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Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the variation of SERS effect intensity with the distance between probe molecules and the enhanced surface using atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology. Methods The study used ALD technology to deposit two-dimensional materials with different thicknesses on the surface of SERS to block raman probe molecules from the surface, exploring the weakening effect of different interaction distances on the SERS effect of the surface, and studying the changes in raman spectral intensity of probe molecules;the study used a silver-silicon combination as the SERS substrate, and a crystal violet aqueous solution with a concentration of ${10}^{-4}\mathrm{\;{mol}}/\mathrm{L}$ as a raman probe to conduct SERS effect exploration experiments on two-dimensional materials with different thicknesses. Results The final experimental results prove that the liquid SERS spectral intensity at the ${532}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ laser wavelength generally weakens with the increase in the thickness of the two-dimensional material. Conclusion 5 nm thickness is its limiting distance.

, authors=null, authorsList=Yu-Xi CHANG, Peng-Shuai ZHU, Xiang LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yu-Xi CHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*CHANG Yu-Xi, Master, Assistant Engineer, The 703rd Research Institute, Wuxi Branch, China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation, Wuxi 211400, China. E-mail:
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目的 使用原子层沉积(atomic layer deposition, ALD)技术探究表面增强拉曼(surface enhancement of raman scattering, SERS)效应强度随探针分子与增强表面距离的变化。方法 研究使用 ALD 技术在 SERS 表面沉积不同厚度的二维材料以阻隔拉曼探针分子与表面,从而探究不同作用距离对于该表面 SERS 效应的削弱作用,并研究探针分子拉曼光谱强度的变化;以银-硅组合作为 SERS 基底,以 10 ${}^{4}\mathrm{{mol}}/\mathrm{L}$ 浓度结晶紫水溶液作为拉曼探针进行了不同厚度二维材料下的 SERS 效应探究实验。结果 ${532}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ 激光波长下的液体 SERS 光谱强度大体上随二维材料厚度的增大而减弱。结论 $5\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ 厚度是其作用极限距离。

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常玉玺,硕士,助理工程师,研究方向为传热测控。

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*常玉玺, 硕士, 助理工程师, 研究方向为传热测控。E-mail:
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intensity change of the characteristic peak at the Raman shift of ${1176}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$, figureFileSmall=R9DVvKBIoNUIuvFQDLMXiA==, figureFileBig=kjLCZXj8MPArv35yB02PBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1157017175270711999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017137496809544, language=CN, label=图 3, caption=拉曼位移为 ${1176}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 处特征峰平均峰强变化折线图, figureFileSmall=R9DVvKBIoNUIuvFQDLMXiA==, figureFileBig=kjLCZXj8MPArv35yB02PBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1157017175321043648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017137496809544, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Line chart of the average peak intensity change of the characteristic peak at the Raman shift of ${1369}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$, figureFileSmall=6bOaMfyjfGl/TQSkOX5aLg==, figureFileBig=6y/yrjBOLYt2LLW9zEvSbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1157017175375569601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, 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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017137496809544, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Line chart of the average peak intensity change of the characteristic peak at the Raman shift of ${1620}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$, figureFileSmall=DoWur9i+gLqn1TZgvbc9wA==, figureFileBig=OFDe+kIf05X/qqysK4GSGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1157017175602062021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017137496809544, language=CN, label=图 6, caption=拉曼位移为 ${1620}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 处特征峰平均峰强变化折线图, figureFileSmall=DoWur9i+gLqn1TZgvbc9wA==, figureFileBig=OFDe+kIf05X/qqysK4GSGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1157017175656587974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017137496809544, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Average peak intensity table of crystalline raman spectra for different thicknesses of two-dimensional materials on substrates, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基底种类 ${913}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 峰强 ${1176}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 峰强 ${1369}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 峰强 ${1586}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 峰强 ${1620}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 峰强
0nm 覆膜 4332 3532 3904 3438 5091
1nm 覆膜 2941 2378 3031 2042 3769
2nm 覆膜 1961 1806 2173 1492 2411
3nm 覆膜 957 840 775 815 1012
4nm 覆膜 795 653 521 757 695
5nm 覆膜 283 263 274 236 359
纯硅基底 260 249 256 169 331
), ArticleFig(id=1157017175711113927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157017137496809544, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=不同二维材料厚度基底结晶紫拉曼光谱平均特征峰强度表, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基底种类 ${913}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 峰强 ${1176}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 峰强 ${1369}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 峰强 ${1586}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 峰强 ${1620}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 峰强
0nm 覆膜 4332 3532 3904 3438 5091
1nm 覆膜 2941 2378 3031 2042 3769
2nm 覆膜 1961 1806 2173 1492 2411
3nm 覆膜 957 840 775 815 1012
4nm 覆膜 795 653 521 757 695
5nm 覆膜 283 263 274 236 359
纯硅基底 260 249 256 169 331
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基于原子层沉积基底的液体分子表面增强拉曼作用距离分析
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常玉玺 * , 朱鹏帅 , 李享
实验室检测 | 创新应用 2024,2(2): 33-35
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实验室检测 |创新应用 2024 , 2 (2) : 33 -35
基于原子层沉积基底的液体分子表面增强拉曼作用距离分析
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常玉玺* , 朱鹏帅, 李享
作者信息
  • 中国船舶集团公司第七○三研究所 无锡分部 无锡 211400
通讯作者:
*常玉玺, 硕士, 助理工程师, 研究方向为传热测控。E-mail:
Distance analysis of surface-enhanced raman scattering of liquid molecules based on atomic layer deposition substrate
Yu-Xi CHANG* , Peng-Shuai ZHU, Xiang LI
Affiliations
  • Wuxi Branch The 703rd Research Institute, China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation Wuxi 211400 China
  • Corresponding Author:
    *CHANG Yu-Xi, Master, Assistant Engineer, The 703rd Research Institute, Wuxi Branch, China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation, Wuxi 211400, China. E-mail:
出版时间: 2024-02-08
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目的 使用原子层沉积(atomic layer deposition, ALD)技术探究表面增强拉曼(surface enhancement of raman scattering, SERS)效应强度随探针分子与增强表面距离的变化。方法 研究使用 ALD 技术在 SERS 表面沉积不同厚度的二维材料以阻隔拉曼探针分子与表面,从而探究不同作用距离对于该表面 SERS 效应的削弱作用,并研究探针分子拉曼光谱强度的变化;以银-硅组合作为 SERS 基底,以 10 ${}^{4}\mathrm{{mol}}/\mathrm{L}$ 浓度结晶紫水溶液作为拉曼探针进行了不同厚度二维材料下的 SERS 效应探究实验。结果 ${532}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ 激光波长下的液体 SERS 光谱强度大体上随二维材料厚度的增大而减弱。结论 $5\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ 厚度是其作用极限距离。

