Article(id=1157033161310998531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1157016315505500417, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753787802250, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1704643200000, pubDateStr=2024-01-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753787802250, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753787802250, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753787802250, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1157016315505500417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, year='2024', volume='2', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='144', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=0, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1753783785940, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753783966923, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157017074661941313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1157016315505500417, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157017074661941314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1157016315505500417, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=10, endPage=16, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1157033167241744389, articleId=1157033161310998531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, language=EN, title=Uncertainty evaluation for the determination of imidacloprid in Caidian lotus root by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry, columnId=1156641065621906129, journalTitle=Laboratory Testing, columnName=Innovative Applications, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To evaluate the uncertainty evaluation for the determination of imidacloprid in Caidian lotus root by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry. Methods According to GB/T 20769 - 2008 Determination of 450 pesticides and related chemicals residues in fruits and vegetables-Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, the content of imidacloprid in Caidian lotus root was determined and the mathematical model was built. According to the provisions of JJF 1135-2005 Evaluation of measurement uncertainty in chemical analysis and JJF 10591-2012 Technical specification for evaluation and representation of measurement uncertainty, the uncertainty was quantified by scientific analysis, and the extended uncertainty of imidacloprid content in Caidian lotus root was finally calculated. Results When the residue imidacloprid in Caidian lotus root was ${0.322}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ , the relative standard synthetic uncertainty was 0.08689 and the expanded uncertainty was ${0.0560}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ . The determination results were  $\left({{0.322}\pm {0.0560}}\right)\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{kg}},P ={95}\%, k = 2$ . Conclusion The main sources of uncertainty in the determination of imidacloprid in Caidian lotus root by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry are the preparation of standard solution, sample pretreatment and measurement process of the measuring instrument.

