Article(id=1157042094486459280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1157017136368541764, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753789932128, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1707321600000, pubDateStr=2024-02-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753789932128, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753789932128, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753789932128, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1157017136368541764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, year='2024', volume='2', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='129', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1707321600000', pubDateStr='2024-02-08', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753783981649, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1784685058336, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1286625645979484234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1157017136368541764, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1286625645979484235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1157017136368541764, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=5, endPage=9, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1157042095048496017, articleId=1157042094486459280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, language=EN, title=Rapid detection of preservatives in cosmetics by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, columnId=1156641065621906129, journalTitle=Laboratory Testing, columnName=Innovative Applications, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective: To achieve rapid on-site detection of benzoic acid and sorbic acid, two common preservatives in cosmetics, and improve detection efficiency and on-site detection capabilities. Methods: A portable Raman spectrometer which used silver nanoparticles as the enhancement substrate for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was used to detect benzoic acid and potassium sorbate in cosmetics. Results: Benzoic acid and sorbic acid had characteristic Raman peaks at ${1157}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ and ${871}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$,respectively. Further research showed that the concentrations of benzoic acid and sorbic acid were linearly correlated with the intensity of their characteristic Raman peaks, making quantitative detection possible. This was confirmed by traditional liquid chromatography, and the quantitative results were consistent. Conclusion: This SERS method has the advantages of simplicity, speed, and efficiency, and is expected to achieve rapid on-site detection of preservatives.

, authors=null, authorsList=Wen ZHANG, Ying YANG, Bei-Ni PANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Bei-Ni PANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*PANG Bei-Ni, Master, mid-level engineer, Shanghai Institute of Quality Inspection and Technical Research, National Institute of Quality Inspection and Research on Cleaning Product in Shanghai, Shanghai 200233, China. E-mail:
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目的 实现化妆品中苯甲酸与山梨酸两种常见防腐剂的现场快速检测,提高检测效率和现场检测能力。方法 使用便携式拉曼光谱仪,以银纳米粒子作为表面增强拉曼光谱(surface enhanced raman spectroscopy,SERS)的增强基底,检测化妆品中的苯甲酸和山梨酸钾。结果 苯甲酸和山梨酸分别在 ${1157}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 和 ${871}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 处具有特征拉曼谱峰, 同时进一步研究表明,苯甲酸和山梨酸的浓度与其特征拉曼谱峰强度线性相关,故可实现定量检测,用传统液相色谱法确证,定量结果一致。结论 该 SERS方法具有简单、快速、高效等优点, 有望实现防腐剂的现场快速检测。

