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[Objective] To investigate the interactions between coral-associated Symbiodiniaceae and bacteria in mediating heat stress adaptation of corals. [Methods] Using Pocillopora damicornis harbouring distinct Symbiodiniaceae clades, we performed a laboratory-controlled heat stress simulation experiment to examine the dynamics of symbiotic bacterial community shifts via 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. [Results] Bacterial alpha diversity exhibited a transient increase during the initial stress, followed by a significant decrease under prolonged stress, in P. damicornis harbouring clade C (Cladocopium spp.) or clade D (Durusdinium spp.) algal symbionts (i.e., PdC versus PdD holobionts). Compared with PdD, PdC demonstrated enhanced bacterial community shifts, alongside progressively diminished network stability and complexity with prolonged heat stress. Analysis of bacterial abundance at the class level revealed divergent trajectories of the two holobionts, with the abundance of Alphaproteobacteria increasing in both PdC and PdD, whereas that of Cyanobacteriota increasing in PdC but decreasing in PdD over the course of the experiment. During the later stage of heat stress, Cladocopium spp. in PdC showed increased sensitivity, coinciding with the enrichment of potentially opportunistic pathogens, whereas Durusdinium spp. in PdD were thermotolerant, coinciding with elevated abundance of bacteria possibly involved in photosynthesis, quorum sensing, calcification, and ABC transport. [Conclusion] These findings suggest that different clades of Symbiodiniaceae might interact with bacteria to differentially regulate the P. damicornis response to heat stress. Thermal sensitive Cladocopium spp., combined with the proliferation of potential opportunistic pathogens, may exacerbate the risk of thermal bleaching in PdC, whereas resilience could be strengthened in PdD via thermotolerant Durusdinium spp. coordinating with beneficial bacteria with supportive metabolic potential (e.g., photosynthesis, calcification, and quorum sensing). This algal-bacterial interaction mode provides critical insights into the microbially-mediated thermal bleaching mechanisms and an important reference for the practice of reef restoration in the context of global climate change.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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