, correspAuthors=Juan-Juan PEI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*PEI Juan-Juan, Master, Engineer, Caidian Public Inspection and Detection Center, Wuhan 430070, China. E-mail:
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目的 评定超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱法测定蔡甸莲藕中吡虫啉含量的不确定度。方法 按照 GB/T 20769-2008《水果和蔬菜中 450 种农药及相关化学品残留量的测定液相色谱-串联质谱法》对蔡甸莲藕中吡虫啉含量进行测定,构建数学模型,根据JJF 1135-2005《化学分析测量不确定度评定》和 JJF1059.1-2012《测量不确定度评定与表示技术规范》的规定,科学分析量化不确定度,最终计算出蔡甸莲藕中吡虫啉含量的扩展不确定度。结果 当蔡甸莲藕中吡虫啉含量为 ${0.322}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ 时,相对标准合成不确定度为 0.08689,扩展不确定度为 ${0.0560}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ ,蔡甸莲藕中吡虫啉含量表示为 $X=\left({{0.322}\pm {0.0560}}\right)\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ $\left({P ={95}\%, k = 2}\right)$结论 超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱法测定蔡甸莲藕中吡虫啉含量的不确定度主要来源为标准溶液配制、样品前处理操作和检测仪器测量过程。

, correspAuthors=裴娟娟, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*裴娟娟, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品质量与安全检测。E-mail:
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裴娟娟,硕士,工程师,主要研究方向为食品质量与安全检测。

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Progress Nucl Energy , 2022 . 143 ): 104055 ., articleTitle=Uncertainty evaluation of the ARSAC reflood model with Bayesian calibration, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1157033176641179660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157033161310998531, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1157033176775397389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157033161310998531, companyId=1157033176641179660, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Caidian Public Inspection and Detection Center Wuhan 430070 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1157033176930586638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157033161310998531, companyId=1157033176641179660, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=湖北省武汉市蔡甸区公共检验检测中心 武汉 430070)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1157033186833338499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157033161310998531, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Gradient elution program, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/min 流动相/%
A B
0 95 5
0.5 95 5
1 5 95
2.5 5 95
3 95 5
4 95 5
), ArticleFig(id=1157033187571536010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157033161310998531, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=梯度程序, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/min 流动相/%
A B
0 95 5
0.5 95 5
1 5 95
2.5 5 95
3 95 5
4 95 5
), ArticleFig(id=1157033187726725261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157033161310998531, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Main mass spectrometric parameters of imidacloprid, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物名称 吡虫啉