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张雯,硕士,助理工程师,研究方向:仪器分析。

庞贝妮,硕士,中级工程师,研究方向:微生物检测。

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*庞贝妮, 硕士, 中级工程师, 研究方向: 微生物检测。E-mail:
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化合物 样品 拉曼位移 $/{\mathrm{{cm}}}^{-1}$ 线性方程 ${R}^{2}$
苯甲酸 液体样本 838 $y ={0.4867x}+ {537.46}$ 0.998
1001 $y ={1.5351x}+ {1399.4}$ 0.9827
1596 $y ={0.548x}+ {490.49}$ 0.9893
固体样本 838 $y ={1.7206x}- {598.72}$ 0.9628
1001 $y ={4.1954x}- {1331.8}$ 0.9586
1596 $y ={1.8422x}- {578.85}$ 0.958
山梨酸 液体样本 1157 $y ={3.2527x}+ {18256}$ 0.9953
1641 $y ={2.544x}+ {14237}$ 0.937
固体样本 1157 $y ={2.5264x}+ {2646.6}$ 0.9736
1641 $y ={1.943x}+ {1357.9}$ 0.9918
水杨酸 液体样本 871 $y ={8591.4x}+ {1562}$ 0.9602
1038 $y ={16306x}+ {7270.1}$ 0.9706
1306 $y ={12157x}+ {3264.7}$ 0.976
固体样本 871 $y ={7399.9x}+ {1506.7}$ 0.9927
1038 $y ={11866x}+ {7303.9}$ 0.9162
1306 $y ={9317x}+ {3769.7}$ 0.9255
), ArticleFig(id=1157042134391067162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157042094486459280, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=拉曼特征峰强度的线性方程及线性相关系数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 样品 拉曼位移 $/{\mathrm{{cm}}}^{-1}$ 线性方程 ${R}^{2}$
苯甲酸 液体样本 838 $y ={0.4867x}+ {537.46}$ 0.998
1001 $y ={1.5351x}+ {1399.4}$ 0.9827
1596 $y ={0.548x}+ {490.49}$ 0.9893
固体样本 838 $y ={1.7206x}- {598.72}$ 0.9628
1001 $y ={4.1954x}- {1331.8}$ 0.9586
1596 $y ={1.8422x}- {578.85}$ 0.958
山梨酸 液体样本 1157 $y ={3.2527x}+ {18256}$ 0.9953
1641 $y ={2.544x}+ {14237}$ 0.937
固体样本 1157 $y ={2.5264x}+ {2646.6}$ 0.9736
1641 $y ={1.943x}+ {1357.9}$ 0.9918
水杨酸 液体样本 871 $y ={8591.4x}+ {1562}$ 0.9602
1038 $y ={16306x}+ {7270.1}$ 0.9706
1306 $y ={12157x}+ {3264.7}$ 0.976
固体样本 871 $y ={7399.9x}+ {1506.7}$ 0.9927
1038 $y ={11866x}+ {7303.9}$ 0.9162
1306 $y ={9317x}+ {3769.7}$ 0.9255
), ArticleFig(id=1157042134458176027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157042094486459280, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Determination of benzoicacid in commercial samples $\left({\mathrm{n}= 3}\right)$, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 拉曼光谱测定法 高效液相色谱法
测定值/% RSD/% 测定值/% RSD/%
样品 1 0.426 7.63 0.449 4.36
样品 2 0.474 8.29 0.416 4.17
样品 3 ND - 0.000615 7.38
样品 4 0.892 5.27 0.897 3.76
样品 5 0.209 10.22 0.208 4.23
样品 6 3.40 4.32 3.15 2.41
样品 7 0.964 4.98 0.908 3.33
样品 8 ND - 0.0240 5.55
样品 9 ND - 0.0856 4.59
样品 10 0.419 6.57 0.399 3.99
), ArticleFig(id=1157042134525284892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157042094486459280, language=CN, label=表 2, caption=市售样品中苯甲酸的测定 $\left({\mathrm{n}= 3}\right)$, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 拉曼光谱测定法 高效液相色谱法
测定值/% RSD/% 测定值/% RSD/%
样品 1 0.426 7.63 0.449 4.36
样品 2 0.474 8.29 0.416 4.17
样品 3 ND - 0.000615 7.38
样品 4 0.892 5.27 0.897 3.76
样品 5 0.209 10.22 0.208 4.23
样品 6 3.40 4.32 3.15 2.41
样品 7 0.964 4.98 0.908 3.33
样品 8 ND - 0.0240 5.55
样品 9 ND - 0.0856 4.59
样品 10 0.419 6.57 0.399 3.99
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样品 拉曼光谱测定法 高效液相色谱法
测定值/% RSD/% 测定值/% RSD/%
样品 11 0.600 4.69 0.574 4.26
样品 12 0.0971 8.46 0.0889 5.36
样品 13 0.456 5.11 0.470 3.71
样品 14 0.398 5.36 0.375 3.26
样品 15 0.421 7.22 0.439 4.02
样品 16 0.258 7.63 0.216 5.20
样品 17 ND - ND -
样品 18 0.0776 9.83 0.0641 6.54
样品 19 ND - 0.00541 6.77
样品 20 ND - ND -
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样品 拉曼光谱测定法 高效液相色谱法
