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Objective To prepare the chlamydospore wettable powder with significant control efficacy against tomato bacterial wilt from Cladophialophora guangxiense HX2, a dark septate endophyte (DSE). Methods Single-factor experiments were carried out to screen the types and dosages of carriers, wetting agents, dispersants, and ultraviolet protectants for the wettable powder. Pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of soaking tomato seeds with four concentrations (T1: 1×108 CFU/mL; T2: 1×107 CFU/mL; T3: 1×106 CFU/mL; T4: 1×105 CFU/mL) for 30 min on tomato plant growth, tomato bacterial wilt, and activities of five defense enzymes—peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Results The formulation was optimized as follows: 25% chlamydospore suspension, 8% dispersant polyethylene glycol (PEG8000) and wetting agent Tween-60 at a mass ratio of 1:3, 0.5%-1.5% UV protectant ascorbic acid (VC), and white carbon black as the carrier to make up the remaining proportion to 100%. The wettable powder prepared according to this formulation had the chlamydospore content of 2.35×108 CFU/g, the wetting time of 24.25 s, a suspension rate of 73.8%, pH 5.71, the moisture content of 16.67%, and the fineness of 98.81%. All indicators met the requirements of the national standard GB 20287—2006 Microbial Inoculants in Agriculture. The results of pot experiments indicated that the T2 treatment exhibited a significant plant growth-promoting effect, increasing the root length, plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight, and dry weight by 47.39%, 31.82%, 24.64%, 89.45%, and 90.97%, respectively, compared with the control group. On day 30 after pathogen inoculation, the control efficacy of this treatment against tomato bacterial wilt reached 50.9%, which was significantly higher than that of the Trichoderma harzianum treatment. Moreover, the T2 treatment significantly enhanced the activities of the five defense enzymes. Conclusion The HX2 chlamydospore wettable powder prepared in this study has good control efficacy against tomato bacterial wilt. This study provides a technical basis for the large-scale popularization and application of this agent.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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