母离子 256.1 256.1
子离子 209.1 175.1
Dwell 40 40
电压/V 90 90
碰撞能量/eV 13 5
4 21 5
), ArticleFig(id=1157033188246818970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157033161310998531, language=CN, label=表 2, caption=吡虫啉的主要质谱参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物名称 吡虫啉
母离子 256.1 256.1
子离子 209.1 175.1
Dwell 40 40
电压/V 90 90
碰撞能量/eV 13 5
4 21 5
), ArticleFig(id=1157033188435562655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157033161310998531, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=Uncertainty evaluation of standard solution dilution process, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
来源 体积 使用次数 液体 不确定度 $\left({k = 2}\right)$ 体积引入的 ${u}_{\mathrm{{rel}}}V$ 温度体积膨胀系数 ${l}^{\circ }{\mathrm{C}}^{-1}$ 温度引入的 ${u}_{\mathrm{{rel}}}T$
容量瓶 10 mL 6 甲醇 ${0.001}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 0.00005 ${1.2}\times {10}^{-3}$ 0.008483
(10~100) µL ${50\mu }\mathrm{L}$ 1 甲醇 1.5 0.0075 ${1.2}\times {10}^{-3}$ 0.003464
移液器 ${100\mu }\mathrm{L}$ 1 甲醇 1.0 0.005 ${1.2}\times {10}^{-3}$ 0.003464
(100~1000) µL ${500\mu }\mathrm{L}$ 1 甲醇 0.5 0.0025 ${1.2}\times {10}^{-3}$ 0.003464
移液器 ${1000\mu }\mathrm{L}$ 1 甲醇 0.5 0.0025 ${1.2}\times {10}^{-3}$ 0.003464
(1000~5000) µL ${1000\mu }\mathrm{L}$ 2 甲醇 0.5 0.003553 ${1.2}\times {10}^{-3}$ 0.004898
移液器 ${5000\mu }\mathrm{L}$ 1 甲醇 0.3 0.0025 ${1.2}\times {10}^{-3}$ 0.003464
), ArticleFig(id=1157033188657860773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157033161310998531, language=CN, label=表 3, caption=标准溶液稀释过程引入的不确定度, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
来源 体积 使用次数 液体 不确定度 $\left({k = 2}\right)$ 体积引入的 ${u}_{\mathrm{{rel}}}V$ 温度体积膨胀系数 ${l}^{\circ }{\mathrm{C}}^{-1}$ 温度引入的 ${u}_{\mathrm{{rel}}}T$
容量瓶 10 mL 6 甲醇 ${0.001}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 0.00005 ${1.2}\times {10}^{-3}$ 0.008483
(10~100) µL ${50\mu }\mathrm{L}$ 1 甲醇 1.5 0.0075 ${1.2}\times {10}^{-3}$ 0.003464
移液器 ${100\mu }\mathrm{L}$ 1 甲醇 1.0 0.005 ${1.2}\times {10}^{-3}$ 0.003464
(100~1000) µL ${500\mu }\mathrm{L}$ 1 甲醇 0.5 0.0025 ${1.2}\times {10}^{-3}$ 0.003464
移液器 ${1000\mu }\mathrm{L}$ 1 甲醇 0.5 0.0025 ${1.2}\times {10}^{-3}$ 0.003464
(1000~5000) µL ${1000\mu }\mathrm{L}$ 2 甲醇 0.5 0.003553 ${1.2}\times {10}^{-3}$ 0.004898
移液器 ${5000\mu }\mathrm{L}$ 1 甲醇 0.3 0.0025 ${1.2}\times {10}^{-3}$ 0.003464
), ArticleFig(id=1157033188792078507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157033161310998531, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=Repeatability test results $\left({n = 6}\right)$, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测量次数 1 2 3 4 5 6 平均值 标准偏差
样品中吡虫啉含量 $/\left({\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{kg}}}\right)$ 0.0511 0.0534 0.0515 0.0532 0.0512 0.0509 0.0519 0.0011
