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Endophytic Penicillium GS218: whole genome analysis and characterization of antagonism against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in pepper
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Xiulan HE1, 2, Yuqi WANG2, 3, Mingxing ZHANG2, 3, Yu TAO2, 3, Di PENG2, Chi ZHOU2, 3, *, Xin LI1, 2, 3, *
Acta Microbiologica Sinica | 2026, 66(1) : 170 - 186
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Acta Microbiologica Sinica | 2026, 66(1): 170-186
• Research Article •
Endophytic Penicillium GS218: whole genome analysis and characterization of antagonism against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in pepper
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Xiulan HE1, 2, Yuqi WANG2, 3, Mingxing ZHANG2, 3, Yu TAO2, 3, Di PENG2, Chi ZHOU2, 3, *, Xin LI1, 2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
  • 2.Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha, Hunan, China
  • 3.Hunan Engineering Research Center of Endophytic Microbial Resources Exploration and Utilization in Plants, Changsha, Hunan, China
Published: 2026-01-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250299
Outline
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[Objective] To investigate the biocontrol potential of Penicillium sinense GS218, a new endophytic fungus, and to analyze the antifungal mechanism, so as to provide elite strain resources and lay a theoretical foundation for the biocontrol of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in pepper. [Methods] Plate assays were employed to determine the hydrolase activity and siderophore production capacity of GS218. The inhibitory effects of GS218 on different phytopathogenic fungi were evaluated by the plate confrontation method. Whole genome sequencing was performed to obtain insights into the genetic information and physiological functions of the strain. The metabolome of strain GS218 co-cultured with C. gloeosporioides was analyzed to explore the potential active substances for the inhibitory effects. The medicated plate method was employed to validate the inhibitory activities of differential metabolites. [Results] Strain GS218 had hydrolase activity, produced siderophores, and exhibited strong inhibitory effects on five pathogenic fungi (with the inhibition rate of 72.76% on C. gloeosporioides in pepper). The sterile fermentation filtrate of strain GS218 demonstrated a good control effect on pepper anthracnose. The genome size of strain GS218 was 27.77 Mb, which has abundant metabolic pathways, and its genome contained 30 synthetic gene clusters for secondary metabolites. The metabolomics analysis showed that strain GS218 contained rich antimicrobial substances in organic acids and derivatives, phenylpropanoids and polyketides, and lipids and lipid-like molecules (including terpenoids). Compounds such as 7-ethoxycoumarin and pyruvic acid showed inhibitory effects against C. gloeosporioides in pepper. [Conclusion] The new strain, P. sinense GS218, has significant inhibitory effects on C. gloeosporioides and promising application prospects in the green development of agriculture. Whole genome sequencing and metabolomics analysis provide a theoretical basis for deciphering the biocontrol mechanism of strain GS218.

Penicillium sinense  /  biocontrol  /  Colletotrichum gloeosporioides  /  whole genome sequencing  /  antimicrobial metabolites
Xiulan HE, Yuqi WANG, Mingxing ZHANG, Yu TAO, Di PENG, Chi ZHOU, Xin LI. Endophytic Penicillium GS218: whole genome analysis and characterization of antagonism against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in pepper[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2026 , 66 (1) : 170 -186 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250299
Funding
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  • Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province(2023NK2030)
  • Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Hunan Province(2024CX50)
  • Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Hunan Province(2024CX115)
  • “Red Pomegranate” Hunan Aid to Xinjiang Science and Technology Mission Project(202406)
Appendix
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Year 2026 volume 66 Issue 1
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152
60
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Article Info
doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250299
  • Receive Date：2025-04-11
  • Online Date：2026-01-12
  • Published：2026-01-04
Article Data
Affiliations
History
  • Received：2025-04-11
  • Accepted：2025-05-27
Funding
Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province(2023NK2030)
Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Hunan Province(2024CX50)
Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Hunan Province(2024CX115)
“Red Pomegranate” Hunan Aid to Xinjiang Science and Technology Mission Project(202406)
Affiliations
    1.Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
    2.Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha, Hunan, China
    3.Hunan Engineering Research Center of Endophytic Microbial Resources Exploration and Utilization in Plants, Changsha, Hunan, China

Corresponding:

*E-mail: ZHOU Chi,
LI Xin,
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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