首页 期刊 论文 学科刊群 资讯 加盟 关于
EN
image
Article(id=1157017140910969058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1157017136368541764, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753783982731, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1707321600000, pubDateStr=2024-02-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753783982731, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753783982731, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753783982731, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1157017136368541764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, year='2024', volume='2', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='129', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1707321600000', pubDateStr='2024-02-08', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753783981649, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1784685058336, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1286625645979484234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1157017136368541764, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1286625645979484235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1157017136368541764, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=88, endPage=93, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1157017141988905201, articleId=1157017140910969058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, language=EN, title=Analysis and risk assessment of pesticide in fruits and vegetables for primary and secondary school students in Qingpu District, Shanghai, columnId=1156641066674676444, journalTitle=Laboratory Testing, columnName=Evaluation and Analysis, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the pesticide residue of fruits and vegetables in Qingpu District of Shanghai, Valuate the risk assessment of pesticide residues in primary and middle school students in Qingpu district. Methods From 2021 to 2022, 252 fruits and vegetables from 7 towns in Qingpu District of Shanghai were collected, and 46 pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables were detected by LC/MS. The acute and chronic dietary exposure risks of primary and secondary school students in Qingpu District of Shanghai was assessed using the results of pesticide residue detection, combined with food consumption in the dietary nutrient intake survey of Qingpu students. Results 15 pesticides of all total 46 pesticides were detected, 12 pesticides exceeded the standard, the highest detection rate was tthiamethoxam (29.76%), the highest exceeding rate was clothianidin (27.78%). Among the 6 kinds of fruits and vegetables, the highest detection rate was strawberry (88.10%), and the highest o exceeding rate was solanaceae (76.19%). The dietary exposure results showed that the acute exposure risks (acute hazardquotient) of methamidophos and dichlorvos weir 562% and 452% respectively, the chronic exposure risk (chronic hazardquotient) of dichlorvos was 434%, and the dietary acute chronic exposure risks of other pesticides were less than 100%. Conclusion There are pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables in Qingpu District of Shanghai. The dietary exposure risk of methamphetamine and dichlorvos in fruits and vegetables is high, which should be paid attention to by the regulatory authorities. The dietary exposure risk of other pesticides is low, but the high detection rate and over-standard rate of fruits and vegetables should be paid attention to.

, authors=null, authorsList=Yong-Qing DIAO, Yang YANG, Xi YU, Yan SHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yan SHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1157017142278312179, articleId=1157017140910969058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, language=CN, title=上海市青浦区中小学生农药膳食暴露风险评估, columnId=1152194691782505406, journalTitle=实验室检测, columnName=评价与分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 了解上海市青浦区水果蔬菜中农药残留水平,评估青浦区中小学生饮食中农药残留暴露风险。方法 2021-2022年采集上海市青浦区7个街镇的水果、蔬菜及农产品252份,采用液相色谱-质谱联用技术对果蔬中46种农药残留进行检测。根据膳食调查所得的食品消费数据,对上海市青浦区中小学生急性和慢性膳食暴露风险进行评估。结果 46种农药中共有15种农药有检出,12种农药检测值超卫生限值,检出率最高的是农药噻虫嗪(29.76%),超标率最高的农药是噻虫胺(27.78%)。6种果蔬中,农药检出率最高的是草莓(88.10%),超标率最高的是番茄(76.19%)。在所有检测到的农药中,甲胺磷和敌敌畏的急性暴露风险(Acute Hazardquotient)分别为562%和452%,敌敌畏的慢性暴露风险(Chronic Hazardquotient)为434%,其他农药的膳食急性、慢性暴露风险均小于100%。结论 上海市青浦区水果蔬菜中存在农药残留,其中甲胺磷和敌敌畏的膳食暴露风险较高,应引起监管部门的高度重视。其他农药的膳食暴露风险较低,但农产品的高检出率和超标率应引起重视。

, authors=

刁永卿,男,本科,主管技师,主要从事工作:分析化学、风险评估。

沈燕,女,本科,主管技师,主要从事工作:分析化学。E-mail: anshen41@163.com

, authorsList=刁永卿, 杨洋, 郁晞, 沈燕, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=沈燕, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=Yfk9cjg1bJgeE1T18kVUGQ==, magXml=rpfsN1qXWU3rdxYNxulc+Q==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=VtWuITZYBDICWnWuEWXu6w==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=FmHI45Www8k3hG2TjMOfQQ==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1157042104611509195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1157042104707978190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, authorId=1157042104611509195, language=EN, stringName=Yong-Qing DIAO, firstName=Yong-Qing, middleName=null, lastName=DIAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Qingpu Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shanghai 201700 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1157042104762504144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, authorId=1157042104611509195, language=CN, stringName=刁永卿, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=上海市青浦区疾病预防控制中心 上海 201700, bio={"content":"

刁永卿,男,本科,主管技师,主要从事工作:分析化学、风险评估。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

刁永卿,男,本科,主管技师,主要从事工作:分析化学、风险评估。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1157042104531817413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1157042104536011718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, companyId=1157042104531817413, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Qingpu Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shanghai 201700 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1157042104544400327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, companyId=1157042104531817413, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=上海市青浦区疾病预防控制中心 上海 201700)])]), Author(id=1157042104829613010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1157042105722999764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, authorId=1157042104829613010, language=EN, stringName=Yang YANG, firstName=Yang, middleName=null, lastName=YANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Qingpu Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shanghai 201700 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1157042105781720021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, authorId=1157042104829613010, language=CN, stringName=杨洋, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=上海市青浦区疾病预防控制中心 上海 201700, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1157042104531817413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1157042104536011718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, companyId=1157042104531817413, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Qingpu Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shanghai 201700 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1157042104544400327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, companyId=1157042104531817413, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=上海市青浦区疾病预防控制中心 上海 201700)])]), Author(id=1157042105857217495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1157042105928520666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, authorId=1157042105857217495, language=EN, stringName=Xi YU, firstName=Xi, middleName=null, lastName=YU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Qingpu Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shanghai 201700 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1157042106012406747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, authorId=1157042105857217495, language=CN, stringName=郁晞, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=上海市青浦区疾病预防控制中心 上海 201700, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1157042104531817413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1157042104536011718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, companyId=1157042104531817413, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Qingpu Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shanghai 201700 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1157042104544400327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, companyId=1157042104531817413, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=上海市青浦区疾病预防控制中心 上海 201700)])]), Author(id=1157042106100487133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=anshen41@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1157042106763187170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, authorId=1157042106100487133, language=EN, stringName=Yan SHEN, firstName=Yan, middleName=null, lastName=SHEN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=*, address=Qingpu Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shanghai 201700 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1157042106872239076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, authorId=1157042106100487133, language=CN, stringName=沈燕, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=*, address=上海市青浦区疾病预防控制中心 上海 201700, bio={"content":"