), ArticleFig(id=1157033189005988018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157033161310998531, language=CN, label=表 4, caption=重复测量结果 $\left({n = 6}\right)$, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测量次数 1 2 3 4 5 6 平均值 标准偏差
样品中吡虫啉含量 $/\left({\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{kg}}}\right)$ 0.0511 0.0534 0.0515 0.0532 0.0512 0.0509 0.0519 0.0011
), ArticleFig(id=1157033189442195644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157033161310998531, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=Recovery results $\left({n = 6}\right)$, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Table $\supset$Accover
测量次数 1 2 3 4 5 6 平均值 标准偏差
回收率/% 94.5 95.7 94.1 96.2 95.4 94.9 95.1 0.782
), ArticleFig(id=1157033189798711495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157033161310998531, language=CN, label=表 5, caption=回收率结果 $\left({n = 6}\right)$, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Table $\supset$Accover
测量次数 1 2 3 4 5 6 平均值 标准偏差
回收率/% 94.5 95.7 94.1 96.2 95.4 94.9 95.1 0.782
), ArticleFig(id=1157033190142644429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157033161310998531, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=Subscale of relative standard uncertainty, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
不确定度来源 标准溶液配制 样品前处理操作 校正曲线拟合 检测仪器 测量重复性 测量回收率
表示符号 ${u}_{\text{rel }}\left( 1\right)$ ${u}_{\mathrm{{rel}}}\left( 2\right)$ ${u}_{\text{rel }}\left( 3\right)$ ${u}_{\text{rel }}\left( 4\right)$ ${u}_{\text{rel }}\left( 5\right)$ ${u}_{\text{rel }}\left( 6\right)$
相对标准不确定度 0.02994 0.04073 0.002571 0.07 0.00878 0.00335
), ArticleFig(id=1157033190583046358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157033161310998531, language=CN, label=表 6, caption=相对标准不确定度各分量表, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
不确定度来源 标准溶液配制 样品前处理操作 校正曲线拟合 检测仪器 测量重复性 测量回收率
表示符号 ${u}_{\text{rel }}\left( 1\right)$ ${u}_{\mathrm{{rel}}}\left( 2\right)$ ${u}_{\text{rel }}\left( 3\right)$ ${u}_{\text{rel }}\left( 4\right)$ ${u}_{\text{rel }}\left( 5\right)$ ${u}_{\text{rel }}\left( 6\right)$
相对标准不确定度 0.02994 0.04073 0.002571 0.07 0.00878 0.00335
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超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱法测定蔡甸莲藕中吡虫啉含量的不确定度评定
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裴娟娟 * , 杨惠 , 陈玲
实验室检测 | 创新应用 2024,2(1): 10-16
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实验室检测 | 创新应用 2024, 2(1): 10-16
超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱法测定蔡甸莲藕中吡虫啉含量的不确定度评定
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裴娟娟* , 杨惠, 陈玲
作者信息
  • 湖北省武汉市蔡甸区公共检验检测中心 武汉 430070
  • 裴娟娟,硕士,工程师,主要研究方向为食品质量与安全检测。

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*裴娟娟, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品质量与安全检测。E-mail:
Uncertainty evaluation for the determination of imidacloprid in Caidian lotus root by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry
Juan-Juan PEI*
Affiliations
  • Caidian Public Inspection and Detection Center Wuhan 430070 China
出版时间: 2024-01-08