测定值/% RSD/% 测定值/% RSD/%
样品 11 0.600 4.69 0.574 4.26
样品 12 0.0971 8.46 0.0889 5.36
样品 13 0.456 5.11 0.470 3.71
样品 14 0.398 5.36 0.375 3.26
样品 15 0.421 7.22 0.439 4.02
样品 16 0.258 7.63 0.216 5.20
样品 17 ND - ND -
样品 18 0.0776 9.83 0.0641 6.54
样品 19 ND - 0.00541 6.77
样品 20 ND - ND -
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样品 拉曼光谱测定法 高效液相色谱法
测定值/% RSD/% 测定值/% RSD/%
样品 21 0.389 0.246
样品 22 0.546 0.494
样品 23 0.389 0.388
样品 24 0.405 0.390
样品 25 0.251 0.249
样品 26 0.269 0.249
样品 27 0.377 0.362
样品 28 0.254 0.198
样品 29 0.403 0.397
样品 30 0.577 0.483
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测定值/% RSD/% 测定值/% RSD/%
样品 21 0.389 0.246
样品 22 0.546 0.494
样品 23 0.389 0.388
样品 24 0.405 0.390
样品 25 0.251 0.249
样品 26 0.269 0.249
样品 27 0.377 0.362
样品 28 0.254 0.198
样品 29 0.403 0.397
样品 30 0.577 0.483
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表面增强拉曼光谱法快速检测化妆品中防腐剂
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张雯 , 杨莹 , 庞贝妮 *
实验室检测 | 创新应用 2024,2(2): 5-9
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实验室检测 |创新应用 2024 , 2 (2) : 5 -9
表面增强拉曼光谱法快速检测化妆品中防腐剂
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庞贝妮,硕士,中级工程师,研究方向:微生物检测。

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张雯 , 杨莹, 庞贝妮*
作者信息
  • 上海市质量监督检验技术研究院/国家保洁产品质量监督检验中心 上海 200233
通讯作者:
*庞贝妮, 硕士, 中级工程师, 研究方向: 微生物检测。E-mail:
Rapid detection of preservatives in cosmetics by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Wen ZHANG , Ying YANG, Bei-Ni PANG*
Affiliations
  • Shanghai Institute of Quality Inspection and Technical Research, National Institute of Quality Inspection and Research on Cleaning Product Shanghai 200233 China
  • Corresponding Author:
    *PANG Bei-Ni, Master, mid-level engineer, Shanghai Institute of Quality Inspection and Technical Research, National Institute of Quality Inspection and Research on Cleaning Product in Shanghai, Shanghai 200233, China. E-mail:
出版时间: 2024-02-08
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目的 实现化妆品中苯甲酸与山梨酸两种常见防腐剂的现场快速检测,提高检测效率和现场检测能力。方法 使用便携式拉曼光谱仪,以银纳米粒子作为表面增强拉曼光谱(surface enhanced raman spectroscopy,SERS)的增强基底,检测化妆品中的苯甲酸和山梨酸钾。结果 苯甲酸和山梨酸分别在 ${1157}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 和 ${871}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 处具有特征拉曼谱峰, 同时进一步研究表明,苯甲酸和山梨酸的浓度与其特征拉曼谱峰强度线性相关,故可实现定量检测,用传统液相色谱法确证,定量结果一致。结论 该 SERS方法具有简单、快速、高效等优点, 有望实现防腐剂的现场快速检测。

表面增强拉曼光谱  /  便携式拉曼光谱仪  /  防腐剂  /  现场快速检测

Objective: To achieve rapid on-site detection of benzoic acid and sorbic acid, two common preservatives in cosmetics, and improve detection efficiency and on-site detection capabilities. Methods: A portable Raman spectrometer which used silver nanoparticles as the enhancement substrate for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was used to detect benzoic acid and potassium sorbate in cosmetics. Results: Benzoic acid and sorbic acid had characteristic Raman peaks at ${1157}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ and ${871}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$,respectively. Further research showed that the concentrations of benzoic acid and sorbic acid were linearly correlated with the intensity of their characteristic Raman peaks, making quantitative detection possible. This was confirmed by traditional liquid chromatography, and the quantitative results were consistent. Conclusion: This SERS method has the advantages of simplicity, speed, and efficiency, and is expected to achieve rapid on-site detection of preservatives.

surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy  /  portable Raman spectrometer  /  preservative  /  on-site rapid detection
张雯, 杨莹, 庞贝妮. 表面增强拉曼光谱法快速检测化妆品中防腐剂. 实验室检测, 2024 , 2 (2) : 5 -9 .
Wen ZHANG, Ying YANG, Bei-Ni PANG. Rapid detection of preservatives in cosmetics by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy[J]. Laboratory Testing, 2024 , 2 (2) : 5 -9 .
合理使用防腐剂是化妆品生产流通过程中一项非常重要的工程。大部分化妆品由于含有水、油脂、营养成分且开盖后有一段较长的使用时间, 微生物容易滋生繁殖, 也容易因使用不当发生二次污染, 所以须添加一种或多种防腐剂抑制微生物生长, 以延长货架期以及开盖后的使用时间。防止细菌、霉菌等在产品中繁殖,对于维持化妆品品质,保证产品安全性和稳定性,防止其污染、变质至关重要。没有防腐体系的化妆品, 将衍生出更多不确定的风险, 产生出更大的卫生隐患,无法确保产品的安全性[ 1 ]。
目前防腐剂引发皮肤过敏、皮炎的报道较多,研究表明, 防腐剂是仅次于香料导致化妆品过敏性和接触性皮炎的第二大原因 [ 2 - 3 ] 。症状严重者可能引起毛孔堵塞或黏膜慢性中毒,造成光敏反应甚至皮肤癌变[ 4 - 6 ]。滥用或超量使用防腐剂会产生一定的不良反应或毒副作用, 因此各国对化妆品中防腐剂的使用都有检测和监管, 大多通过制定防腐剂准用清单对使用种类、使用范围和用量进行限定。有机酸类防腐剂如苯甲酸、山梨酸和水杨酸使用率普遍较高, 这是因为这类原料较温和, 而且偏酸性, 添加在化妆品中, 更便于产品为弱酸性,更适合人类弱酸型肌肤[ 1 ]。苯甲酸在我国作为防腐剂的最大使用用量为 0.5%,山梨酸为 0.6%,水杨酸为 0.5%,其中水杨酸除香波外,不得用于三岁以下儿童使用的产品中。
目前, 化妆品中防腐剂的主要检测方法有高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC)、液相色谱质谱联用法(liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, LC-MS)、气相色谱质谱联用法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)等[ 7 - 12 ]。这些传统的实验室检测方法所提供的结果大多准确灵敏可靠, 但这些仪器体积大、费用高、检测周期长, 对样品的净化要求苛刻, 并不适用现场的快速定性筛查。基于此,亟需发展一种能够在现场快速方便检测化妆品中防腐剂的技术, 与现有技术形成优势互补。拉曼光谱作为一种指纹光谱技术, 可通过特征峰识别被测分子, 不需要高真空的工作条件, 仪器轻便、操作简单、快速、无损、需样量少,并可提供丰富的指纹结构信息。此外, 根据物质的特征峰强度信息, 还可实现定量分析。而表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)则将 $\mathrm{{Au}}\text{、}\mathrm{{Ag}}\text{、}\mathrm{{Cu}}$ 等贵金属的粗糙表面及其纳米材料作为基底, 通过等离子共振的方式使拉曼光信号增强, 可将信号整体协同增强达 ${10}^{6}\sim {10}^{15}$ ,适用于固、液、气体样品中微量或痕量物质的无损原位、简单、快速检测。SERS 以其高灵敏特性进一步拓宽了拉曼光谱技术在现场快检领域的应用范围, 被广泛应用于食品安全、环境监测、医药化学、刑事侦查等众多现场快检分析领域[ 13 - 17 ]。
SERS 在化妆品中的应用也有报道, 研究主要包括对化妆品中某一特定成分的分析, 化妆品真伪的鉴别, 实时监控化妆品对皮肤的影响等[ 18 - 22 ],但用 SERS 技术研究化妆品中防腐剂尚未见有报道。本文以银纳米粒子作为纳米增强粒子, 利用便携式拉曼光谱仪实现了化妆品中苯甲酸和山梨酸两种防腐剂的定量检测。该方法具有灵敏度高、 操作方便、耗时短的优势, 与现有检测技术形成优势互补, 有望实现化妆品中防腐剂的现场快速检测, 为化妆品防腐剂检测的整套解决方案提供一种思路。
苯甲酸(纯度 99.96%)、山梨酸(纯度 99.50%)、水杨酸 (纯度 98.97%), 购自 Dr.E 公司; 石油醚、无水乙醇、硫酸锌(均为分析纯),购自国药集团化学试剂有限公司;银纳米粒子, 购自上海如海光电科技有限公司。实验用水为超纯水(自制,电阻率为 ${18.2}\mathrm{M}\Omega \cdot \mathrm{{cm}}$ )。
Waterse2695 高效液相色谱仪(带荧光检测器和紫外检测器), 购自美国沃特世公司,
SEED3000 便携式拉曼光谱仪(激发波长为 ${785}\pm {0.5}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ , 检测波长范围为 ${200}\sim {3100}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ ),由上海如海光电科技有限公司提供。