沈燕,女,本科,主管技师,主要从事工作:分析化学。E-mail: anshen41@163.com

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

沈燕,女,本科,主管技师,主要从事工作:分析化学。E-mail: anshen41@163.com

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1157042104531817413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1157042104536011718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, companyId=1157042104531817413, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Qingpu Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shanghai 201700 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1157042104544400327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, companyId=1157042104531817413, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=上海市青浦区疾病预防控制中心 上海 201700)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1157042107732071397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=vegetables), Keyword(id=1157042107815957478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=pesticide reduces), Keyword(id=1157042107874677735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=dietary exposure), Keyword(id=1157042107954369512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=risk assessment), Keyword(id=1157042108021478377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=蔬菜), Keyword(id=1157042108092781546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=农药残留), Keyword(id=1157042108218610667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=膳食暴露), Keyword(id=1157042108365411308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=风险评估)], refs=[Reference(id=1157042110915548159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中国居民膳食指南 . 2022 ., articleTitle=中国居民膳食指南, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157042110982656000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=52, issue=16, pageStart=32, pageEnd=34, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=曹彦卫, journalName=南方农机, refType=null, unstructuredReference=曹彦卫 . 我国蔬菜水果农药残留检测技术发展动向和质量安全控制对策 [J]. 南方农机 , 2021 . 52 ( 16 ): 32 - 34 ., articleTitle=我国蔬菜水果农药残留检测技术发展动向和质量安全控制对策, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157042111087513602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=172, issue=null, pageStart=511, pageEnd=521, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=Bh , ari G, Zomer P, Atreya K, journalName=Environ. Res., refType=null, unstructuredReference= Bh , ari G , Zomer P , Atreya K , et al . Pesticide residues in Nepalese vegetables and potential health risks [J]. Environ. Res. , 2019 . 172 . 511 - 521 ., articleTitle=Pesticide residues in Nepalese vegetables and potential health risks, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157042111163011075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GB23200.121-2021,食品安全国家标准植物源性食品中331种农药及其代谢物残留量的测定液相色谱-质谱联用法 [S]. 北京 : 中国标准出版社 , 2021 ., articleTitle=GB23200.121-2021,食品安全国家标准植物源性食品中331种农药及其代谢物残留量的测定液相色谱-质谱联用法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157042111221731332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=35, issue=1, pageStart=56, pageEnd=60, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=何强, 张璐, 张亚莉, journalName=分析实验室, refType=null, unstructuredReference=何强 , 张璐 , 张亚莉 , 等 . QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定尊麻提取物中17种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留量 [J]. 分析实验室 , 2016 . 35 ( 1 ): 56 - 60 ., articleTitle=QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定尊麻提取物中17种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留量, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157042111288840197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=06, pageStart=101, pageEnd=102, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=赵军溪, journalName=食品安全导刊, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵军溪 . UPLC-MS/MS 测定蔬菜中氨基甲酸酯类农药 [J]. 食品安全导刊 , 2021 . 06 ): 101 - 102 ., articleTitle=UPLC-MS/MS 测定蔬菜中氨基甲酸酯类农药, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157042111355949062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=12, issue=9, pageStart=3701, pageEnd=3708, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=杨玉平, 谢柏艳, journalName=食品安全质量检测学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨玉平 , 谢柏艳 . QuEChERS-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定蔬菜水果中48种农药及其代谢物残留量 [J]. 食品安全质量检测学报 , 2021 . 12 ( 9 ): 3701 - 3708 ., articleTitle=QuEChERS-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定蔬菜水果中48种农药及其代谢物残留量, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157042111427252231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1995, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GEMS/Food -EURO second workshopon reliable evaluation of low level contamination of food report ona workshop in the frame of GEMS/food -EURO kulmbach [R]. Germany : World Health Organization , 1995 ., articleTitle=GEMS/Food -EURO second workshopon reliable evaluation of low level contamination of food report ona workshop in the frame of GEMS/food -EURO kulmbach, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157042111511138312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2002, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=63, pageEnd=64, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=王绪卿, 吴永宁, 陈君石, journalName=中华预防医学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王绪卿 , 吴永宁 , 陈君石 . 食品污染监测低水平数据处理问题 [J]. 中华预防医学杂志 , 2002 . 4 ): 63 - 64 ., articleTitle=食品污染监测低水平数据处理问题, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157042111569858569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=172, issue=null, pageStart=511, pageEnd=521, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=Bh , ari G, Zomer P, Atreya K, journalName=Environ Res, refType=null, unstructuredReference= Bh , ari G , Zomer P , Atreya K , et al . Pesticide residues in Nepalese vegetables and potential health risks [J]. Environ Res , 2019 . 172 . 511 - 521 ., articleTitle=Pesticide residues in Nepalese vegetables and potential health risks, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157042111620190218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=农业农村部,国家卫生健康委员会,国家市场监督管理总局, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=农业农村部,国家卫生健康委员会,国家市场监督管理总局 . 食品安全国家标准食品中农药最大残留限量:GB2763-2021 [S]. 北京 : 中国标准出版社 , 2021 ., articleTitle=食品安全国家标准食品中农药最大残留限量:GB2763-2021, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157042111670521867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://www.fao.org/pest-and-pesticide-management/expert-bodies-conventions/faowho-joint-meeting-on-pesticide-residues-jmpr/pesticides-evaluated-by-jmpr-jmps/zh/, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR) [EB/OL]. (2022-01-21）[2023-12-18]., articleTitle=Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157042111716659212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=33, issue=3, pageStart=361, pageEnd=363, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=祁洁, 郝伟, 潘碧枢, journalName=中国卫生检验杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=祁洁 , 郝伟 , 潘碧枢 . 2017年-2021年台州市市售草莓中农药残留状况及膳食摄入风险评估 [J]. 中国卫生检验杂志 , 2023 . 33 ( 3 ): 361 - 363 ., articleTitle=2017年-2021年台州市市售草莓中农药残留状况及膳食摄入风险评估, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157042111766990861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=40, issue=1, pageStart=202, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=何洁, 刘文锋, 胡承成, journalName=食品科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=何洁 , 刘文锋 , 胡承成 . 贵州黔东南州番茄农药残留膳食摄入风险评估 [J]. 食品科学 , 2019 . 40 ( 1 ): 202 ., articleTitle=贵州黔东南州番茄农药残留膳食摄入风险评估, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157042111817322510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=168, pageEnd=172, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=张惠珠, journalName=现代食品, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张惠珠 . 根茎类蔬菜中农药残留污染状况调查 [J]. 