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Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) with unique reductive capabilities enable simultaneous sulfate reduction and heavy metal removal, demonstrating potential in heavy metal pollution remediation. Objective To isolate efficient SRB strains from marine sediments and investigate their reductive characteristics and application prospects in Cr(VI) contamination remediation. Methods We enriched and screened out an efficient SRB strain and systematically analyzed its sulfate reduction efficiency, Cr(VI) removal efficiency, and metabolic responses under environmental stressors (such as pH, sulfate concentration, and heavy metal concentration). This strain was then used to synthesize biological iron sulfide composite, the physicochemical characteristics of which were then investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Furthermore, the feasibility of applying the biological iron sulfide composite in the remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated environments was explored. Results Strain S5 was identified as Desulfovibrio sp. with GenBank accession number OR140726. Its protein concentration and sulfate reduction followed an S-shaped curve. This strain exhibited a certain degree of acid tolerance, with the OD600 and sulfate reduction rate reaching 0.16±0.01 and (83.71±1.49)% at pH 5.0, respectively. The strain exhibited sulfate reduction capability in the presence of 0.5-1.3 g/L sulfate, achieving a maximum reduction rate of (92.27±1.20)%. In the presence of 10-30 mg/L Cr(VI), strain S5 demonstrated efficient Cr(VI) removal. However, when the Cr(VI) concentration was higher than 30 mg/L, the Cr(VI) removal rate of this strain decreased significantly. The biological iron sulfide composite prepared based on strain S5 was porous, amorphous, and rich in functional groups such as C=O, N-H, and Fe-S, and its Cr(VI) removal rates were above 85% and did not differ significantly when exposed to Cr(VI) at high concentrations. Conclusion Desulfovibrio sp. S5 is a strain with high efficiency of sulfate reduction and Cr(VI) removal, and the biological iron sulfide composite prepared with it can overcome the limitation of higher Cr(VI) concentration and maintain high Cr(VI) removal rate, which has obvious advantages in the remediation of Cr(VI) pollution. The results of this study can provide a scientific basis for the application of SRB in the bioremediation of Cr(VI)-polluted environments.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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