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The cyclic oligonucleotide (CO)-based anti-phage signaling system (CBASS), an innate immune system widely distributed in bacteria, is composed of oligonucleotide cyclases cGAS/DncV-like nucleotidyltransferases (CD-NTases), CD-NTase-associated protein (Cap), and accessory proteins. When bacteria are infected by phages, CD-NTases generate COs to amplify signals. Subsequently, effectors are activated by COs, inducing cell death through multiple mechanisms such as damaging cell membranes, degrading DNA, and depleting essential metabolites. Accessory proteins are responsible for regulating the CBASS, ultimately inhibiting phage infection. This review introduces the composition and classification of CBASS and further discusses the process by which CD-NTases recognize and bind to phage RNA to activate the synthesis of the second messenger CO. Effectors encoded by Cap effector genes mediate cell killing by binding to COs, while accessory proteins encoded by Cap auxiliary genes are involved in regulating the activity of CBASS. In addition, the immune evasion of phages from CBASS is also discussed. This review helps to understand the detailed mechanisms and biological significance of the interactions between phages and their host bacteria from the perspective of CBASS.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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