Article(id=1157017138859954392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1157017136368541764, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753783982243, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1707321600000, pubDateStr=2024-02-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753783982243, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753783982243, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753783982243, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1157017136368541764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, year='2024', volume='2', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='129', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1707321600000', pubDateStr='2024-02-08', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753783981649, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1784685058336, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1286625645979484234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1157017136368541764, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1286625645979484235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1157017136368541764, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=99, endPage=101, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1157017139589763291, articleId=1157017138859954392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, language=EN, title=Traceability analysis and drug susceptibility detection of a food-borne disease outbreak with Salmonella enteritidis, columnId=1156641066674676444, journalTitle=Laboratory Testing, columnName=Evaluation and Analysis, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To trace the source of a foodborne disease outbreak caused by consuming smoked meat pancakes contaminated with Salmonella enteritidis. Methods Epidemiological investigations were carried out on 8 patients, samples of relevant environment, food and feces were collected, laboratory tests were carried out according to national standards. After bacteria enhancement, suspicious colonies were selected for biochemical identification, and the six strains of Salmonella detected underwent serum agglutination with standard diagnostic sera, drug sensitivity test and pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Result There were 8 cases of this incident, and out of the 6 samples, 6 strains of Salmonella enteritidis were isolated. The detection rates of Salmonella in the food, environmental samples, and cases feces were all 100%. The drug sensitivity test results showed that all strains were resistant to 6 drugs, and the drug resistance spectrum was CT-CTX - TET - CIP - AMP - AMS. They were sensitive to CHL, SXT, ETP, MEM, CAZ, CZA, TIG, AZM, and AMI. The PFGE bands of the 6 strains were consistent, with the homology of ${100}\%$ , and that showed the same clone. Conclusions This incident is a foodborne disease outbreak caused by consuming smoked meat pancakes contaminated with Salmonella enteritidis.

, authors=null, authorsList=Yan-Hui DING, Cheng LI, Sheng-Han WANG, Guo-Feng XU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Guo-Feng XU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*XU Guo-Feng, Master, Associate Chief Physician, Deputy Secretary of the Party Committee of Zhifu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yantai 264001, China. E-mail:
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目的 对一起因食用肠炎沙门氏菌污染的熏肉大饼引起的食源性疾病暴发事件进行溯源分析。方法 对8例患者进行流行病学调查,采集相关环境、食品及粪便等样本,根据国家标准进行实验室检测,经增菌后挑取可疑菌落进行生化鉴定,对检出的6株沙门氏菌株采用标准诊断血清进行血清凝集试验,药敏试验及脉冲场凝胶电泳。结果 该起事件发病 8 例,6份样本中,分离出肠炎沙门氏菌,沙门氏菌检出率食品、环境和病人粪便样本均为100%,药敏试验结果显示,耐药谱为多粘菌素 $\mathrm{E}$ (Colistin,CT)一头孢噻肟(Cefotaxime, CTX)-四环素(Tetracycline,TET)一环丙沙星(Ciprofloxacin, CIP)-氨苄西林(Ampicillin,AMP)-氨苄西林/舒巴坦(Ampicillin/Sulbactam, AMS),均呈现 6重耐药现象,对氯霉素(Chloramphenicol, CHL)、复方新诺明 (Sulfamethoxazole,SXT)、厄他培南(Ertapenem, ETP)、美罗培南(Meropenem,MEM)、头孢他啶(Ceftazidime,CAZ)、头孢他啶/阿维巴坦(Ceftazidime/avibactam,CZA)、替加环素(Tigecycline, TIG)、阿奇霉素(Azithromycin,AZM)、阿米卡星(Amikacin, AMI)敏感,6 株菌的脉冲场凝胶电泳(Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis, PFGE)条带一致,同源性 100%,显示为同一克隆。结论 该起事件为市民食用被肠炎沙门氏菌污染的熏肉大饼引起的食源性疾病暴发事件。

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丁延辉,硕士,主管技师,主要研究方向为微生物检验。E-mail: 1605277685@qq.com

许国峰,硕士研究生,副主任医师,芝罘区疾控中心党委副书记,研究领域:传染病防控、公共卫生、学校卫生、突发公卫事件应急处置。E-mail: 314088136@qq.com