样品准备: 液体样本爽肤水,固体样本维生素 $\mathrm{E}$ 乳, 均为市场购买。准确移取液体样本 $1\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ (固体样本称取1 g),加入 $3\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 石油醚,震荡 $1\mathrm{\;{min}},{4000}\mathrm{r}/\mathrm{{min}}$ 离心 $1\mathrm{\;{min}}$ , 取上清液 $1\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 加入 ${20}\%\mathrm{{乙醇}}1\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ ,上下轻轻颠倒 20 次, ${4000}\mathrm{r}/\mathrm{{min}}$ 离心 ${30}\mathrm{\;s}$ ,下层清液即为待测液。
拉曼测试: 取 ${0.2}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 银纳米粒子,加入 ${0.1}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 待测液,加入 ${0.1}\mathrm{\;{mL}}2\mathrm{\;{mol}}/\mathrm{L}$ 硫酸锌溶液混合均匀后等待约 2 min 信号稳定后测试。采谱窗口 ${400}\sim {1800}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ ,采谱时间 $2\mathrm{\;s}$ ,累积次数2次。
图 1 为两种基质中含不同浓度苯甲酸的 SERS 测试结果。 图 1 (a)为液体样本中 $1 \sim 5\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 苯甲酸的拉曼光谱图, 图 1 (b)为固体样本中 $3 \sim 7\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 苯甲酸的拉曼光谱图,其中苯甲酸浓度为零时的样品作为空白样。如 图 1 所示, 苯甲酸在 ${838}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1},{1001}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 和 ${1596}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 处出现信号相对较强的拉曼特征峰,分别归属于苯基和羧基相连接的 $\mathrm{C}- \mathrm{C}$ 键的伸缩振动、环呼吸振动和苯的简并环伸缩振动。随着苯甲酸浓度的增加, 其特征峰逐渐增强, 而其它成分的特征峰强度不变, 从而消除其余物质对苯甲酸含量检测的干扰。
图 2 为两种基质中含不同浓度山梨酸的 SERS 测试结果。 图 2 (a)为液体样本中 $1 \sim 6\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 山梨酸的拉曼光谱图, 图 2 (b)为固体样本中 $3 \sim {12}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 山梨酸的拉曼光谱图, 其中山梨酸浓度为零时的样品作为空白样。山梨酸具有较强的拉曼信号, ${1157}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 、 ${1387}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 、 ${1641}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 处出现明显的拉曼特征峰,其中 ${1157}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 和 ${1387}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 归属于 $\mathrm{C}- \mathrm{H}$ 变形引起, ${1641}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 归属于 $\mathrm{C}= \mathrm{C}$ 伸缩振动。此外,在上述浓度范围内,山梨酸的浓度与其在 ${1157}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 、 ${1641}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 处拉曼谱峰的强度之间呈现良好的线性关系。这一结果表明 SERS 可用于山梨酸的定量检测。
图 3 为两种基质中含不同浓度水杨酸的 SERS 测试结果。 图 3 (a)为液体样本中 $1 \sim 6\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 水杨酸的拉曼光谱图, 图 3 (b)为固体样本中 $3 \sim {12}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 水杨酸的拉曼光谱图, 其中水杨酸浓度为零时的样品作为空白样。在水杨酸的 SERS 谱图中,在 ${871}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1},{1038}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1},{1306}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 处出现明显的拉曼特征峰。此外, 在上述浓度范围内, 水杨酸的浓度与其在处拉曼谱峰的强度之间呈现良好的线性关系。这一结果表明 SERS 可用于水杨酸的定量检测。
