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Two-Stage Alkaline Leaching for Arsenic Removal and Simultaneous Sb-Sn Enrichment from Arsenic-Antimony-Tin Residue
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Ting Yang1, 2, 3, Yunlong Sun1, 2, 3, Hongke Zhang1, 2, 3, Qingliang Peng1, 2, 3, Wei Xiong1, 2, 3, Xixiang Chen3, Linqiao Duan4, Youan Deng5, Huaquan Tang5
Copper Engineering | 2026, (4) : 69 - 79
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Copper Engineering | 2026, (4): 69-79
• Special Topic: Utilization of Mining and Metallurgical Solid Waste and Pollution Control •
Two-Stage Alkaline Leaching for Arsenic Removal and Simultaneous Sb-Sn Enrichment from Arsenic-Antimony-Tin Residue
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Ting Yang1, 2, 3, Yunlong Sun1, 2, 3, Hongke Zhang1, 2, 3, Qingliang Peng1, 2, 3, Wei Xiong1, 2, 3, Xixiang Chen3, Linqiao Duan4, Youan Deng5, Huaquan Tang5
Affiliations
  • 1.Jiangxi Copper Technology Institute Co.，Ltd.，Nanchang 330096，China
  • 2.Jiangxi Copper Company Limited Nanchang R&D Center，Nanchang 330096，China
  • 3.Jiangxi Copper Company Limited，Nanchang 330096，China
  • 4.Jiangxi Jiangtong Tongxin Environmental Protection Technology Co.，Ltd.，Shangrao 334114，China
  • 5.Jiangxi Copper Lead & Zinc Metal Co.，Ltd.，Jiujiang 332000，China
Published: 2026-08-28 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-3842.2026.04.009
Outline
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To address difficulties in separating arsenic (As) from antimony (Sb) and tin (Sn) in arsenic-antimony-tin residue, a thermodynamic analysis of Sb(Ⅲ)-Sn(Ⅳ)-H2O system was conducted, and pH control window for phase separation was determined to be 9.0~10.3. Accordingly, a two-stage alkaline leaching process consisting of first-stage soda leaching and second-stage alkaline oxidative leaching was proposed for arsenic removal, supplemented by oxidative precipitation of antimony for its recovery. Effects of key parameters on As removal and Sb/Sn separation were systematically investigated, and the optimal conditions for each stage were determined. Under the optimized conditions, As content in the residue decreased from 17.52% to 1.81%, achieving an overall As removal rate of 92.14%, while direct recovery rates of Sb and Sn reached 97.74% and 95.44%, respectively. Mechanistic analysis revealed that during the first-stage leaching, arsenate decomposed to release AsO43−, while simultaneous hydrolysis of Sb3+ and Sn4+ generated colloidal Sb2O3·xH2O and Sn(OH)4, which adsorbed and encapsulated arsenic. In the second-stage leaching, H2O2 oxidized the colloidal Sb2O3·xH2O to crystalline NaSb(OH)6 precipitate, disrupting encapsulation structure and enabling further release of arsenic. Phase and valence transformations were verified by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) characterizations. This process enabled selective removal of As and simultaneous enrichment of Sb and Sn.

alkaline leaching  /  arsenic removal  /  antimony  /  tin  /  enrichment
Ting Yang, Yunlong Sun, Hongke Zhang, Qingliang Peng, Wei Xiong, Xixiang Chen, Linqiao Duan, Youan Deng, Huaquan Tang. Two-Stage Alkaline Leaching for Arsenic Removal and Simultaneous Sb-Sn Enrichment from Arsenic-Antimony-Tin Residue[J]. Copper Engineering, 2026 , (4) : 69 -79 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-3842.2026.04.009
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Year 2026 volume Issue 4
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Article Info
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-3842.2026.04.009
  • Receive Date：2026-05-27
  • Online Date：2026-09-08
  • Published：2026-08-28
Article Data
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History
  • Received：2026-05-27
  • Revised：2026-06-18
Funding
Affiliations
    1.Jiangxi Copper Technology Institute Co.，Ltd.，Nanchang 330096，China
    2.Jiangxi Copper Company Limited Nanchang R&D Center，Nanchang 330096，China
    3.Jiangxi Copper Company Limited，Nanchang 330096，China
    4.Jiangxi Jiangtong Tongxin Environmental Protection Technology Co.，Ltd.，Shangrao 334114，China
    5.Jiangxi Copper Lead & Zinc Metal Co.，Ltd.，Jiujiang 332000，China
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/tygc/EN/10.3969/j.issn.1009-3842.2026.04.009
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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