现代食品 , 2022 . 5 ): 168 - 172 ., articleTitle=根茎类蔬菜中农药残留污染状况调查, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157042111871848463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=28, issue=3, pageStart=35, pageEnd=37, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=徐登高, 冯春刚, journalName=植物医生, refType=null, unstructuredReference=徐登高 , 冯春刚 . 农药毒性分级及建议 [J]. 植物医生 , 2015 . 28 ( 3 ): 35 - 37 ., articleTitle=农药毒性分级及建议, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157042111938957328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://www.moa.gov.cn/xw/bmdt/201911/t20191129_6332604.htm, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=农业农村部,《禁限用农药名录》 [EB/OL]. (2023-12-17）[2023-12-18]., articleTitle=农业农村部,《禁限用农药名录》, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1157042111993483281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240005662, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WHO. The WHO recommended classification of pesticidesby hazard and guidelines to classification (2019 edition) [EB/OL]. (2020-05-01）[2023-12-18]., articleTitle=WHO. The WHO recommended classification of pesticidesby hazard and guidelines to classification (2019 edition), refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1157042110647112701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, awardId=W2018-14, language=EN, fundingSource=Youth Project of Shanghai Qingpu District Health Committee(W2018-14), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1157042110735193086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, awardId=W2018-14, language=CN, fundingSource=上海市青浦区卫健委青年项目(W2018-14), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1157042104531817413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1157042104536011718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, companyId=1157042104531817413, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Qingpu Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shanghai 201700 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1157042104544400327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, companyId=1157042104531817413, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=上海市青浦区疾病预防控制中心 上海 201700)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1157042109858583539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Detection levels and exceeding ratios of different types of pesticide residues, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样本数 均值 mg/kg 最浓度检出值 mg/kg 检出数 检出率 超标数 超标率
甲胺磷 252 0.186 10.6 4 1.59% 4 1.59%
甲霜灵 252 0.190 6.11 23 9.13% 23 9.13%
乙嘧酚磺酸酯 252 0.365 14.17 26 10.32% 20 7.94%
啶酰菌胺 252 0.107 1.94 15 5.95% 0 0.00%
敌敌畏 252 1.76 53.2 12 4.76% 12 4.76%
氯虫苯甲酰胺 252 0.011 0.13 2 0.79% 0 0.00%
霜霉威 252 0.102 1.45 43 17.06% 1 0.40%
噻虫嗪 252 5.94 513 75 29.76% 50 19.84%
噻虫胺 252 1.89 35.2 74 29.37% 70 27.78%
噻虫啉 252 0.063 1.80 2 0.79% 2 0.79%
甲氧虫酰肼 252 0.151 7.43 12 4.76% 5 1.98%
烯唑醇 252 0.303 7.04 6 2.38% 2 0.79%
茚虫威 252 0.253 0.834 2 0.79% 2 0.79%
呋虫胺 252 0.319 8.93 28 11.11% 0 0.00%
残杀威 252 0.052 0.223 6 2.38% 0 0
), ArticleFig(id=1157042109959246836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=不同种类农药残留检出及超标情况, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样本数 均值 mg/kg 最浓度检出值 mg/kg 检出数 检出率 超标数 超标率
甲胺磷 252 0.186 10.6 4 1.59% 4 1.59%
甲霜灵 252 0.190 6.11 23 9.13% 23 9.13%
乙嘧酚磺酸酯 252 0.365 14.17 26 10.32% 20 7.94%
啶酰菌胺 252 0.107 1.94 15 5.95% 0 0.00%
敌敌畏 252 1.76 53.2 12 4.76% 12 4.76%
氯虫苯甲酰胺 252 0.011 0.13 2 0.79% 0 0.00%
霜霉威 252 0.102 1.45 43 17.06% 1 0.40%
噻虫嗪 252 5.94 513 75 29.76% 50 19.84%
噻虫胺 252 1.89 35.2 74 29.37% 70 27.78%
噻虫啉 252 0.063 1.80 2 0.79% 2 0.79%
甲氧虫酰肼 252 0.151 7.43 12 4.76% 5 1.98%
烯唑醇 252 0.303 7.04 6 2.38% 2 0.79%
茚虫威 252 0.253 0.834 2 0.79% 2 0.79%
呋虫胺 252 0.319 8.93 28 11.11% 0 0.00%
残杀威 252 0.052 0.223 6 2.38% 0 0
), ArticleFig(id=1157042110026355701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Detection levels and exceeding ratios of pesticide residues in different types of vegetables and fruit, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
果蔬种类 样本数 最大浓度检出值 mg/kg 检出数 检出率 超标数 超标率
甘蓝 42 10.5 16 38.10% 4 9.52%
番茄 42 53.2 33 78.57% 32 76.19%
生菜 42 8.93 21 50.00% 7 16.67%
土豆 42 70.3 31 73.81% 30 71.43%
四季豆 42 514 23 54.76% 22 52.38%
草莓 42 8.32 37 88.10% 28 66.67%
), ArticleFig(id=1157042110085075958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, language=CN, label=表 2, caption=不同种类果蔬农药残留检出及超标情况, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
果蔬种类 样本数 最大浓度检出值 mg/kg 检出数 检出率 超标数 超标率
甘蓝 42 10.5 16 38.10% 4 9.52%
番茄 42 53.2 33 78.57% 32 76.19%
生菜 42 8.93 21 50.00% 7 16.67%
土豆 42 70.3 31 73.81% 30 71.43%
四季豆 42 514 23 54.76% 22 52.38%
草莓 42 8.32 37 88.10% 28 66.67%
), ArticleFig(id=1157042110139601911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=Acute risk assessment of 7 pesticides in fruits and vegetables in Qingpu District, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
农药名称 HR(mg/kg) $\mathrm{F}\left(\mathrm{{kg}}\right)$ ESTI(mg/kg) ARfD(mg/kg) aHQ(%)
甲胺磷 10.6 0.200 0.0562 0.01 562
敌敌畏 53.2 0.320 0.4516 0.1 452
霜霉威 1.45 0.442 0.0170 2 0.85
噻虫胺 35.2 0.200 0.1867 0.6 31.12
噻虫啉 1.80 0.320 0.0153 0.03 50.9
甲氧虫酰肼 7.43 0.200 0.0394 0.9 4.38
茚虫威 0.834 0.200 0.0044 0.1 4.42
), ArticleFig(id=1157042110219293688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, language=CN, label=表 3, caption=青浦区果蔬中 7 种农药的急性膳食暴露评估, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
农药名称 HR(mg/kg) $\mathrm{F}\left(\mathrm{{kg}}\right)$ ESTI(mg/kg) ARfD(mg/kg) aHQ(%)
甲胺磷 10.6 0.200 0.0562 0.01 562
敌敌畏 53.2 0.320 0.4516 0.1 452
霜霉威 1.45 0.442 0.0170 2 0.85
噻虫胺 35.2 0.200 0.1867 0.6 31.12
噻虫啉 1.80 0.320 0.0153 0.03 50.9
甲氧虫酰肼 7.43 0.200 0.0394 0.9 4.38
茚虫威 0.834 0.200 0.0044 0.1 4.42
), ArticleFig(id=1157042110290596857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=Chronic risk assessment of 15 pesticides in fruits and vegetables in Qingpu District, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
农药名称 IEDI($\times {10}^{-4}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$) ADI(mg/kg) cHQ(%)
甲胺磷 17.6 0.004 44.1
), ArticleFig(id=1157042110366094330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, language=CN, label=表 4, caption=青浦区果蔬中 15 种农药的慢性膳食暴露评估, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
农药名称 IEDI($\times {10}^{-4}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$) ADI(mg/kg) cHQ(%)
甲胺磷 17.6 0.004 44.1
), ArticleFig(id=1157042110420620283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
甲霜灵 19.6 0.08 2.45
乙嘧酚磺酸酯 31.4 0.05 6.27
啶酰菌胺 9.63 0.04 2.41
敌敌畏 90.5 0.0004 2263
氯虫苯甲酰胺 0.931 2 0.00465
霜霉威 8.34 0.4 0.208
噻虫嗪 491 0.08 61.4
噻虫胺 200 0.1 20.0
噻虫啉 5.78 0.01 5.78
甲氧虫酰肼 16.5 0.1 1.65
烯唑醇 20.4 0.005 40.9
茚虫威 16.8 0.01 16.8
呋虫胺 24.3 0.2 1.21
残杀威 4.81 0.02 2.40
), ArticleFig(id=1157042110466757628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, language=CN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
甲霜灵 19.6 0.08 2.45
乙嘧酚磺酸酯 31.4 0.05 6.27
啶酰菌胺 9.63 0.04 2.41
敌敌畏 90.5 0.0004 2263
氯虫苯甲酰胺 0.931 2 0.00465
霜霉威 8.34 0.4 0.208
噻虫嗪 491 0.08 61.4
噻虫胺 200 0.1 20.0
噻虫啉 5.78 0.01 5.78
甲氧虫酰肼 16.5 0.1 1.65
烯唑醇 20.4 0.005 40.9
茚虫威 16.8 0.01 16.8
呋虫胺 24.3 0.2 1.21
残杀威 4.81 0.02 2.40
