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Objective To systematically understand the antibiotic resistance and the distribution of resistance genes of intestinal antibiotic-resistant bacteria in Corvidae species on plateaus. Methods The conventional culture method and sequencing were employed to analyze 71 intestinal samples from five typical Corvidae species in plateau cities. Results A total of 70 bacterial strains were isolated, belonging to 25 species, 14 genera of 3 phyla. The highest number of strains was isolated from the medium containing sulfamethoxazole and the intestinal samples of Corvus macrorhynchos, with Enterococcus and Enterococcus mundtii being the dominant genus and species, respectively. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test revealed that the isolated strains had the highest resistance rate to polymyxin antibiotics, and all the strains exhibited multidrug resistance, with nearly 40% being superbugs resistant to 10 or more antibiotics. Among the seven major categories of resistance genes, carbapenem resistance genes showed the highest detection rate, with tetD being the most frequently detected resistance gene. The detection rates of integrons and gene cassettes were both low. Conclusion Avian species of Corvidae exhibit high diversity and widespread prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains in their intestinal microbiota. Antibiotic resistance genes are widely present within these strains and exhibit significant transmission potential. As a result, they serve as veritable reservoirs and vectors for antibiotic-resistant bacteria and resistance genes, posing challenges and threats to human public health, medical care, and environmental safety. This study fills the gap in research on intestinal antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their antibiotic resistance in Corvidae birds, providing a scientific basis for subsequent assessments of the transmission risk of antibiotic resistance mediated by wild birds and the formulation of prevention and control strategies.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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