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*许国峰, 硕士研究生, 副主任医师, 芝罘区疾控中心党委副书记, 研究领域: 传染病防控、公共卫生、学校卫生、突发公卫事件应急处置。E-mail:
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cases
临床表现 病例数 $\left({n = 8}\right)$ 构成比%
发热 8 100.00
呕吐 8 100.00
恶心 8 100.00
腹泻 8 100.00
腹痛 2 25.00
), ArticleFig(id=1157017166848545488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017138859954392, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=病例临床表现频数分布表, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
cases
临床表现 病例数 $\left({n = 8}\right)$ 构成比%
发热 8 100.00
呕吐 8 100.00
恶心 8 100.00
腹泻 8 100.00
腹痛 2 25.00
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一起肠炎沙门氏菌感染的食源性疾病暴发事件的溯源分析及药敏检测
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丁延辉 , 李成 , 王圣涵 , 许国峰 *
实验室检测 | 评价与分析 2024,2(2): 99-101
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实验室检测 |评价与分析 2024 , 2 (2) : 99 -101
一起肠炎沙门氏菌感染的食源性疾病暴发事件的溯源分析及药敏检测
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丁延辉 , 李成, 王圣涵, 许国峰*
作者信息
  • 烟台市芝罘区疾病预防控制中心 烟台 264001
通讯作者:
*许国峰, 硕士研究生, 副主任医师, 芝罘区疾控中心党委副书记, 研究领域: 传染病防控、公共卫生、学校卫生、突发公卫事件应急处置。E-mail:
Traceability analysis and drug susceptibility detection of a food-borne disease outbreak with Salmonella enteritidis
Yan-Hui DING , Cheng LI, Sheng-Han WANG, Guo-Feng XU*
Affiliations
  • Zhifu Center for Disease Control and Prevention Yantai 264001 China
  • Corresponding Author:
    *XU Guo-Feng, Master, Associate Chief Physician, Deputy Secretary of the Party Committee of Zhifu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yantai 264001, China. E-mail:
出版时间: 2024-02-08
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目的 对一起因食用肠炎沙门氏菌污染的熏肉大饼引起的食源性疾病暴发事件进行溯源分析。方法 对8例患者进行流行病学调查,采集相关环境、食品及粪便等样本,根据国家标准进行实验室检测,经增菌后挑取可疑菌落进行生化鉴定,对检出的6株沙门氏菌株采用标准诊断血清进行血清凝集试验,药敏试验及脉冲场凝胶电泳。结果 该起事件发病 8 例,6份样本中,分离出肠炎沙门氏菌,沙门氏菌检出率食品、环境和病人粪便样本均为100%,药敏试验结果显示,耐药谱为多粘菌素 $\mathrm{E}$ (Colistin,CT)一头孢噻肟(Cefotaxime, CTX)-四环素(Tetracycline,TET)一环丙沙星(Ciprofloxacin, CIP)-氨苄西林(Ampicillin,AMP)-氨苄西林/舒巴坦(Ampicillin/Sulbactam, AMS),均呈现 6重耐药现象,对氯霉素(Chloramphenicol, CHL)、复方新诺明 (Sulfamethoxazole,SXT)、厄他培南(Ertapenem, ETP)、美罗培南(Meropenem,MEM)、头孢他啶(Ceftazidime,CAZ)、头孢他啶/阿维巴坦(Ceftazidime/avibactam,CZA)、替加环素(Tigecycline, TIG)、阿奇霉素(Azithromycin,AZM)、阿米卡星(Amikacin, AMI)敏感,6 株菌的脉冲场凝胶电泳(Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis, PFGE)条带一致,同源性 100%,显示为同一克隆。结论 该起事件为市民食用被肠炎沙门氏菌污染的熏肉大饼引起的食源性疾病暴发事件。

食源性疾病  /  肠炎沙门氏菌  /  溯源分析  /  药敏试验  /  脉冲场凝胶电泳

Objective To trace the source of a foodborne disease outbreak caused by consuming smoked meat pancakes contaminated with Salmonella enteritidis. Methods Epidemiological investigations were carried out on 8 patients, samples of relevant environment, food and feces were collected, laboratory tests were carried out according to national standards. After bacteria enhancement, suspicious colonies were selected for biochemical identification, and the six strains of Salmonella detected underwent serum agglutination with standard diagnostic sera, drug sensitivity test and pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Result There were 8 cases of this incident, and out of the 6 samples, 6 strains of Salmonella enteritidis were isolated. The detection rates of Salmonella in the food, environmental samples, and cases feces were all 100%. The drug sensitivity test results showed that all strains were resistant to 6 drugs, and the drug resistance spectrum was CT-CTX - TET - CIP - AMP - AMS. They were sensitive to CHL, SXT, ETP, MEM, CAZ, CZA, TIG, AZM, and AMI. The PFGE bands of the 6 strains were consistent, with the homology of ${100}\%$ , and that showed the same clone. Conclusions This incident is a foodborne disease outbreak caused by consuming smoked meat pancakes contaminated with Salmonella enteritidis.

