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Objective To identify the species and investigate the diversity of 120 Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) strains isolated from industrial products and their production environments between 2022 and 2023. Additionally, the whole genome of a novel sequence type (ST) strain, Burkholderia aenigmatica ST2120, was analyzed to assess its virulence and pathogenicity. Methods Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was employed to assign sequence types (STs) of Bcc strains. Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) was conducted for phylogenetic analysis and species identification of novel ST Bcc strains. Whole genome sequencing of ST2120 was performed on the Nanopore platform, followed by genome assembly, gene prediction, functional annotation, and prediction of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) for secondary metabolites. Results Among the 120 Bcc strains, seven species (B. aenigmatica, B. cenocepacia, B. cepacia, B. contaminans, B. vietnamiensis, B. stabilis, and B. multivorans) and 38 STs were identified. Twenty-two novel alleles and 20 new STs were discovered. The novel ST strains were predominantly identified as B. aenigmatica and B. vietnamiensis. B. aenigmatica accounted for 55% of Bcc strains associated with industrial contamination, representing the most prevalent species within the industrial contamination-related Bcc. The genome (8 909 914 bp, G+C content: 65.73%) of B. aenigmatica ST2120 comprised 8 192 protein-coding genes, and the genome data were deposited in NCBI under the accession number CP184468-CP184476. Genomic analysis predicted siderophore-related BGCs for secondary metabolites (e.g., ornibactin C8 and chromobactin), five efflux pump-associated antibiotic resistance genes, and virulence genes linked to secretion systems, host adhesion/invasion, immune modulation, and quorum sensing. Conclusion B. aenigmatica has emerged as a predominant Bcc species in industrial contamination. The genome of B. aenigmatica ST2120 contains comprehensive virulence genes, indicating significant pathogenicity.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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