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Objective To screen the biocontrol bacterial isolates with antagonistic activity against root rot pathogens of Panax notoginseng from the rhizosphere of Bletilla striata in a P. notoginseng-B. striata rotation system, identify the isolates, and evaluate their control effects, thereby providing a scientific basis for the application of P. notoginseng-B. striata rotation in alleviating continuous cropping obstacles and screening biocontrol strains from the rhizosphere of the plants for rotation rather than from that of target plants in the plant rotation system for controlling soil-borne diseases in the field. Methods The dilution plate method was employed to isolate culturable microorganisms from the rhizosphere soil of B. striata. The antagonistic activities of the isolates against root rot pathogens of P. notoginseng were evaluated via the dual culture assay. Molecular identification was performed based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence. In pot experiments, antagonistic bacteria were inoculated, and then the ability of antagonistic bacteria to control root rot was evaluated based on the root rot incidence of P. notoginseng. Results The rotation with B. striata significantly reduced the incidence and disease index of P. notoginseng root rot compared with continuous cropping. A total of 200 bacterial strains were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of B. striata, from which 25 strains exhibiting antagonistic activities against the root rot pathogens including Ilyonectria destructans RS6, Fusarium solani F3, and Fusarium oxysporum Z5 of P. notoginseng were screened out. The isolation efficiency of antagonistic bacteria was 12.5%. The 25 strains were identified as 12 species belonging to 5 genera, demonstrating rich diversity. There were 14 strains of Bacillus sp., including 4 strains of B. subtilis, 2 strains of B. velezensis, 6 strains of B. amyloliquefaciens, 1 strain of B. cereus, and 1 strain of B. toyonensis. There were 5 strains of Acinetobacter, including 2 strains of A. johnsonii, 2 strains of A. junii, and 1 strain of A. pittii. There were 4 strains of Pseudomonas, including 3 strains of P. putida and 1 strain of P. fulva. In addition, 1 strain of Enterobacter asburiae and 1 strain of Aeromonas caviae with antagonistic activities were isolated. Four strains (B. amyloliquefaciens BJ1, B. subtilis BJ7, B. amyloliquefaciens BJ8, and A. johnsonii YB10) antagonistic to all the three pathogens were applied to continuous cropping soil. They significantly reduced the root rot incidence and enhanced the fresh weight of P. notoginseng. Conclusion The rhizosphere soil of B. striata in rotation with P. notoginseng harbors diverse biocontrol strains against the root rot pathogens of P. notoginseng. This study lays a theoretical foundation for the rotation of P. notoginseng with B. striata to alleviate continuous cropping obstacles.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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