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目的 探讨中老年人生活习惯与胃肠道疾病（gastrointestinal diseases, GID）患病情况之间的关联。
方法 基于2020年中国健康与养老追踪调查（China health and retirement longitudinal study, CHARLS）数据，纳入45岁及以上人群13284例，收集其GID患病情况、人口学特征和生活习惯信息。采用卡方检验进行单因素分析，再以GID为因变量，使用二元Logistic回归分析生活习惯与GID的关联。
结果 在13284例研究对象中，30.94%（4110例）有GID。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示，戒烟［比值比（odds ratio, OR）=1.34，95%置信区间（confidence interval, CI）：1.13~1.60，P<0.05=0.001］、仍在吸烟（OR=1.23，95% CI：1.05~1.45，P<0.05=0.012）、夜间睡眠小于等于7 h（OR=1.42，95% CI：1.31~1.54，P<0.001）是GID的危险因素；饮酒1月大于1次（OR=0.77，95% CI：0.69~0.85，P<0.001）、缺乏社交行为（OR=0.92，95% CI：0.85~0.99，P<0.05=0.033）是GID的保护因素。
结论 吸烟行为及睡眠不足可能增加中老年人GID风险，饮酒及社交行为与GID的关联方向需谨慎解释，未来仍需纵向研究进一步验证。本研究基于全国代表性的CHARLS数据，从多种生活习惯角度系统分析了中老年人群GID的相关影响因素，结果为识别可干预的健康行为提供了流行病学依据，对于制定中老年人群消化系统疾病的预防策略及健康管理措施具有一定参考价值。
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黄秋萍，硕士，技师，主要研究方向为消化病临床医学检验。E-mail: 674310037@qq.com
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