CuS nanoparticles have attracted extensive attention in many fields due to their unique optical, electrical and catalytic properties. This review systematically reviewed synthesis methods, physical properties, and applications of CuS nanoparticle materials in various fields. Firstly, the basic principles and research progress of three main synthesis methods of CuS, including water/solvothermal method, chemical precipitation method and microwave-assisted method, were systematically summarized, and the advantages and disadvantages of each method were summarized. Secondly, the unique optical, electrical, catalytic and biocompatibility of CuS nanoparticles stemmed from the crystal structure of CuS nanoparticles were introduced. Furthermore, the research progress in fields of biomedicine, environment and supercapacitors based on their unique physical properties were summarized. Applications in photothermal therapy, drug delivery carriers, organic pollutant degradation and supercapacitor electrode materials were mainly discussed. Finally, the challenges faced by development of CuS nanoparticle materials in various fields were summarized, and future research directions were prospected. It was pointed out that optimizing synthesis method and deep understanding of properties are key factors in effective applications of the materials. CuS nanoparticle materials were expected to play a greater role in future scientific research and industrial applications. This review provided some references and inspirations for promoting the in-depth research and wide application of these materials in various fields.