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Research progress in molecular mechanisms of lipid metabolism regulation by natural active components through targeting the gut microbiota
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Piao WU1, 2, 3, Dianpeng ZHANG3, Yajie HAN1, Ruijiao JIN1, 2, Chunxia MI1, *, Shuang ZHAO2, *
Acta Microbiologica Sinica | 2026, 66(10) : 4708 - 4732
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Acta Microbiologica Sinica | 2026, 66(10): 4708-4732
• Review •
Research progress in molecular mechanisms of lipid metabolism regulation by natural active components through targeting the gut microbiota
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Piao WU1, 2, 3, Dianpeng ZHANG3, Yajie HAN1, Ruijiao JIN1, 2, Chunxia MI1, *, Shuang ZHAO2, *
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Life Science and Technology, Mudanjiang Normal University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China
  • 2.Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing, Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
  • 3.Beijing Engineering Research Center for Edible Mushroom, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
About Author:

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Published: 2026-10-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260177
Outline
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Lipid metabolism disorders have emerged as a global health challenge, and gut microbiota dysbiosis, along with the consequent metabolic endotoxemia, are key factors promoting this pathological process. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms by which natural active components (NACs) improve lipid homeostasis through targeted modulation of gut microecology. At the microecological intervention level, NACs optimize the microbiota structure by increasing the abundance of functional bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Akkermansia muciniphila, while inhibiting the proliferation of opportunistic pathogens like Desulfovibrio. At the “metabolite-host” interaction level, the lipid-lowering mechanisms mainly involve two aspects. The first is the targeted effects of metabolites, wherein short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids, and phenolic acid derivatives specifically modulate metabolic targets including 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase and fatty acid synthase. The second is the host signaling responses, wherein the aforementioned metabolic mediators synergistically modulate key signaling nodes, such as adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), to inhibit de novo lipogenesis and promote fatty acid β-oxidation, while simultaneously inhibiting the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway to alleviate inflammation-associated abnormal lipid deposition. The “component-microbiota-metabolite-host signaling” regulatory mechanism outlined herein provides a theoretical reference for elucidating the pharmacodynamic material basis of NACs and developing gut microecology-based personalized nutritional intervention strategies.

natural active components  /  gut microbiota  /  lipid metabolism  /  metabolites  /  signaling networks
吴飘, 张殿朋, 韩雅杰, 金瑞娇, 弥春霞, 赵爽. 天然活性成分靶向肠道菌群调控脂质代谢分子机制研究进展. 微生物学报, 2026 , 66 (10) : 4708 -4732 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260177
Piao WU, Dianpeng ZHANG, Yajie HAN, Ruijiao JIN, Chunxia MI, Shuang ZHAO. Research progress in molecular mechanisms of lipid metabolism regulation by natural active components through targeting the gut microbiota[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2026 , 66 (10) : 4708 -4732 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260177
Funding
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  • Science and Technology Innovation Capacity Building Special Project of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(KJCX20240402-7)
Appendix
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Year 2026 volume 66 Issue 10
216
86
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Article Info
doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260177
  • Receive Date：2026-03-04
  • Online Date：2026-10-13
  • Published：2026-10-04
Article Data
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History
  • Received：2026-03-04
  • Accepted：2026-03-26
Funding
Science and Technology Innovation Capacity Building Special Project of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(KJCX20240402-7)
Affiliations
    1.College of Life Science and Technology, Mudanjiang Normal University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China
    2.Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Preservation and Processing, Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
    3.Beijing Engineering Research Center for Edible Mushroom, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China

Corresponding:

*E-mail: ZHAO Shuang,
MI Chunxia,
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
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Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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