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Research advances in novel immobilization methods for heterotrophic nitrifying-aerobic denitrifying bacteria
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Rui HUO, Wanying LI, Yiling DI, Chun LIU, Shilei ZHOU*
Acta Microbiologica Sinica | 2025, 65(12) : 5228 - 5243
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Acta Microbiologica Sinica | 2025, 65(12): 5228-5243
• Review •
Research advances in novel immobilization methods for heterotrophic nitrifying-aerobic denitrifying bacteria
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Rui HUO, Wanying LI, Yiling DI, Chun LIU, Shilei ZHOU*
Affiliations
  • Hebei Key Laboratory of Pollution Prevention Biotechnology, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
Published: 2025-12-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250424
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Heterotrophic nitrifying-aerobic denitrifying (HN-AD) bacteria can simultaneously complete nitrification and denitrification processes under aerobic conditions, significantly simplifying wastewater treatment procedures. These strains exhibit rapid growth, tolerance to extreme environments, and are widely applied in various wastewater treatments. This review summarizes the nitrogen removal pathways of HN-AD bacteria and highlights the potential of novel immobilization carriers (composite materials, magnetic nanocarriers, and biochar) for nitrogen removal across diverse wastewater sectors. It focuses on elucidating the fundamental principles, application cases, current research status, and future prospects of emerging immobilization technologies, including biomimetic mineralization immobilization, electrospun fiber immobilization, and 3D printing carrier immobilization. The enhanced effects of novel immobilization strategies on improving nitrogen removal efficiency and system stability are discussed. Finally, challenges and future prospects for HN-AD bacterial immobilization technology during fabrication and application are outlined.

immobilization  /  heterotrophic nitrifying-aerobic denitrifying bacteria  /  biological nitrogen removal  /  immobilization technology
Rui HUO, Wanying LI, Yiling DI, Chun LIU, Shilei ZHOU. Research advances in novel immobilization methods for heterotrophic nitrifying-aerobic denitrifying bacteria[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2025 , 65 (12) : 5228 -5243 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250424
Funding
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  • Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(E2024208033)
  • Basic Research Project of Universities in Hebei Province, Affiliated with Shijiazhuang City(241791187A)
Appendix
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Year 2025 volume 65 Issue 12
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382
162
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Article Info
doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20250424
  • Receive Date：2025-06-02
  • Online Date：2025-12-08
  • Published：2025-12-04
Article Data
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History
  • Received：2025-06-02
  • Accepted：2025-07-22
Funding
Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(E2024208033)
Basic Research Project of Universities in Hebei Province, Affiliated with Shijiazhuang City(241791187A)
Affiliations
    Hebei Key Laboratory of Pollution Prevention Biotechnology, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China

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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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