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1146118849029578755, delFlag=0, nameCn=实验室检测, nameEn=Laboratory Testing, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=2097-261X, eissn=, cn=10-1875/TB, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=Dmoi7fiemaDGWUxiXPMi1g==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Lab Test, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=null, updatedTime=1784016003438, createdBy=null, updatedBy=13041195026, firstLetterCn=S, firstLetterEn=S, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=Dmoi7fiemaDGWUxiXPMi1g==, picEn=1VW7aV1haIq706bPcrSXYQ==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1283819426399097521, language=CN, name=实验室检测, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1784016003465, updatedTime=1784016003465, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=mailto:jlabtesting@126.com, submissionEditorUrl=, submissionReviewUrl=, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1283819426613007026, language=EN, name=Laboratory Testing, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1784016003516, updatedTime=1784016003516, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=mailto:jlabtesting@126.com, submissionEditorUrl=, submissionReviewUrl=, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1146119944283992078, websiteList=[Website(id=1148243202374623651, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146119944283992078, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/sysjc/CN, language=CN, createTime=1751692112773, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753520557560, updateBy=18614031015, name=实验室检测-中文站点, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=实验室检测, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1260560912239419452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202374623651, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1778470741567, updateTime=1778470741567, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260560912218447929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202374623651, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1778470741562, updateTime=1778470741562, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260560912264585279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202374623651, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1778470741573, updateTime=1778470741573, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260560912214253624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202374623651, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/sysjc/CN/file/pic?fileId=gxmh/wpj2QaxtghYq950Aw==, createTime=1778470741561, updateTime=1778470741561, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260560912277168193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202374623651, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1778470741576, updateTime=1778470741576, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260560912235225147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202374623651, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/sysjc/CN/file/pic, createTime=1778470741566, updateTime=1778470741566, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260560912268779584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202374623651, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1778470741574, updateTime=1778470741574, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260560912226836538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202374623651, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1778470741564, updateTime=1778470741564, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260560912247808061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202374623651, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1778470741569, updateTime=1778470741569, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260560912256196670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202374623651, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1778470741571, updateTime=1778470741571, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1260560672228761633, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146119944283992078, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/sysjc/EN, language=EN, createTime=1778470684350, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1778487002289, updateBy=18614031015, name=实验室检测-英文站点, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Laboratory Testing, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1260587446631281053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260560672228761633, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1778477067859, updateTime=1778477067859, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260587446601920922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260560672228761633, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1778477067852, updateTime=1778477067852, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260587446669029792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260560672228761633, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1778477067868, updateTime=1778477067868, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260587446585143705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260560672228761633, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/sysjc/EN/file/pic?fileId=gxmh/wpj2QaxtghYq950Aw==, createTime=1778477067848, updateTime=1778477067848, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260587446702584226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260560672228761633, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1778477067876, updateTime=1778477067876, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260587446618698140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260560672228761633, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/sysjc/EN/file/pic, createTime=1778477067856, updateTime=1778477067856, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260587446690001313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260560672228761633, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1778477067873, updateTime=1778477067873, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260587446610309531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260560672228761633, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1778477067854, updateTime=1778477067854, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260587446643863966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260560672228761633, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1778477067862, updateTime=1778477067862, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1260587446660641183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1260560672228761633, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1778477067866, updateTime=1778477067866, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=实验室检测, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Laboratory Testing, journalPhotoCn=Dmoi7fiemaDGWUxiXPMi1g==, journalPhotoEn=1VW7aV1haIq706bPcrSXYQ==, journalFirstLetter=S, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/sysjc/CN/Y2024/V2/I2/88, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/sysjc/EN/Y2024/V2/I2/88, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/sysjc/CN/PDF/Y2024/V2/I2/88, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/sysjc/EN/PDF/Y2024/V2/I2/88, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1707321600000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
上海市青浦区中小学生农药膳食暴露风险评估
收藏切换
PDF下载
刁永卿 , 杨洋 , 郁晞 , 沈燕 *
实验室检测 | 评价与分析 2024,2(2): 88-93
收起
收藏切换
实验室检测 |评价与分析 2024 , 2 (2) : 88 -93
上海市青浦区中小学生农药膳食暴露风险评估
全屏
[Author(id=1157042104611509195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1157042104707978190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, authorId=1157042104611509195, language=EN, stringName=Yong-Qing DIAO, firstName=Yong-Qing, middleName=null, lastName=DIAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Qingpu Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shanghai 201700 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1157042104762504144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, authorId=1157042104611509195, language=CN, stringName=刁永卿, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=上海市青浦区疾病预防控制中心 上海 201700, bio={"content":"

