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Targeted metabolomics analysis of metabolic pathway changes of ectoine in bacterium-alga co-culture
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Xiaoyan CHANG1, Shuaikang ZHAO1, Ning LUO1, Haoxin LI1, Rui HAN2, Guanshun XIE3, Derui ZHU1
Acta Microbiologica Sinica | 2026, 66(7) : 3277 - 3290
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Acta Microbiologica Sinica | 2026, 66(7): 3277-3290
• Research Article •
Targeted metabolomics analysis of metabolic pathway changes of ectoine in bacterium-alga co-culture
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Xiaoyan CHANG1, Shuaikang ZHAO1, Ning LUO1, Haoxin LI1, Rui HAN2, Guanshun XIE3, Derui ZHU1
Affiliations
  • 1.Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
  • 2.Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology, Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
  • 3.Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
Published: 2026-07-04 doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260028
Outline
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Objective To overcome the limitations such as high costs and restricted substrate utilization of mono-culture fermentation, bacterium-alga co-culture based on resource complementarity offers a promising new avenue for ectoine production. This study investigated the co-culture conditions of Dunaliella pseudosalina ZBY-1 and Halomonas campaniensis XH26 and the variations in ectoine yield, aiming to elucidate the metabolic regulation mechanism of ectoine biosynthesis in the co-culture system. Methods Strains XH26 and ZBY-1 were co-cultured at different inoculation ratios (1/0, 1/5, 1/10, 1/15, and 1/20) to screen the ratio yielding the highest ectoine production. Targeted metabolomics analysis was performed on the co-culture group [H group (H)], the bacterial control group [XH26 group (X)], and the algal control group [ZBY-1 group (D)] to identify significant differential metabolites. Results The highest ectoine yield was achieved at a bacterium-to-alga ratio of 1:15, while the pigment content of the algal strain was lower than that of the control group. Metabolomics analysis identified 15 (H vs. D), 16 (H vs. X), and 16 (X vs. D) significant differential metabolites, including L-alanine, L-asparagine, L-aspartic acid, L-phenylalanine, malic acid, and pyruvic acid. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis revealed that alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, and arginine biosynthesis were the significantly altered metabolic pathways. Conclusion The co-culture system exhibited an asymmetric pattern characterized by bacterial proliferation and algal inhibition. The co-culture system significantly activated the central carbon metabolic network of the bacteria. Notably, aspartic acid and glutamic acid were significantly accumulated in cells, serving as the direct carbon skeleton and amino donor, respectively, to directly promote the efficient synthesis of ectoine.

ectoine  /  Halomonas campaniensis  /  Dunaliella pseudosalina  /  targeted metabolomics  /  energy metabolism
Xiaoyan CHANG, Shuaikang ZHAO, Ning LUO, Haoxin LI, Rui HAN, Guanshun XIE, Derui ZHU. Targeted metabolomics analysis of metabolic pathway changes of ectoine in bacterium-alga co-culture[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2026 , 66 (7) : 3277 -3290 . DOI: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260028
Funding
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  • The National Natural Science Foundation of China(32260019)
  • The Qinghai Central Government Guide Local Science and Technology Development Fund(2024ZY015)
Appendix
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Year 2026 volume 66 Issue 7
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113
49
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Article Info
doi: 10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20260028
  • Receive Date：2026-01-11
  • Online Date：2026-07-06
  • Published：2026-07-04
Article Data
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History
  • Received：2026-01-11
  • Accepted：2026-02-07
Funding
The National Natural Science Foundation of China(32260019)
The Qinghai Central Government Guide Local Science and Technology Development Fund(2024ZY015)
Affiliations
    1.Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
    2.Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology, Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
    3.Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China

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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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