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Objective To investigate the community structure, network complexity, and stability of soil bacteria harboring the alkaline phosphatase gene (phoD) under the application of organic amendments, elucidating their regulatory mechanisms in microbially mediated soil phosphorus (P) transformation and availability. Methods We conducted the experiment within a 13-year long-term maize field trial located in Ya’an, Sichuan. The experiment comprised three mineral P fertilizer treatments: 0, 75, and 150 kg/hm2 (designated as P0, P1, and P2, respectively). In 2018, a split-plot design was implemented with organic amendment treatments, where mineral P application was reduced by 30% and supplemented with pig manure (P0+M, 70% P1+M, and 70% P2+M treatments). The phoD-harboring bacterial community structure was characterized by high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatic analyses, which revealed the effects of organic amendments with varying P supply levels on phoD-harboring bacterial communities and their regulation of soil available P. Results As the P supply level increased, both mineral and organic amendments significantly increased the content of soil organic matter (SOM), Olsen-P, and organic P (Po), while significantly decreasing soil pH. P levels and organic amendments markedly altered the community composition and network characteristics of phoD-harboring bacteria. Under low-P conditions (P0, P0+M), Bradyrhizobium icense emerged as both the dominant and indicator species, with its relative abundance decreasing significantly as P application increased. Under P-amended treatments (P1, P2, 70% P1+M, and 70% P2+M), Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens and Roseateles depolymerans became the predominant species, exhibiting significant increases in relative abundance with higher P inputs. Notably, the relative abundance of all the three dominant species under the application of organic amendments was higher than that in corresponding inorganic P treatments. Furthermore, organic amendments increased the network nodes and connectivity links compared with corresponding mineral P treatments. Random forest analysis further identified B. icense as the strongest predictor of soil available P. The stability of phoD-harboring bacterial networks showed no significant difference across treatments. However, after the removal of dominant species, the network stability declined significantly in all treatments. Conclusion Organic amendments increase the relative abundance of dominant species within the phoD-harboring bacterial community across different P supply levels. They enhance the network complexity of phoD-harboring bacteria, thereby improving the network stability of these bacterial communities and ultimately influencing the availability of soil P.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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