Rice is one of the most widely cultivated and highest-yielding crops worldwide, and its yield stability is closely linked to global food security. As a typical mycorrhizal crop, rice exhibits enhanced growth and stress tolerance after colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Rhizosphere bacteria, a major component of the rhizosphere microbiome, interact synergistically with AMF, collectively contributing to enhanced nutrient acquisition and improved rice performance. This review summarizes recent advances in the interactions between AMF and rhizosphere bacteria. We highlight that their synergistic interactions regulate rice growth, nutrient acquisition, and stress tolerance, which contribute to the ecosystem stability and biodiversity of the rhizosphere. However, most available studies on the interactions between AMF and rhizosphere bacteria have been conducted under controlled conditions, which limits their applicability to the complex natural field environments. Therefore, this review proposes several suggestions for future research. First, utilize multi-omics technologies such as metagenomics and isotope tracing techniques to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the AMF-bacterial interaction. Second, in practical applications, long-term field positioning trials should be conducted to screen out superior microbial agents that meet the requirements. Finally, optimize regulatory conditions to achieve large-scale propagation of AMF and overcome the bottleneck in AMF field propagation provides theoretical support for promoting the practical application of this technology in agricultural production.