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目的 评定超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱法测定蔡甸莲藕中吡虫啉含量的不确定度。方法 按照 GB/T 20769-2008《水果和蔬菜中 450 种农药及相关化学品残留量的测定液相色谱-串联质谱法》对蔡甸莲藕中吡虫啉含量进行测定,构建数学模型,根据JJF 1135-2005《化学分析测量不确定度评定》和 JJF1059.1-2012《测量不确定度评定与表示技术规范》的规定,科学分析量化不确定度,最终计算出蔡甸莲藕中吡虫啉含量的扩展不确定度。结果 当蔡甸莲藕中吡虫啉含量为 ${0.322}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ 时,相对标准合成不确定度为 0.08689,扩展不确定度为 ${0.0560}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ ,蔡甸莲藕中吡虫啉含量表示为 $X=\left({{0.322}\pm {0.0560}}\right)\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ $\left({P ={95}\%, k = 2}\right)$结论 超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱法测定蔡甸莲藕中吡虫啉含量的不确定度主要来源为标准溶液配制、样品前处理操作和检测仪器测量过程。

超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱法  /  蔡甸莲藕  /  吡虫啉  /  不确定度

Objective To evaluate the uncertainty evaluation for the determination of imidacloprid in Caidian lotus root by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry. Methods According to GB/T 20769 - 2008 Determination of 450 pesticides and related chemicals residues in fruits and vegetables-Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, the content of imidacloprid in Caidian lotus root was determined and the mathematical model was built. According to the provisions of JJF 1135-2005 Evaluation of measurement uncertainty in chemical analysis and JJF 10591-2012 Technical specification for evaluation and representation of measurement uncertainty, the uncertainty was quantified by scientific analysis, and the extended uncertainty of imidacloprid content in Caidian lotus root was finally calculated. Results When the residue imidacloprid in Caidian lotus root was ${0.322}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ , the relative standard synthetic uncertainty was 0.08689 and the expanded uncertainty was ${0.0560}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ . The determination results were  $\left({{0.322}\pm {0.0560}}\right)\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{kg}},P ={95}\%, k = 2$ . Conclusion The main sources of uncertainty in the determination of imidacloprid in Caidian lotus root by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry are the preparation of standard solution, sample pretreatment and measurement process of the measuring instrument.

ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry  /  Caidian lotus root  /  imidacloprid  /  uncertainty evaluation
裴娟娟, 杨惠, 陈玲. 超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱法测定蔡甸莲藕中吡虫啉含量的不确定度评定. 实验室检测, 2024 , 2 (1) : 10 -16 .
Juan-Juan PEI. Uncertainty evaluation for the determination of imidacloprid in Caidian lotus root by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry[J]. Laboratory Testing, 2024 , 2 (1) : 10 -16 .
莲藕, 又名芙蓉、藕等, 睡莲科植物根茎, 一种常见的水生蔬菜 [ 1 - 2 ] 。蔡甸种植莲藕历史悠久, 被誉为“中国莲藕之乡”, 莲藕种植面积达 14 万亩 [ 2 - 3 ] 。“蔡甸莲藕”以其外观通长肥硕、 质细白嫩、藕丝绵长、口味香甜、生脆少渣、 营养丰富, 食药两宜的特性, 被武汉市列为农业优势品种 [ 1 - 9 ]
