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[Objective] Aluminum (Al) toxicity in acidic soils severely inhibits plant growth by inducing oxidative stress. Ectomycorrhizal fungus (ECMF) can enhance host plant Al tolerance, but the underlying physiological mechanisms, particularly in fine roots, are not fully understood. This study investigates how ECMF colonization mitigates Al toxicity by modulating the antioxidant physiology of plants, with an aim in applying ECMF for the ecological restoration of Al-contaminated acidic soils. [Methods] Pinus massoniana seedlings were inoculated with Lactarius deliciosus 2 or Pisolithustinctorius 715, with non-ectomycorrhizal seedlings as the control. After a 6-month exposure to 0.0 mmol/L or 1.0 mmol/L Al3+, we assessed seedling biomass, fine root morphology, plasma membrane permeability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, antioxidant enzyme activities, and osmoregulatory substance content. [Results] Under Al stress, inoculation with either L. deliciosus 2 or P. tinctorius 715 significantly promoted seedling growth and fine root development. The inoculated seedlings exhibited 1.26-1.33 folds greater biomass and 2.25-3.99 folds increases in the total root length, root surface area, root volume, and root tip number compared to the non-inoculated control. The ECMF inoculation also significantly reduced the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), proline, and soluble proteins in fine roots. Furthermore, inoculation with L. deliciosus 2 resulted in significantly higher root surface area and root volume, along with greater peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities and a more pronounced reduction in proline content in fine roots, compared to inoculation with P. tinctorius 715. [Conclusion] Our findings demonstrate that ECMF inoculation alleviates Al stress in P. massoniana seedlings by promoting fine root development, bolstering the antioxidant system (notably through increased POD and CAT activities), reducing H2O2 accumulation, preserving plasma membrane integrity, and decreasing the synthesis of osmoregulatory substances. The superior performance of L. deliciosus 2 highlights its potential for its application in the ecological restoration of Al-contaminated acidic soils.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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