foodborne disease  /  Salmonella enteritidis  /  traceability analysis  /  drug sensitivity test  /  pulse field gel electrophoresis
丁延辉, 李成, 王圣涵, 许国峰. 一起肠炎沙门氏菌感染的食源性疾病暴发事件的溯源分析及药敏检测. 实验室检测, 2024 , 2 (2) : 99 -101 .
Yan-Hui DING, Cheng LI, Sheng-Han WANG, Guo-Feng XU. Traceability analysis and drug susceptibility detection of a food-borne disease outbreak with Salmonella enteritidis[J]. Laboratory Testing, 2024 , 2 (2) : 99 -101 .
2023 年 8 月 28 日,烟台市某区卫健局接到一起食源性疾病暴发事件, 自 28 日至 30 日,某医院陆续接到 6 名因食用某摊位的熏肉大饼出现不明原因的恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻、发热的患者,疾病预防控制中心接到报告后立即组成调查小组前往现场进行流行病学调查, 采集食品、 环境及患者粪便样本, 进行致病菌的分离鉴定, 并通过 PFGE 及药敏试验对致病菌进行溯源分析, 为确定本起事件的爆发原因提供实验室依据。结合患者的临床症状,现场流行病学调查及实验室检测结果判断为一起因食用被肠炎沙门氏菌污染的熏肉大饼引起的食源性疾病事件。本文主要分析了本次调查的结果, 为进一步研究烟台市食源性疾病流行趋势提供科学依据, 为有效预防此类事件的再次发生, 关注食品卫生安全, 提高对食源性疾病的预警和防控能力。
2023 年 8 月 26 日晚上熏肉大饼摊位就餐后,出现发热、恶心、腹痛且伴有腹泻次数 $> 3$ 次/天(大便性状改变), 或有呕吐、头痛、头晕症状之一者为该次事件的可能病例。
采集各类样本 6 份, 熏肉大饼摊点夹子 1 份环境标本, 酱肉、熏肉 2 份食品样本, 3 份就医患者粪便样本(均为用药前采集)。
SBG 磺胺增菌液(批号 220301)、7.5%氯化钠肉汤(批号、沙门氏菌显色培养基(批号 230714)、木糖赖氨酸脱氧胆盐琼脂(Xylose lysine Desoxycholate Agar, XLD, 批号 230113)、Baird-Parker 培养基基础(批号 210813)、甘露醇卵黄多粘菌素琼脂基础 (Mannitol-Egg-Yolk-Polymyxin Agar Base, MYP, 批 号 211214)、伊红美蓝琼脂(Eosin-Methylene Blue Agar, EMB,等培养基均购自北京陆桥技术股份有限公司并验收合格。全自动隔水式微生物培养箱(上海博迅医疗生物仪器股份有限公司 BXP-280S), 革兰氏阴性需要菌药敏检测板(美国 Thermo Fisher Scientific), XbaI 限制性内切酶 (大连 TaKaRa 公司), 全自动药敏分析仪(美国 Thermo), 浊度仪(美国 BioMerieux 公司),全自动毛细管凝胶电泳 (QIAxcel Advanced), 脉冲场凝胶电泳仪(美国 Bio-Rad CHEF-DR III), 凝胶成像系统(美国 Bio-Rad DOC XR+), BioNumerics Version 6.0 图像分析软件和 excel 表格。
按照病例定义标准进行排查, 并通过食源性疾病病例监测系统搜索查找熏肉大饼摊位就餐后出现发热、恶心、 腹痛、腹泻等症状的病人,使用食物中毒个案调查登记表对患者的基本信息, 发病过程, 主要临床症状, 治疗情况, 发病 72 小时摄入的食物、饮水等情况进行逐一调查记录, 并进行描述性流行病学分析。
所采集样本分别用 SBG 增菌液、7.5%氯化钠肉汤、营养肉汤 36°C增菌 24 小时, 参考 GB4789.4-2016 《食品安全国家安全 食品微生物学检验 沙门氏菌检验》 GB4789.6-2016 《食品安全国家安全 食品微生物学检验致泻大肠埃希氏菌检验》、GB4789.10-2016《食品安全国家安全 食品微生物学检验 金黄色葡萄球菌检验》、 GB4789.14-2014《食品安全国家安全 食品微生物学检验蜡样芽孢杆菌检验》分离培养可疑菌落[ 1 - 4 ],借助 API20E 细菌鉴定系统对可疑菌落进行生化实验确认,通过沙门氏菌属诊断血清进行血清凝集试验。依据沙门氏菌血清型属 Kauffmann- White 抗原表, 用沙门氏菌血清型属诊断血清确定血清型。
