Lipases are a group of biocatalysts that efficiently catalyze the hydrolysis, alcoholysis, acidolysis, ester exchange, and synthesis of esters at the oil-water interface. These enzymes play crucial roles in various fields, including pharmaceuticals and chemical engineering. Microbial lipases are more readily available and hold greater value for research and application than animal and plant lipases. [Objective] To isolate lipase-producing microorganisms from natural environments, optimize their culture conditions, and characterize the structure of the produced lipase. [Methods] We used bromocresol purple as an indicator to screen lipase-producing strains from oil-contaminated soil and identified the strains by morphological observation and 18S rRNA gene sequencing. We optimized the culture conditions of the strains by single-factor experiments and response surface methodology. We performed proteomic sequencing on the active proteins to identify the potential lipase. We amplified and sequenced the gene of the potential lipase by PCR and analyzed its multi-level structure. [Results] A lipase-producing fungal strain FA3 was isolated from oil-contaminated soil and identified as Aspergillus sp. The strain was cultured with olive oil as the sole carbon source, and the p-nitrophenol colorimetric method revealed that the intracellular enzyme activity of strain FA3 was 263.75 U/g. The optimized culture conditions were as follows: emulsified olive oil at 4 mL/L, peptone at 18 g/L, K₂HPO₄ at 1 g/L, NaCl at 10 g/L, MgSO₄ at 0.5 mmol/L, and pH 5.3. After culture at 30 ℃ for 77.5 h, the specific activity reached 2 120.27 U/g, which was about 8.04 times higher than that before optimization. The proteomic analysis and structural prediction revealed the conserved Gly-Asp-Ser motif, confirming the lipase as a typical GDSL lipase. The enzyme contained strictly conserved Ser, Gly, Asn, and His residues and it was thus classified as a member of the N-sulphoglucosamine sulphohydrolase (SGNH) hydrolase family. [Conclusion] After optimization of the culture conditions, strain FA3 demonstrated significantly enhanced lipase production, showing great potential for application. We clarify the functions and structural characteristics of the lipase, providing a basis for the engineering of related proteins.