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[Objective] To explore the structural differences and associated environmental factors of bacterial communities in the water and sediment of river ecosystems during winter. [Methods] Fourteen sampling sites were established for Diannong River in winter. We employed high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing to systematically analyze the bacterial community composition and diversity, constructed co-occurrence networks, and evaluated the roles of random processes in community assembly. Furthermore, we performed correlation analysis with environmental factors. [Results] The bacterial communities in the sediment had higher alpha diversity indexes than those in the water (P<0.001) and more stable community structures. The beta diversity decomposition showed that the community differences between water and sediment were mainly related to species turnover. Random processes dominated community assembly in both habitats. The co-occurrence network of bacteria in the sediment was more complex with stronger cooperation. Key species were primarily involved in carbon and sulfur cycles, and rare taxa played an important role in network stability. The bacterial communities in water were mainly influenced by environmental factors such as dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll a, and water temperature, while those in the sediment were influenced by pH, organic matter, and nitrogen factors. [Conclusion] This study systematically reveals the differences in the structure, co-occurrence network, and related environmental factors of bacterial communities in the water and sediment of Diannong River during winter, providing scientific evidence for a deeper understanding of the ecological adaptability of river bacterial communities in the freezing period and the different patterns of bacterial communities between water and sediment.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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