刁永卿,男,本科,主管技师,主要从事工作:分析化学、风险评估。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

刁永卿,男,本科,主管技师,主要从事工作:分析化学、风险评估。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1157042104531817413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1157042104536011718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, companyId=1157042104531817413, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Qingpu Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shanghai 201700 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1157042104544400327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, companyId=1157042104531817413, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=上海市青浦区疾病预防控制中心 上海 201700)])]), Author(id=1157042104829613010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1157042105722999764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, authorId=1157042104829613010, language=EN, stringName=Yang YANG, firstName=Yang, middleName=null, lastName=YANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Qingpu Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shanghai 201700 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1157042105781720021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, authorId=1157042104829613010, language=CN, stringName=杨洋, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=上海市青浦区疾病预防控制中心 上海 201700, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1157042104531817413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1157042104536011718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, companyId=1157042104531817413, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Qingpu Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shanghai 201700 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1157042104544400327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, companyId=1157042104531817413, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=上海市青浦区疾病预防控制中心 上海 201700)])]), Author(id=1157042105857217495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1157042105928520666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, authorId=1157042105857217495, language=EN, stringName=Xi YU, firstName=Xi, middleName=null, lastName=YU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Qingpu Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shanghai 201700 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1157042106012406747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, authorId=1157042105857217495, language=CN, stringName=郁晞, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=上海市青浦区疾病预防控制中心 上海 201700, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1157042104531817413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1157042104536011718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, companyId=1157042104531817413, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Qingpu Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shanghai 201700 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1157042104544400327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, companyId=1157042104531817413, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=上海市青浦区疾病预防控制中心 上海 201700)])]), Author(id=1157042106100487133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=anshen41@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1157042106763187170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, authorId=1157042106100487133, language=EN, stringName=Yan SHEN, firstName=Yan, middleName=null, lastName=SHEN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=*, address=Qingpu Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shanghai 201700 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1157042106872239076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, authorId=1157042106100487133, language=CN, stringName=沈燕, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=*, address=上海市青浦区疾病预防控制中心 上海 201700, bio={"content":"

沈燕,女,本科,主管技师,主要从事工作:分析化学。E-mail: anshen41@163.com

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

沈燕,女,本科,主管技师,主要从事工作:分析化学。E-mail: anshen41@163.com

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1157042104531817413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1157042104536011718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, companyId=1157042104531817413, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Qingpu Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shanghai 201700 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1157042104544400327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017140910969058, companyId=1157042104531817413, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=上海市青浦区疾病预防控制中心 上海 201700)])])]
刁永卿, 杨洋, 郁晞, 沈燕*
作者信息
  • 上海市青浦区疾病预防控制中心 上海 201700
通讯作者:
沈燕
Analysis and risk assessment of pesticide in fruits and vegetables for primary and secondary school students in Qingpu District, Shanghai
Yong-Qing DIAO, Yang YANG, Xi YU, Yan SHEN*
Affiliations
  • Qingpu Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shanghai 201700 China
出版时间: 2024-02-08
文章导航
收藏切换
摘要
收起

目的 了解上海市青浦区水果蔬菜中农药残留水平,评估青浦区中小学生饮食中农药残留暴露风险。方法 2021-2022年采集上海市青浦区7个街镇的水果、蔬菜及农产品252份,采用液相色谱-质谱联用技术对果蔬中46种农药残留进行检测。根据膳食调查所得的食品消费数据,对上海市青浦区中小学生急性和慢性膳食暴露风险进行评估。结果 46种农药中共有15种农药有检出,12种农药检测值超卫生限值,检出率最高的是农药噻虫嗪(29.76%),超标率最高的农药是噻虫胺(27.78%)。6种果蔬中,农药检出率最高的是草莓(88.10%),超标率最高的是番茄(76.19%)。在所有检测到的农药中,甲胺磷和敌敌畏的急性暴露风险(Acute Hazardquotient)分别为562%和452%,敌敌畏的慢性暴露风险(Chronic Hazardquotient)为434%,其他农药的膳食急性、慢性暴露风险均小于100%。结论 上海市青浦区水果蔬菜中存在农药残留,其中甲胺磷和敌敌畏的膳食暴露风险较高,应引起监管部门的高度重视。其他农药的膳食暴露风险较低,但农产品的高检出率和超标率应引起重视。

蔬菜  /  农药残留  /  膳食暴露  /  风险评估

Objective To investigate the pesticide residue of fruits and vegetables in Qingpu District of Shanghai, Valuate the risk assessment of pesticide residues in primary and middle school students in Qingpu district. Methods From 2021 to 2022, 252 fruits and vegetables from 7 towns in Qingpu District of Shanghai were collected, and 46 pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables were detected by LC/MS. The acute and chronic dietary exposure risks of primary and secondary school students in Qingpu District of Shanghai was assessed using the results of pesticide residue detection, combined with food consumption in the dietary nutrient intake survey of Qingpu students. Results 15 pesticides of all total 46 pesticides were detected, 12 pesticides exceeded the standard, the highest detection rate was tthiamethoxam (29.76%), the highest exceeding rate was clothianidin (27.78%). Among the 6 kinds of fruits and vegetables, the highest detection rate was strawberry (88.10%), and the highest o exceeding rate was solanaceae (76.19%). The dietary exposure results showed that the acute exposure risks (acute hazardquotient) of methamidophos and dichlorvos weir 562% and 452% respectively, the chronic exposure risk (chronic hazardquotient) of dichlorvos was 434%, and the dietary acute chronic exposure risks of other pesticides were less than 100%. Conclusion There are pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables in Qingpu District of Shanghai. The dietary exposure risk of methamphetamine and dichlorvos in fruits and vegetables is high, which should be paid attention to by the regulatory authorities. The dietary exposure risk of other pesticides is low, but the high detection rate and over-standard rate of fruits and vegetables should be paid attention to.