参照中国食源性致病菌分子分型监测网络 PulseNet 及 《2023 年国家食源性疾病监测工作手册》中沙门氏菌 PFGE 标准操作程序, 并参考相关文献进行[ 5 - 6 ]。主要步骤:胶块内染色体 DNA 的酶切使用内切酶 Xba I 酶切(标准菌株 H9812 使用 Xba I 酶切),脉冲场电泳仪上电泳(温度 ${14}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 、 起始转换时间为 ${2.16}\mathrm{\;s}$ ,终止转换时间为 ${63.8}\mathrm{\;s}$ ) ${19}\mathrm{\;h}$ 。电泳结束后, GelRed 染色 30 min,脱色 90 min 后,使用 GelDoc XR+拍摄图像。用 BioNumerics 软件对电泳图像进行数据分析, 得到菌株带型相似性的聚类分析图谱。
采用微量肉汤稀释法, 以 ATCC25922 大肠埃希氏菌为质控菌株, 依据其说明书的检测原理及操作步骤完成: 即每种抗生素都设有一系列倍比稀释浓度的抗生素试剂, 通过加入待检细菌肉汤培养液稀释的菌悬液,经 孵育后,对药敏板条进行判数,经数据分析得到最低抑菌浓度 (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration, MIC)值, 并参考美国临床实验室标准化委员会(Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute,CLSI)的 M100 和 M45(2015相应折点标准获得相应敏感(S)、中度敏感(I)和耐药(R)的结果。共检测 15 种抗生素:氯霉素、复方新诺明、多粘菌素E、厄他培南、 美罗培南、头孢噻肟、头孢他啶、头孢他啶/阿维巴坦、四环素、替加环素、环丙沙星、阿奇霉素、阿米卡星、氨苄西林、氨苄西林/舒巴坦。
经调查, 符合本次病例定义的有 8 例, 4 例男性, 4 例女性, 最小年龄 20 岁, 最大年龄 37 岁, 4 例患者为同一大学在校学生, 其余 4 例为不同小区居住居民。 8 例患者以发热、恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻为主,临床表现分布见 表 1 。第一起事件首发病例患者于 8 月 27 日 7 时发病, 末发病例患者 8 月 27 日 8 时发病,发病最短潜伏期 11 小时, 最长潜伏期 12 小时; 第二起事件首发病例患者于 8 月 28 日 1 时发病, 末发病例患者 8 月 28 日 1 时 30 分发病, 发病最短潜伏期 7 小时, 最长潜伏期 7.5 小时: 第三起事件首发病例患者于 8 月 30 日 8 时发病,末发病例患者 8 月 30 日 8 时 30 分发病, 发病最短潜伏期 15 小时, 最长潜伏期 15.5 小时, 三起事件具有连续性, 属于具有共同危险因素暴露史, 即均购买食用了同一摊位的熏肉大饼。该涉事摊位无法提供健康证明, 卫生制度落实不到位等情况, 存在一定食品安全隐患。
6 份样本中均分离出沙门氏菌, 6 株细菌在沙门氏菌显色平板上均为紫红色菌落, API20E 生化鉴定结果符合沙门氏菌的生化特征,再进行玻片凝集试验,血清学鉴定多价菌体抗原(O)和多价鞭毛抗原(H),同时用生理盐水做对照, 确定血清凝集抗原式为: 9,12:g, m:-,生理盐水未凝集。根据血清学分型鉴定的结果, 依据 Kauffman-White 表判定菌型为肠炎沙门氏菌。
将 6 株沙门氏菌株用限制性内切酶 Xba I 酶切后进行 PFGE, 胶块经 GelRed 染液染色后用凝胶成像系统拍摄成像, 结果显示 6 株沙门氏菌株的电泳条带均相同且分子量大小一致。6 株沙门氏菌株的脉冲场电泳图谱导入 BioNumerics 软件分析显示 6 株沙氏菌株的相似度为 100%,说明为同型别菌株,见 图 1 。
通过微量肉汤稀释法对 6 株沙门氏菌株进行药敏试验, 结果显示 6 株沙门氏菌株对氯霉素(Chloramphenicol, CHL)、复方新诺明(Sulfamethoxazole, SXT)、厄他培南 (Ertapenem, ETP)、美罗培南(Meropenem, MEM)、头孢他啶(Ceftazidime, CAZ)、头孢他啶/阿维巴坦 (Ceftazidime/avibactam, CZA)、替加环素(Tigecycline, TIG)、阿奇霉素(Azithromycin, AZM)、阿米卡星(Amikacin, AMI)敏感率100%,对多粘菌素E(Colistin, CT)、头孢噻肟 (Cefotaxime, CTX)、四环素(Tetracycline, TET)、环丙沙星 (Ciprofloxacin, CIP)、氨苄西林(Ampicillin, AMP)、氨苄西林/舒巴坦(Ampicillin/Sulbactam, AMS)耐药率 100%。