根据现有记载资料发现莲藕生长过程中病虫害较多,其中莲缢管蚜是莲藕生产中的主要害虫之一, 莲藕叶片、叶芽、花蕾等经该蚜虫刺吸汁液后, 会导致叶片枯黄, 花蕾凋谢, 莲藕减产[ 9 - 13 ]。吡虫啉, 一种登记农药, 属于烟碱类超高效杀虫剂, 主要针对莲藕的莲缢管蚜, 该药持久期长, 对人类和哺乳动物会产生慢性毒理效应和一定的神经毒性 [ 14 - 15 ] 。GB 2763-2021《食品国家安全标准 食品中农药最大残留限量》规定吡虫啉的每日允许摄入量 (acceptable daily intake, ADI) 为 ${0.06}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ bw, 吡虫啉在莲藕中的最大残留限量为 0.05 $\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ ,但目前食品安全抽检中仍然有不少莲藕样品中的吡虫啉含量超限, 所以保证检测结果的可靠性具有重要意义。
测量不确定度简称不确定度, 是指根据所用到的信息, 表征赋予被测量值分散性的非负参数, 是判断检测结果是否真实有效的一个常用的度量参数, 计算出的数值越小, 代表其准确性和可靠性越高 [ 16 - 20 ] 。本研究以 JJF 1059.1-2012《测量不确定度评定与表示》和 GB/T 20769-2008《水果和蔬菜中 450 种农药及相关化学品残留量的测定 液相色谱-串联质谱法》为依据, 分析研究超高效液相色谱- 串联四极杆质谱法测定莲藕中吡虫啉含量的不确定度评定。明确整个检验检测过程中对检测结果产生影响的主要因素, 以期为莲藕中吡虫啉含量检测结果的可靠性提供数据支撑。
蔡甸莲藕 (购于菜场, 实验室自制成阳性样品)。
乙腈(色谱纯,美国 Tedia 公司);甲酸(色谱纯,上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司); 吡虫啉标准物质 (天津阿尔塔科技有限公司)。
ME203E/02 电子天平[梅特勒-托利多仪器 (上海) 公司]; 1290 Infinity II - Agilent 6470B 高效液相色谱串联质谱仪(美国安捷伦科技有限公司)。
标准工作溶液制备 $\left({{1\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}}\right)$ : 取标准储备溶液 $1\mathrm{{mL}}$${100}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 容量瓶内,加入甲醇溶液定容, 摇晃均匀, 备用。
标准系列工作曲线的制备: 移液器分别移取 50、100、500、1000、2000、5000μL 的 1 $\mu \mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 标准工作溶液于 ${10}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 容量瓶中,用基质液定容至刻度,得到5、10、50、100、200 和 ${500}\mathrm{{ng}}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 的系列基质标准工作溶液,备用。
按照 GB/T 20769-2008《水果和蔬菜中 450 种农药及相关化学品残留量的测定 液相色谱-串联质谱法》规定对蔡甸莲藕样品进行前处理。
色谱条件: 色谱柱: Agilent RRHD Eclipse Plus ${\mathrm{C}}_{18}$ ( ${2.1}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times {50}\mathrm{\;{mm}},{1.8\mu }\mathrm{m}$ ); 流动相: A 为 ${0.1}\%$ 甲酸水, B 为乙腈;流速: ${0.3}\mathrm{\;{mL}}/\mathrm{{min}}$ ; 柱温: ${35}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ ; 进样量 ${1\mu }\mathrm{L}$ 。梯度程序如 表 1
质谱条件:离子源:电喷雾;极性:正离子扫描;扫描类型:动态多反应监测模式;气体温度: ${325}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ ; 电喷雾压: ${3500}\mathrm{\;V}$ ; 雾化器气体:35 psi;干燥气 (氮气) 流速:8 L/min; 鞘气温度:350°C;鞘气流速:11L/min;喷嘴电压: ${500}\mathrm{\;V}$
“蔡甸莲藕”中吡虫啉计算如公式(1)。
${X}_{i}= \left({{C}_{i}- {C}_{0}}\right)\times \frac{V}{m}\times \frac{1000}{1000}$
式中: ${X}_{i}$ 为被测蔡甸莲藕样品中吡虫啉含量, $\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{kg}};{C}_{i}$ 为从标准工作曲线得到的蔡甸莲藕样品溶液中吡虫啉的质量浓度, $\mu \mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ ; ${C}_{0}$ 为从标准工作曲线得到的空白样品溶液中吡虫啉的质量浓度, $\mu \mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}};V$ 为蔡甸莲藕样品最终定容体积, $\mathrm{{mL}};m$ 为蔡甸莲藕样品质量, $\mathrm{g}$
根据数学模型可知, 高效液相色谱质谱法测定蔡甸莲藕中吡虫啉含量的测量不确定度来源主要是:标准溶液配制、样品前处理操作、 校正曲线拟合、检测仪器、测量重复性、回收率。
根据标准品证书提供信息, 吡虫啉标准品的浓度为 ${100\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ ,纯度 ${99.9}\%$ ,相对扩展不确定度为 $3\%\left({k = 2}\right)$ ,则因标准物质纯度引入的相对标准不确定度如公式 (2)。
${u}_{\text{rel }\left({1a}\right)} =\frac{\text{ 相对扩展不确定度 }}{\text{ 扩展因子 }}= \frac{3\%}{2}= {0.015}$
按照校准证书提供信息, $\left({{100}\sim {1000}}\right)\mu \mathrm{L}$ 移液器校准点为 ${1000\mu }\mathrm{L}$ 时,允许误差为 $\pm {1.0}\%$ ,不确定度为 ${0.5}\%\left({k = 2}\right)$ ,则标准工作液配制时 $\left({{100}\sim {1000}}\right)\mathrm{{\mu L}}$ 移液器引入的相对标准不确定度如公式 ( 3 )。