vegetables  /  pesticide reduces  /  dietary exposure  /  risk assessment
刁永卿, 杨洋, 郁晞, 沈燕. 上海市青浦区中小学生农药膳食暴露风险评估. 实验室检测, 2024 , 2 (2) : 88 -93 .
Yong-Qing DIAO, Yang YANG, Xi YU, Yan SHEN. Analysis and risk assessment of pesticide in fruits and vegetables for primary and secondary school students in Qingpu District, Shanghai[J]. Laboratory Testing, 2024 , 2 (2) : 88 -93 .
正文
收起
0 引言
收起
果蔬农产品作为居民膳食金字塔的重要组成部分, 可提供人体每日所需维生素、矿物质、纤维素等营养素,每日推荐摄入量为500-850g[ 1 ] 。但是为防治病虫害、调节植物生长, 保障农产品产量, 农药被广泛运用于农产品的种植培育环节。农药的广泛使用, 尤其是不规范、不科学的使用行为加重了农产品农药残留问题[ 2 ]。随着中国社会经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高, 人们对食品安全的关注度在上升, 要求也越来越高, 其中果蔬类农产品的农药残留是食品安全中人们普遍关注的问题, 因此, 开展果蔬农产品农药残留检测及持续监测具有重要意义。
本研究通过对上海市青浦区 2021 年、2022 年 252 件市售果蔬的 44 种农药残留进行检测, 对果蔬中农药残留状况进行分析, 通过农药残留含量情况与青浦区中小学生膳食摄入水平等相关数据, 结合每日允许摄入量(Acceptable Daily Intake, ADI)、急性参考计量(Acute Reference Dose, ARfD)等农药健康指导值, 采用危害商法[ 3 ]评估各农药安全状况, 进而评估青浦区中小学生农药膳食暴露风险, 为合理规范使用农药, 帮助监管部门制定农产品安全风险管理措施提供科学依据。
1 材料与方法
收起
1.1 仪器与试剂
仪器:液相色谱质谱联用仪(AB sciex 6500+Qtrap),超纯水机(德国 默克 Milli-Q), 漩涡振荡器(奥豪斯 VXMTAL),离心机(美国赛默飞 Multifuge™ X4 R Pro)、 千分之一电子天平(梅特勒 ME203)、万分之一电子天平(梅特勒 ME204)、均质器(Braun)等。
44 种农药混合标准(安谱,浓度为 ${50}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$ ),甲醇(西陇科学 色谱纯),乙腈(默克 色谱纯), PSA 分散剂(安谱 色谱分析用),石墨化碳黑(安谱 色谱分析用),甲酸铵(默克优级纯),甲酸铵(默克 优级纯),氯化钠(默克 优级纯), 硫酸镁(默克 优级纯),一次性注射器(康德莱),0.22μm 微孔滤膜(默克),实验室用水为超纯水。
1.2 样品来源
按照区域分布,随机选取上海市青浦区 7 个主要街镇的超市、菜市场为采样点,2021-2022 年在采集点陆续采集甘蓝、番茄、生菜、土豆、四季豆、草莓等 6 种果蔬类农产品, 每种 42 件, 合计 252 件。
1.3 样品检测
甲胺磷、甲霜灵、乙嘧酚磺酸酯、啶酰菌胺、敌敌畏、 氯虫苯甲酰胺、霜霉威、噻虫嗪、噻虫胺、噻虫啉、甲氧虫酰肼、烯唑醇、茚虫威、呋虫胺、残杀威、吡虫啉、苯硫磷、久效磷、乐果、嗪草酮、甲草胺、倍硫磷-砜、多效唑、马拉硫磷、氯苯胺灵、三唑磷、禾草敌、灭线磷、对硫磷、喹硫磷、倍硫磷、甲拌磷、肟菌酯、氟氰戊菊酯、 吡丙醚、溴氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、哒螨灵、氯菊酯、灭多威、 涕灭威、乙拌磷、噻嗪酮、喹禾灵、呋线威、氟啶虫酰胺等 46 种农药使用 QuEChERS-LC-MS/MS 法进行测定[4-7],检测结果依据《食品安全国家标准食品中农药最大残留限量》[8]进行判定。
样品处理: 称取 ${10}\mathrm{\;g}$ (精确至 ${0.01}\mathrm{\;g}$ )试样于 ${50}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 塑料离心管中,加入 ${10}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 乙腈及 1 颗陶瓷均质子,剧烈振荡 $1\mathrm{\;{min}}$ 。静置分层后加入 $4\mathrm{\;g}$ 无水硫酸镁,剧烈振荡 $1\mathrm{\;{min}}$ 后 ${10000}\mathrm{r}/\mathrm{{min}}$ 离心 $5\mathrm{\;{min}}$ ,定量吸取上清液至内含除水剂和净化材料的塑料离心管中(每毫升提取液用 ${150}\mathrm{{mg}}$ 无水硫酸镁、25mg N-丙基乙二胺固相吸附剂 (Primary-secondary amine, PSA)), 对于颜色较深的试样,离心管中另加入石墨化碳黑(Graphene Carbon Black, GCB)(每毫升 ${2.5}\mathrm{{mg}}$ ),涡旋混匀 1 分钟,以 ${10000}\mathrm{r}/\mathrm{{min}}$ 离心 5 min.吸取上清液过 ${0.22\mu }\mathrm{m}$ 微孔滤膜,待测定。
液相条件:色谱柱: ACQUITY UPLCR BEH C18 1.7 $\mu \mathrm{m}\times {2.1}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times {100}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,柱温箱 ${30}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ ,进样量 ${10\mu }\mathrm{L}$ ,流动相 A0.05%甲酸水溶液,流动相 B 乙腈,梯度洗脱程序: 0.00min30%B, 1.00 min 30%B, 8.00 min 90%B, 10.00 min 98%B,11.00 min 98%B,11.10 min 30%B,12 min 30%B。
质谱条件:气帘气 35.0 psi,辅助加热气 35.0 psi,喷雾气 35.0 psi,离子源温度 ${350}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 。
1.4 数据统计与分析
使用 EXCEL2016 统计分析果蔬样品中农药残留检出情况, 包括检测均值、最大值、检出率、超标率等, 处理食品污染监测低水平数据时, 如果检测结果<检出限的比例大于 80%,对未检出数据使用方法定量限(Limt of Quantitation, LOQ)或 1/2 定量限替代[ 8 - 9 ]。
1.5 风险评估方法
急性膳食暴露评估针对 ${24}\mathrm{\;h}$ 内蔬菜中农药暴露情况, 采用最大残留量计算。慢性膳食暴露评估根据食品中存在的农药平均含量以及较长一段时间内这些农药的日均消费量来估计膳食暴露, 用危害商(Hazard Quotient, HQ)评估人类暴露于单一农药导致的健康风险, 本研究使用慢性摄入风险(Chronic Hazard Quotient, cHQ)和急性摄入风险(Acute Hazard Quotient, aHQ)评价某种农药残留对居民健康的危害程度 [ 10 ] ,当 $\mathrm{{HQ}}$ 值 $\leq 1$ 时,表示该农药的平均暴露水平低于每日允许摄入量, 对人体健康造成威胁的风险较小, 在可接受的范围内: $\mathrm{{HQ}}> 1$ ,表示该农药的暴露水平高于日允许摄入量, 对人体健康造成的威胁较大, 该农药对食品安全带来的风险不可以接受。
1.5.1 慢性膳食暴露风险评估方法
用以下公式(1)(2)计算农药慢性膳食摄入风险(cHQ)
$\mathrm{{IEDI}}= \frac{{\sum }_{i}^{n}= {m}_{i}\times {c}_{i}}{bw}$
$\text{cHQ=IEDI×%100/ADI}$