近年来, 食源性疾病发病率在全球范围内呈现上涨趋势,世界各地频繁发生食品安全恶性事件[ 7 ]。食源性疾病的暴发与食源性病原微生物息息相关, 其中沙门氏菌是引起食物和水传播疾病最常见的病原微生物之一, 持续威胁公共健康 [ 7 - 9 ] 。沙门氏菌繁殖的最适温度为 ${37}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ ,对外界不利因素的抵抗力很强,在 $7 -{45}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 的条件下都能繁殖,沙门氏菌不易在水中繁殖, 但可生存 2-3 周, 在粪便中可存活 1-8 个月, 在 20%的食盐腌肉中能存活 75 天, 沙门菌对热敏感,60°C条件下 ${15}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ 可被杀死,易受其污染的食品主要为禽肉类,其次为蛋类,奶和奶制品 [ 10 - 12 ] 。肠炎沙门氏菌是导致沙门氏菌食源性疾病最常见的血清型之一[ 11 , 13 ]
本次事件现场流行病学调查显示发病 8 人,临床症状相似, 以发热, 恶心, 呕吐, 腹痛, 腹泻为主, 符合沙门氏菌感染临床表现,患者进行血常规检查,结果提示可能存在细菌性感染,大便常规沙门氏菌阳性,经对症治疗后好转痊愈。患者具有相同的危险因素暴露史, 均购买食用了同一摊位的熏肉大饼, 且在涉事摊位的环境及食品中均检出肠炎沙门氏菌,与 3 例病例便样检测结果相同。现场卫生学调查显示, 涉事摊位人员无法提供健康证明, 卫生制度落实不到位, 未能出示原材料购入相关索证索票, 存在一定食品安全隐患。结合实验室检测结果综合分析, 推断此次为一起同源暴露的食源性疾病暴发事件, 可疑食品为熏肉, 发病 8 人, 无重病及死亡病例。
PFGE 分子分型技术被誉为细菌分子分型技术的 “金标准”, 是国家致病识别网重要组成部分, 操作方案标准化,重复性好,分型能力强 [ 9 , 14 ] 。本起事件,采用 PFGE 对从熏肉、酱肉、环境及 3 例患者的粪便中分离到的 6 株肠炎沙门氏菌株进行了聚类分析, 6 株菌为同一型别, 同一来源, 提示本起事件是由被肠炎沙门氏菌污染的熏肉引起, 为确定该起食源性疾病暴发原因提供了实验室依据。 另外, 研究结果显示, 近年来, 在我国沙门氏菌耐药性问题日益突出 [ 9 , 13 - 15 ] ,本次实验通过微量肉汤稀释法检测肠炎沙门氏菌耐药性,结果显示这 6 株菌株对 CHL、SXT、ETP、 MEM、CAZ、CZA、TIG、AZM、AMI 敏感,耐药谱为 CT-CTX- TET-CIP-AMP-AMS, 均呈现 6 重耐药现象,提示沙门氏菌多重耐药现象明显。
通过此次食源性疾病暴发事件, 建议市民在购买熟食时关注摊位卫生条件,尽可能加热后食用;建议餐饮服务单位在日常经营过程中严格落实各项卫生制度, 规范管理, 及时对加工场所及用具清洗消毒, 避免生熟交叉污染, 保障食品生产加工安全; 市场监管部门应切实加强对餐饮服务单位的日常监管; 医疗机构要加强食源性疾病监测, 发现疑似事件要及时报告,并注意加强事件所涉及患者的呕吐物和腹泻物等标本的采集及规范留存;各级各部门应加强健康教育知识宣传力度,提高居民食品安全意识。

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  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
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    烟台市芝罘区疾病预防控制中心 烟台 264001

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*许国峰, 硕士研究生, 副主任医师, 芝罘区疾控中心党委副书记, 研究领域: 传染病防控、公共卫生、学校卫生、突发公卫事件应急处置。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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