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Surface defects in C19400 copper-iron alloys significantly degrade both electrical conductivity and mechanical properties, posing a key limitation on their application in high-end semiconductor packaging and electronic components. In this paper, origins and microscopic morphology of compositional defects in C19400 copper strips were systematically investigated. Distribution behavior of elements in the copper matrix was first predicted using Miedema model for thermodynamic calculations of Cu-Fe-P system. Subsequently, the defective samples were characterized in terms of microstructure and composition through methods including spark discharge optical emission spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Results revealed the presence of various inclusion defects and precipitation in C19400 copper strips. Specifically, oxide inclusions appeared as irregular flakes; carbides aggregated as dark fine particles in localized areas; phosphides were distributed inside pits; hard inclusions were embedded as irregular particles within the pits, and precipitates aligned in elongated forms along the rolling direction. Traceability analysis indicated that compositional defects introduced during the melting and casting stages remained through manufacturing process to strip stage. Subsequent rolling and annealing treatments further altered the size and distribution of these inclusions. This study clarified the evolution path and microstructural characteristics of these defects, providing a theoretical and experimental basis for optimizing processing of C19400 and enhancing reliability of this material in high-end electronic applications.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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