式中, IEDI 为农药残留估计每日摄入量 $\left({\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{kg}}}\right)$ ； ${\mathrm{c}}_{i}$ 为实验所得农药在某种食物中残留平均值 $\left({\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{kg}}}\right);{\mathrm{m}}_{i}$ 为某种食物日平均消费量(kg); bw 为人群平均体重(kg); ADI 为每日允许摄入量 $\left({\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{kg}}}\right)$ ,来自于GB 2763-2021 [ 11 ] 。
1.5.2 急性膳食暴露风险评估方法
用以下公式(3)(4)计算农药急性膳食摄入风险(aHQ)
$\mathrm{{ESTI}}= \mathrm{{HR}}\times \mathrm{F}/\mathrm{{bw}}$
$\text{aHQ=ESTI×100%/ARfD}$
式中, ESTI 为农药残留短期摄入量 $\left({\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{kg}}}\right)$ ；ARfD 为急性参考计量 $\left({\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{kg}}}\right)$ ,数据来自于粮农组织/世卫组织农药残留联合会议(JMPR) [ 12 ] ；F 为食物消费的大份餐(kg)；HR 为最高残留量 $\left({\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{kg}}}\right)$ ；bw 为人群平均体重(kg)。
1.5.3 青浦区中小学生膳食摄入
数据来源为 2015 年、2016 年青浦区中小学生营养调查数据,分析青浦区中小学生膳食摄入情况。
2 结果与分析
收起
2.1 农药残留检测结果
2.1.1 不同种类农药残留检出及超标情况分析
共检测样品 252 件, 检测农药 46 种, 其中 15 种农药有检出,分别为甲胺磷、甲霜灵、乙嘧酚磺酸酯、啶酰菌胺、敌敌畏、氯虫苯甲酰胺、霜霉威、噻虫嗪、噻虫胺、 噻虫啉、甲氧虫酰肼、烯唑醇、茚虫威、呋虫胺、残杀威。 31 种农药未检出, 分别为吡虫啉、苯硫磷、久效磷、乐果、 嗪草酮、甲草胺、倍硫磷-砜、多效唑、马拉硫磷、氯苯胺灵、三唑磷、禾草敌、灭线磷、对硫磷、喹硫磷、倍硫磷、 甲拌磷、肟菌酯、氟氰戊菊酯、吡丙醚、溴氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、哒螨灵、氯菊酯、灭多威、涕灭威、乙拌磷、噻嗪酮、喹禾灵、呋线威、氟啶虫酰胺。其中甲胺磷为禁用农药, 但仍有样本检出甲胺磷, 表明蔬菜的生产环节仍有禁用农药的使用。检出情况详见 表 1
2.1.2 不同蔬菜检出及超标情况分析见
表 2 ,其中检出浓度的最大值为四季豆的 ${514}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ ,最低值为草莓的 ${8.32}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ 。整体来看,全部类型样品均有超标, 各类果蔬超标率由高到低的顺序为番茄 > 草莓 > 土豆 > 四季豆 > 生菜 > 甘蓝, 其中超标率检出率最高的为茄果类(80.95%),超标率最高的为茄果类(78.57%),农药残留问题比较突出。
2.2 膳食暴露评估
2.2.1 青浦区中小学生膳食摄入情况
根据 2015 年、2016 年青浦区中小学合计 291 名学生膳食摄入情况调查结果, 得出青浦区中小学生甘蓝、番茄、 生菜、土豆、四季豆的日均消费量( $\mathrm{{kg}}$ )分别为: 0.00732、 0.01959、0.02284、0.00866、0.00562,消费的大分餐(kg) 为 0.200、0.320、0.200、0.250、0.150.草莓日均消费量( $\mathrm{{kg}}$ ) 取 0.0457 , 消费的大分餐(kg)取 0.44218 。中小学生平均体重为 ${37.7}\mathrm{\;{kg}}$ 。
2.2.2 急性膳食暴露评估
对于有检出的 15 种农药, 其中 3 种农药(甲霜灵、啶酰菌胺、氯虫苯甲酰胺)因其毒性及短时间急性暴露造成的健康损害,粮农组织/世卫组织农药残留联合会议认为不需要设定该 3 种农药的急性参考计量。其中 5 种农药(乙嘧酚磺酸酯、 噻虫嗪、烯唑醇、呋虫胺、残杀威)因人体接触机会较少或因其为农药尚未建立 ARfD 值,无法进行急性暴露评估 [ 12 ] 。其余 7 种农药急性膳食暴露值按照公式(3)(4)进行计算, 计算结果详见 表 3 。甲胺磷和敌敌畏的急性膳食暴露风险商分别为 562%、452%,提示有急性膳食暴露风险。霜霉威、噻虫胺、 噻虫啉、甲氧虫酰肼、茚虫威暴露风险商在 0.85%~50.93% 之间, 均低于 1 , 急性暴露风险水平较低。
2.2.3 慢性膳食暴露评估
对于有检出的 15 种农药, 其慢性暴露评估值计算表详见 表 4 , 敌敌畏的慢性膳食暴露风险商为 2263%, 提示有较大慢性暴露风险。其余 14 种农药慢性膳食暴露风险商在 0.00465%~ 61.4%之间, 慢性暴露风险水平较低, 可以接受。
3 讨论与结论
收起
3.1 农药检出状况
本研究通过对上海市青浦区 252 份甘蓝、番茄、生菜、 土豆、四季豆、草莓等市售果蔬农产品中的 46 种农药的检测分析发现, 青浦区市售农产品普遍存在农药残留情况, 总体检出率为 63.9%,超标率为 48.8% 与国内其他省市农药残留检出情况基本相当。祁洁报导的 2017-2021 年台州市市售草莓中农药总检出率为 93.9% [ 13 ] ；何洁报导的 2017 年贵州黔东南州番茄农药检出率为60%[ 14 ] ; 张惠珠报导的 2017-2021 年山东菏泽土豆的农药检出率为 48.5%。检出率和超标率较高(大于 5%)的农药主要为噻虫嗪、噻虫胺、 霜霉威、乙嘧酚磺酸酯、甲霜灵、啶酰菌胺等低毒、微毒级农药[ 16 ]。结果显示,青浦区市售蔬菜水果中农药残留情况普遍存在, 以噻虫嗪、噻虫胺等新一代低毒性、易降解农药为主,除考虑农药不科学、不规范的使用外,亦可能由于现今农产品生产-销售-流通模式向大物流发生改变, 农产品成熟后采摘快速采摘包装, 经冷链运输进入销售环节, 从生产到销售时间不足以使部分农药完成降解, 从而造成果蔬农药残留检出率较高,该可能性有待进一步研究。
所有检出农药中,甲胺磷为高毒性农药,本次研究中共有 4 件检出,检出样品为甘蓝 2 件,生菜 2 件。 2007 年我国已经全面禁止甲胺磷、对硫磷等高毒农药在农业上的使用, 可能造成甲胺磷检出的乙酰甲胺磷为限制使用农药, 于 2019 年起禁止在蔬菜中使用[ 17 - 18 ]。甲胺磷作为一种高效、广谱的有机磷杀虫剂, 可能因为其性能和较为低廉的使用成本, 仍在蔬菜生产环节中使用, 建议有关部门加强监管禁用/限用农药的违法销售及使用。
3.2 膳食暴露状况
本研究筛查了 46 种农药在蔬菜水果中的残留情况, 样品农药残留总检出率和超标率分别为 63.9% 和 48.8%,不能很好的反映出农药残留对人群健康造成的风险。
本研究中, 除敌敌畏外的 14 种检出农药的慢性暴露风险在可接受水平,青浦区中小学生正常饮食不会造成暴露风险,敌敌畏残留的慢性暴露危害商高达 2263%,本研究中 12 件样品有检出敌敌畏, 主要检出样品为番茄和土豆, 最大检测值为 ${53.2}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ 。敌敌畏为中等毒性有机磷广谱高效杀虫剂, 在土壤和空气中半衰期分别为 2.9 天, 10 小时[ 19 ],时间较短,不考虑土壤环境本底污染,说明蔬菜生产环节存在盲目加大用量, 不规范使用问题, 该农药使用应列为重点监测、监管对象,并做好合理使用宣传工作。
本研究中 15 种检出农药仅甲胺磷、敌敌畏、霜霉威、 噻虫胺、噻虫啉、甲氧虫酰肼、茚虫威等 7 种具备急性风险评估条件, 其中甲胺磷和敌敌畏急性暴露危害商分别为 ${562}\%$ 、 ${452}\%$ ,最大检测值分别为 ${10.6}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ 、 ${53.2}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ 。 提示甲胺磷和敌敌畏两种农药应加强监测、监管, 同时中小学食堂应注意蔬菜的浸泡、流水清洗, 降低膳食摄入风险。
3.3 风险评估中的不确定性