取苯甲酸标准溶液与银纳米粒子按体积比 1:2 混合, 加入 ${0.1}\mathrm{\;{mL}}2\mathrm{\;{mol}}/\mathrm{L}$ 硫酸锌溶液混合均匀后,等待约 $2\mathrm{\;{min}}$ 信号稳定后, 进行拉曼光谱测试。不同浓度的苯甲酸标准溶液的拉曼光谱出峰情况随浓度呈现不同的变化, 以苯甲酸的浓度作为横坐标 $x$ ,拉曼峰强度比作为纵坐标 $y$ ,建立线性方程,见 表 1 ,其中苯甲酸在拉曼位移 ${838}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 、1001cm ${}^{-1}$ 、 ${1596}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 三处拉曼峰强度随浓度变化较为明显,而 ${838}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 处相关系数较好,选择此处作为苯甲酸定量分析的特征峰。此外, 进一步研究还发现, 在上述浓度范围内, 苯甲酸的浓度与其 ${838}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1},{1001}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1},{1596}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 处的拉曼特征峰强度呈现很好的线性关系。这表明该 SERS 方法可用于苯甲酸的定量检测。
同理, 分别取山梨酸、水杨酸标准溶液与银纳米粒子按体积比 1:2 混合,加入 ${0.1}\mathrm{\;{mL}}2\mathrm{\;{mol}}/\mathrm{L}$ 硫酸锌溶液混合均匀后,等待约 $2\mathrm{\;{min}}$ 信号稳定后,进行拉曼光谱测试。 不同浓度的山梨酸和水杨酸标准溶液的拉曼光谱出峰情况略有差异,其中山梨酸在拉曼位移 ${1157}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 、 ${1641}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 两处拉曼峰强度随浓度变化较为明显, 水杨酸在拉曼位移 ${871}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 、 ${1038}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 、 ${1306}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 处拉曼峰强度随浓度变化较为明显,根据相关系数,分别选择 ${1157}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 和 ${871}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 作为山梨酸和水杨酸的定量分析的特征峰。
为考察该方法的稳定性和准确性, 各选取 10 种分别添加了不同浓度苯甲酸、山梨酸和水杨酸的化妆品样品, 采用建立的拉曼光谱测试方法进行测定,并同时按《化妆品安全技术规范》(2015年版)检测方法进行色谱数据确证, 每个样品分别采集三次表面增强拉曼光谱, 结果见表 2,表 3,表 4。
随着近年来国内化妆品行业检测需求的大幅增长,“快检”、“快筛”和“实验室前置”的需求已深入到化妆品行业, 此外, 目前商品化的便携式或手持式拉曼光谱仪高度集成化, 有望用于化妆品行业的实时监控和质量监管。以银纳米粒子作为表面增强拉曼光谱(surface enhanced raman spectroscopy, SERS)的增强基底, 结合便携式拉曼光谱仪, 实现了苯甲酸与山梨酸两种常见防腐剂的现场快速检测。 结果表明苯甲酸和山梨酸分别在 ${1157}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 和 ${871}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 处具有特征拉曼谱峰。同时进一步研究表明,苯甲酸和山梨酸的浓度与其特征拉曼谱峰强度线性相关, 故可实现定量检测可以预见, 随着新型测试方法的开发与仪器性能的完善, 拉曼光谱技术将在现场快检领域内发挥日益重要的作用。

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  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
  • 出版时间:2024-02-08
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    上海市质量监督检验技术研究院/国家保洁产品质量监督检验中心 上海 200233

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*庞贝妮, 硕士, 中级工程师, 研究方向: 微生物检测。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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