${u}_{{rel}\left(\mathrm{{1b}}\right)} =\frac{\text{ 相对扩展不确定度 }}{\text{ 扩展因子 }}= \frac{{0.5}\%}{2}= {0.0025}$
按照校准证书提供信息, ${10}\mathrm{{mL}}$ 容量瓶不确定度为 ${0.01}\mathrm{\;{mL}}\left({k = 2}\right)$ ,则标准工作液配制时 ${10}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 容量瓶引入的相对标准不确定度如公式 (4)。
${u}_{{rel}\left(\mathrm{{1c}}\right)} =\frac{\text{ 扩展不确定度 }}{\text{ 标称值 }\times \text{ 扩展因子 }}= \frac{0.01}{{10}\times 2}= {0.0005}$
按照校准证书, 标准系列工作曲线配制过程中所使用的容量瓶与移液器的各相对标准不确定度分量如 表 3 所示。
容量瓶定容和移液器移取液体时甲醇的体积都会受到温度的影响而发生变化, 当温度为 $\left({{20}\pm 5}\right){}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 时,甲醇的体积膨胀系数为 ${1.2}\times {10}^{-3}{}^{\circ }{\mathrm{C}}^{-1}$ ,假设其为均匀分布,容量瓶与移液器温度引入的相对标准不确定度分量如 表 3 所示。 标准系列工作曲线配制引入的相对标准不确定度 ${u}_{\mathrm{{rel}}}\left(\mathrm{{1d}}\right)$ 如公式(5)。
${u}_{\text{rel }\left(\mathrm{{1d}}\right)} =\sqrt{\begin{array}{l} 6 \times {0.00005}^{2}+ {0.0075}^{2}+ {0.005}^{2}+ 3 \times {0.0025}^{2}+ 2 \times {0.003553}^{2}\\+ 2 \times {0.004898}^{2}+ 5 \times {0.003464}^{2}+ 6 \times {0.008483}^{2}\end{array}}= {0.02579}$
所以标准溶液配制引入的相对标准不确定
${u}_{\mathrm{{rel}}\left( 1\right)}$ 如公式 (6)。
${u}_{{rel}\left( 1\right)} =\sqrt{{u}_{{rel}\left({1\mathrm{a}}\right)}^{2}+ {u}_{{rel}\left({1\mathrm{\;b}}\right)}^{2}+ {u}_{{rel}\left({1\mathrm{c}}\right)}^{2}+ {u}_{{rel}\left({1\mathrm{\;d}}\right)}^{2}}= {0.02994}$
样品称样量为 ${20.00}\mathrm{\;g}$ ,校准证书提供不确定度 $U ={0.003}\mathrm{\;g}\left({k = 2}\right)$ ,则分析天平称取样品引入的测量不确定度如公式 ( 7 )。
${u}_{\text{rel }\left({2a}\right)} =\frac{\text{ 不确定度 }}{\text{ 标准值 × 扩展因子 }}= \frac{0.003}{{20}\times 2}= {0.0000}$
在量取溶液的整个过程中使用了 ${50}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 量筒两次和 $\left({{100}\sim {1000}}\right)\mathrm{{\mu L}}$ 移液器一次。
按照校准证书提供信息, $\left({{100}\sim {1000}}\right)\mu \mathrm{L}$ 移液器校准点为 ${1000\mu }\mathrm{L}$ 时,允许误差为 $\pm {1.0}\%$ ,不确定度为 ${0.5}\%\left({k = 2}\right);{50}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 量筒不确定度 $u ={0.15}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ ( $k = 2$ )。
量筒和移液器移取乙腈时的体积都会受到温度的影响而发生变化, 实验室环境温度在 ${\left({20}\pm 5\right)}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 内波动, $k = 3$ ,乙腈的膨胀系数为 ${1.37}\times {10}^{-3}{}^{\circ }{\mathrm{C}}^{-1}$
量取溶液引入的测量不确定度 ${u}_{\mathrm{{rel}}}\left({2\mathrm{\;b}}\right)$ 如公式 (8)。
${u}_{\text{rel }\left({2b}\right)} =\sqrt{{\left(\frac{{0.5}\%}{2}\right)}^{2}+ 2 \times {\left(\frac{0.15}{{50}\times 2}\right)}^{2}+ 3 \times {\left(\frac{5 \times {1.37}\times {10}^{3}}{\sqrt{3}}\right)}^{2}}= {0.04071}$
所以样品前处理操作引入的相对标准不
确定度 ${u}_{\mathrm{{rel}}\left( 2\right)}$ 如公式 (9)。
${u}_{{rel}\left( 2\right)} =\sqrt{{u}_{rel}^{2}{}_{\left( 2\mathrm{a}\right)} +{u}_{rel}{}_{\left( 2\mathrm{\;b}\right)}^{2}}= {0.04073}$
配制浓度为 5、10、50、100、200 和 500 $\mathrm{{ng}}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 的系列基质标准工作溶液,各浓度的标准工作溶液进行 1 次测定, 以浓度为横坐标, 响应值为纵坐标, 得到线性回归方程为 $y ={1381x}+ {1249.4},{r}^{2}= {0.9999}$ 。对蔡甸莲藕样品进行 3 次测定,根据校正曲线得到 ${x}_{0}= {80.5}$ $\mathrm{{ng}}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ ,校正曲线拟合引入的相对标准不确定度可由以公式 (10) 得到。
