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Candida auris, as a multidrug-resistant fungus, pose a challenge to clinical treatment because of biofilm formation. Currently, effective intervention measures against its biofilm remain to be developed. [Objective] To explore the antifungal activity and biofilm inhibition mechanism of the Chinese medicine active compound matrine (MT) against C. auris. [Methods] The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), and sessile minimum inhibitory concentration (SMIC) of MT against C. auris were determined by the microdilution method. The time-growth curve and colony morphology of C. auris under the intervention of MT were observed by the plate method. The changes in the hydrolytic enzyme activity of the C. auris biofilm treated with MT were determined. The changes in cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) of C. auris biofilm treated with MT were observed by the water-hydrocarbon two-phase method. The effects of MT on the metabolic activity and structure of C. auris biofilms were observed by the XTT method, crystal violet method, and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The changes in the cell nucleus of C. auris in the biofilm treated with MT were detected by DAPI staining. The protective effect of MT on the host infected with C. auris was observed by the Galleria mellonella larvae infection model. [Results] The MIC of MT against C. auris was 128 μg/mL, while the MFC and SMIC were both 512 μg/mL. The inhibition mechanism of MT against the proliferation of C. auris mainly involved reducing the CSH, inhibiting the mature biofilm formation, significantly decreasing the metabolic activity, and inducing abnormal nuclear morphology. The experiments with G. mellonella larvae further confirmed that MT could alleviate the invasive damage caused by C. auris. [Conclusion] MT has a significant antifungal effect on C. auris and can effectively inhibit the biofilm formation, providing a new candidate drug and potential target for clinical treatment of multidrug-resistant C. auris infections.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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