本次研究农药残留膳食暴露风险评估过程中有诸多不确定因素, 主要表现在以下几个方面: 第一, 现阶段我国蔬菜供给模式较前 5~10 年呈现较大变化,主要体现在集中种植管理、大物流、龙头企业仓储统一供给等情况, 一方面便于对高暴露风险农药采取及时有效的源头管理措施, 减少生产环节污染, 另一方面, 又存在蔬菜水果集中冷链运输, 低温销售导致的农药降解变慢, 半衰期变长的情况, 这些情况均导致了农药残留检出的变化。本次研究农药检出率虽整体符合国内其他省市研究数据, 但与之相比,检出率、超标率均有所升高。第二,本研究评估对象为中小学生的蔬菜水果, 对清洗、烹饪等过程中农药残留的损失未加以考虑, 且只针对中小学生群体, 未对不同性别, 年龄人群进行详细年龄分组, 再统计膳食摄入量, 一定程度上影响了膳食暴露评估的完整性、可靠性。第三、 本研究针对单一农药进行膳食暴露风险评估, 未对农药的毒理学特征进行统计分析归类, 未开展不同农药多暴露累计风险研究, 通过研究分析不同种类农药毒理, 分析拮抗作用、协同作用,同时考虑人群饮食概率分布和农药残留概率分布, 开展农药残留膳食摄入风险概率评估, 才能更完善的解决膳食摄入安全问题, 这也是下一步需研究的内容和方向。
3.4 结论
本研究就上海市青浦区 2021-2022 年 252 件市售果蔬农产品的农药残留状况进行了分析统计, 从结果看上海市青浦区水果蔬菜中存在农药残留, 其中甲胺磷和敌敌畏的中小学生膳食暴露风险较高, 特别是甲胺磷及可能造成甲胺磷检出的乙酰甲胺磷均为禁止用于果蔬产品中的农药, 其检出应引起监管部门的高度重视, 建议有关部门加强监管禁用、限用农药的违法销售及使用。其他农药的膳食暴露风险较低, 但农产品的高检出率和超标率, 尤其是番茄、 土豆、草莓农药检出率、超标率均大于 50%,应引起重视。
基金
收起
  • 上海市青浦区卫健委青年项目(W2018-14)
文献
收起
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式：
[1]
中国居民膳食指南 . 2022 .
[2]
曹彦卫 . 我国蔬菜水果农药残留检测技术发展动向和质量安全控制对策 [J]. 南方农机 , 2021 . 52 ( 16 ): 32 - 34 .
[3]
Bh , ari G , Zomer P , Atreya K , et al . Pesticide residues in Nepalese vegetables and potential health risks [J]. Environ. Res. , 2019 . 172 . 511 - 521 .
[4]
GB23200.121-2021,食品安全国家标准植物源性食品中331种农药及其代谢物残留量的测定液相色谱-质谱联用法 [S]. 北京 : 中国标准出版社 , 2021 .
[5]
何强 , 张璐 , 张亚莉 , 等 . QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定尊麻提取物中17种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留量 [J]. 分析实验室 , 2016 . 35 ( 1 ): 56 - 60 .
[6]
赵军溪 . UPLC-MS/MS 测定蔬菜中氨基甲酸酯类农药 [J]. 食品安全导刊 , 2021 . 06 ): 101 - 102 .
[7]
杨玉平 , 谢柏艳 . QuEChERS-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定蔬菜水果中48种农药及其代谢物残留量 [J]. 食品安全质量检测学报 , 2021 . 12 ( 9 ): 3701 - 3708 .
[8]
GEMS/Food -EURO second workshopon reliable evaluation of low level contamination of food report ona workshop in the frame of GEMS/food -EURO kulmbach [R]. Germany : World Health Organization , 1995 .
[9]
王绪卿 , 吴永宁 , 陈君石 . 食品污染监测低水平数据处理问题 [J]. 中华预防医学杂志 , 2002 . 4 ): 63 - 64 .
[10]
Bh , ari G , Zomer P , Atreya K , et al . Pesticide residues in Nepalese vegetables and potential health risks [J]. Environ Res , 2019 . 172 . 511 - 521 .
[11]
农业农村部,国家卫生健康委员会,国家市场监督管理总局 . 食品安全国家标准食品中农药最大残留限量:GB2763-2021 [S]. 北京 : 中国标准出版社 , 2021 .
[12]
Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR) [EB/OL]. (2022-01-21）[2023-12-18]. https://www.fao.org/pest-and-pesticide-management/expert-bodies-conventions/faowho-joint-meeting-on-pesticide-residues-jmpr/pesticides-evaluated-by-jmpr-jmps/zh/
[13]
祁洁 , 郝伟 , 潘碧枢 . 2017年-2021年台州市市售草莓中农药残留状况及膳食摄入风险评估 [J]. 中国卫生检验杂志 , 2023 . 33 ( 3 ): 361 - 363 .
[14]
何洁 , 刘文锋 , 胡承成 . 贵州黔东南州番茄农药残留膳食摄入风险评估 [J]. 食品科学 , 2019 . 40 ( 1 ): 202 .
[15]
张惠珠 . 根茎类蔬菜中农药残留污染状况调查 [J]. 现代食品 , 2022 . 5 ): 168 - 172 .
[16]
徐登高 , 冯春刚 . 农药毒性分级及建议 [J]. 植物医生 , 2015 . 28 ( 3 ): 35 - 37 .
[17]
农业农村部,《禁限用农药名录》 [EB/OL]. (2023-12-17）[2023-12-18]. https://www.moa.gov.cn/xw/bmdt/201911/t20191129_6332604.htm
[18]
WHO. The WHO recommended classification of pesticidesby hazard and guidelines to classification (2019 edition) [EB/OL]. (2020-05-01）[2023-12-18]. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240005662
2024年第2卷第2期
PDF下载
384
190
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
  • 首发时间：2025-07-29
  • 出版时间：2024-02-08
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
基金
Youth Project of Shanghai Qingpu District Health Committee(W2018-14)
上海市青浦区卫健委青年项目(W2018-14)
作者信息
    上海市青浦区疾病预防控制中心 上海 201700

通讯作者:

{"content":"

沈燕,女,本科,主管技师,主要从事工作:分析化学。E-mail: anshen41@163.com

"}
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/sysjc/CN/1157017140910969058
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏
相关链接
论文
最新文章
热读文章
热点专题
内参
蓝皮书
产业发展报告
传播力报告
期刊分级目录
资讯
学术新闻
行业新闻
学术会议
行业会议
关于
关于我们
联系我们
北京市海淀区学院南路86号
100081
010-62662699（运营及技术支持）
qkjq@cast.org.cn

中国科学技术协会版权所有 京ICP 备10216604号-4 海淀分局备案 1101084647
科技导报社主办 中国科协信息中心技术支持