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Objective Curcumin exhibits diverse pharmacological activities, yet its clinical and industrial applications are largely limited by its poor water solubility and low oral bioavailability. The present study was designed to evaluate the anti-fatigue efficacy of curcumin fermented by Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CCFM1520 and to preliminarily elucidate the underlying mechanism responsible for its anti-fatigue effects. Methods The bioconversion efficiency of curcumin and its metabolites by CCFM1520 were quantified viain vitro bioconversion assays. A mouse model of fatigue was established by combining forced swimming with chronic restraint stress. Mice were randomized into six groups: blank control, model, curcumin, CCFM1520, CCFM1520-curcumin synbiotic, and CCFM1520-fermented curcumin. The anti-fatigue efficacy of fermented curcumin was comprehensively assessed from behavioral parameters, serum level of oxidative stress markers [superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA)], and cerebral levels of neurotransmitters [dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE)]. Real-time quantitative PCR was performed to examine the mRNA expression profiles of genes associated with the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) signaling pathway in the skeletal muscle and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tyrosine kinase receptor B (BDNF/TrkB) signaling pathway in the brain tissue. Results CCFM1520 converted curcumin at an efficiency of 62.39%, efficiently converting it into tetrahydrocurcumin. Compared with unfermented curcumin, the fermented product significantly improved behavioral outcomes, including prolonged exhaustive swimming time, shortened escape latency in the water maze, and increased swimming distance. In addition, the fermented product significantly enhanced the activities of SOD and GSH-Px and reduced the content of MDA in the serum, and simultaneously elevated the levels of DA and NE in the mouse brain. Mechanism studies revealed that fermented curcumin up-regulated the mRNA levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 in the muscle tissue and BDNF and TrkB in the brain tissue. Conclusion L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CCFM1520efficiently converts curcumin into more bioactive metabolites. These metabolites exert a pronounced anti-fatigue effect by enhancing antioxidant capacity and modulating neurotransmitter balance. This study provides a novel strategy and a theoretical basis for developing high-efficacy anti-fatigue functional foods.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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