${u}_{{rel}\left( 3\right)} =\frac{s}{b \times {x}_{0}}\sqrt{\frac{1}{p}+ \frac{1}{n}+ \frac{{\left({x}_{0}- \bar{x}\right)}^{2}}{\mathop{\sum }\limits_{{i = 1}}^{n}{\left({x}_{i}- \bar{x}\right)}^{2}}}$
其中: $s$ 为峰面积标准偏差; $n$ 为标准工作溶液测定次数, $n = 6;{x}_{\mathrm{i}}$ 为标准溶液浓度, $\mathrm{n}$ $\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}};b$ 为标准曲线斜率 $b ={1381};p$ 为试样测定次数 $p = 3;{x}_{0}$ 为蔡甸莲藕样品中吡虫啉的含量, $\mathrm{{ng}}/\mathrm{{mL}},{x}_{0}= {80.5}\mathrm{{ng}}/\mathrm{{mL}};\bar{x}$ 为标准工作溶液浓度平均值, $\mathrm{{ng}}/\mathrm{{mL}},\bar{x}= {147.17}\mathrm{{ng}}/\mathrm{{mL}}$
则根据具体数值,得出 $s ={395.34}$ ,则 ${u}_{\mathrm{{rel}}}\left( 3\right)$ $={0.002571}$
仪器根据 JJF 1317-2011《液相色谱-质谱联用仪校准规范》进行校准, 查询校准证书, 给出的信噪比相对标准不确定度为 14%( $k = 2$ ),则仪器测量引入的不确定度如公式 (11)。
${u}_{{rel}\left( 4\right)} =\frac{\text{ 相对扩展不确定度 }}{\text{ 扩展因子 }}= \frac{{14}\%}{2}= {0.07}$
对吡虫啉含量为 ${0.05}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ 的蔡甸莲藕样品进行重复试验, 具体操作方式是同一试验人员在同一试验条件下称取“蔡甸莲藕”样品 6 份, 完全按照标准方法要求提取净化后上机分析 (所使用的试剂和耗材均为同一批次), 得到的结果如下 表 4
则测量重复性引入的相对标准不确定度 ${u}_{\mathrm{{rel}}}\left( 5\right)$ 如公式 (12)。
${u}_{{rel}\left( 5\right)} =\frac{S}{\sqrt{n}\times \bar{X}}= \frac{0.0011}{\sqrt{6}\times {0.0519}}= {0.00878}$
测量回收率是考察样品前处理过程所引入的不确定度的有效评定方法之一。对添加水平为 ${10\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ 的蔡甸莲藕样品进行 6 次平行重复测定, 吡虫啉的加标回收率见 表 5
则测量回收率引入的相对标准不确定度 ${u}_{\mathrm{{rel}}}\left( 6\right)$ 如公式 (13)。
${u}_{\text{rel }\left( 6\right)} =\frac{S}{\sqrt{n}\times \bar{X}}= \frac{0.782}{\sqrt{6}\times {95.1}}= {0.00335}$
综合以上结果, 相对标准不确定度来源及分量见 表 6 。对表中的不确定度分量进行合成, 得到相对标准合成不确定度如公式 (14)。
${u}_{rel}= \sqrt{{u}_{rel}^{2}{}_{\left( 1\right)} +{u}_{rel}^{2}{}_{\left( 2\right)} +{u}_{rel}^{2}{}_{\left( 3\right)} +{u}_{rel}^{2}{}_{\left( 4\right)} +{u}_{rel}^{2}{}_{\left( 5\right)} +{u}_{rel}^{2}{}_{\left( 6\right)}}= {0.08689}$
根据 JJF1059.1—2012《测量不确定度评定与表示》的相关规定,取置信度 $P ={95}\%$ , 则 $k = 2$ 则扩展不确定度如公式 (15)。
$ U ={u}_{\text{rel }}\times X \times k ={0.0560}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$
则蔡甸莲藕样品中吡虫啉含结果可表示为: $X =\left({{0.322}\pm {0.0560}}\right)\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{kg}}, P ={95}\%, k = 2$
本研究按照 GB/T 20769-2008 对蔡甸莲藕中吡虫啉含量进行了详细的测定, 分析研究了不确定度 6 个方面的来源: 标准溶液配制、 样品前处理操作、校正曲线拟合、检测仪器测量、重复性测量、回收率;并评定了这些主要因素对实验结果的影响程度。结果显示标准溶液配制、样品前处理操作和超高效液相色谱- 串联四极杆质仪测量对不确定度的贡献较大, 校正曲线拟合、重复性测量和回收率对不确定度的影响也不容忽视。因此在日常检验检测的过程中要严格按照标准规定的方法和步骤进行操作;严格把控好标准溶液配制过程以确保标准溶液配制的准确性; 并且要及时做好仪器设备的维护保养、期间核查以及校准检定, 从而确保检验检测结果准确可靠, 降低出现误判的风险。
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  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
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    湖北省武汉市蔡甸区公共检验检测中心 武汉 430070

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*裴娟娟, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品质量与安全检测。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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