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Grain boundary diffusion technology has emerged as a pivotal approach to overcome bottlenecks of high cost and significant remanence loss in traditional single-alloy methods by precisely regulating the distribution of heavy rare earths (HREs), thereby markedly enhancing the coercivity of NdFeB magnets. This study proposed composite diffusion sources formed by blending Tb-Al-Cu HRE alloys with pure Nd powder at varying ratios, systematically investigating their diffusion modification effects on both HRE-free and HRE-containing substrates. Experimental results demonstrated that under optimal diffusion source ratios, the maximum coercivity enhancements for the two substrates reached 1.036 T and 0.959 T, respectively, with remanence attenuation controlled within 0.59 kGs and 0.43 kGs. When TbAlCu-to-pure-Nd ratio was 3∶2 (for HRE-free substrates) or 2∶3 (for HRE-containing substrates), the magnets exhibited optimal comprehensive performance, achieving 48UH and 45EH grade levels, respectively. Microstructural analysis revealed that HRE-free substrates developed increased grain boundary phases, refined grains, and core-shell structures after diffusion, while HRE-containing substrates showed a significant increase in non-magnetic grain boundary phases. By designing composite diffusion sources, this study achieved remarkable magnetic performance improvements with low HRE consumption, offering a novel strategy for the green preparation and resource-efficient utilization of high-performance NdFeB magnets.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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