表面增强拉曼  /  原子层沉积  /  数据分析  /  拉曼探针  /  作用距离

Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the variation of SERS effect intensity with the distance between probe molecules and the enhanced surface using atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology. Methods The study used ALD technology to deposit two-dimensional materials with different thicknesses on the surface of SERS to block raman probe molecules from the surface, exploring the weakening effect of different interaction distances on the SERS effect of the surface, and studying the changes in raman spectral intensity of probe molecules;the study used a silver-silicon combination as the SERS substrate, and a crystal violet aqueous solution with a concentration of ${10}^{-4}\mathrm{\;{mol}}/\mathrm{L}$ as a raman probe to conduct SERS effect exploration experiments on two-dimensional materials with different thicknesses. Results The final experimental results prove that the liquid SERS spectral intensity at the ${532}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ laser wavelength generally weakens with the increase in the thickness of the two-dimensional material. Conclusion 5 nm thickness is its limiting distance.

SERS  /  ALD  /  data analysis  /  raman probe  /  operating distance
常玉玺, 朱鹏帅, 李享. 基于原子层沉积基底的液体分子表面增强拉曼作用距离分析. 实验室检测, 2024 , 2 (2) : 33 -35 .
Yu-Xi CHANG, Peng-Shuai ZHU, Xiang LI. Distance analysis of surface-enhanced raman scattering of liquid molecules based on atomic layer deposition substrate[J]. Laboratory Testing, 2024 , 2 (2) : 33 -35 .
表面增强拉曼(surface enhancement of raman scattering, SERS)效应自从 1974 年被发现以来, 成为众多科研机构一直以来的研究热点 [ 1 - 5 ] 。目前,对于 SERS 的产生机理理论主要包括物理类模型理论 [ 6 - 7 ] (如电磁场增强模型)和化学类模型理论 [ 8 - 9 ] (如电荷转移模型)等。其中,表面电磁增强模型又称表面等离子体共振模型, 该模型指出拉曼散射会与某些金属分子表面产生的等离子体震荡发生共振, 从而使探针分子产生极大的能量并造成拉曼增强效应。具体原理如下:
如 图 1 所示, 将 SERS 表面金属分子看做是比拉曼活性分子大得多的纳米级颗粒, ${\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{i}}$ 为频率为 ${\omega }_{0}$ 的照射平面波 (激光), ${\mathrm{E}}_{\text{Raman }}$ 则是频率为 $\omega$ 的拉曼散射。
根据电磁场增强的机理, 这个模型的 SERS 增强因子为 [ 10 ] :
$\mathrm{K}= \left|{A{\left({v}_{L}\right)}^{2}}\right|{\left| A\left({v}_{S}\right)\right|}^{2}\sim {\left(\frac{a}{{r}^{\prime }}\right)}^{12}$
式中 $\left|{A{\left({v}_{L}\right)}^{2}}\right|\text{、}{\left| A\left({v}_{S}\right)\right|}^{2}$ 分别是拉曼探针分子的激发场及散射场增强因子。由此可见, 增强因子与拉曼分子和增强颗粒表面距离的 12 次方成反比。所以,增大探针分子与增强表面的距离, SERS 效应会急剧减小。
原子层沉积(atomic layer deposition, ALD)技术是一种基于表面气相化学反应的薄膜沉淀技术, 也称为原子层外延技术 [ 11 ] 。在实际操作过程中,通过改变 ALD 设备的沉积工艺循环次数, 可以精确控制沉积膜厚度, 从而能精确地在 SERS 基底上生长不同厚度的二维材料以起到阻隔拉曼探针分子的作用。采用此方法, 可制备不同阻隔距离的 SERS 基底, 从而探究该种基底 SERS 强度随阻隔距离的具体变化。本研究使用 ALD 技术在 SERS 表面沉积不同厚度的二维材料以阻隔拉曼探针分子与表面, 从而探究不同作用距离对于该表面 SERS 效应的削弱作用, 并研究探针分子拉曼光谱强度的变化
研究选取合肥科晶公司 4 英寸无掺杂光滑硅片作为 SERS 基底材料并对其进行表面拉曼增强。贵金属金银作为常用的拉曼增强金属材料, 在各种 SERS 表面的研究中具有重要地位 [ 12 ] 。因此,本研究使用电子束蒸发机,在 4 英寸硅片基底上均匀蒸镀 ${10}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ 厚度的铬金属粘附层及 ${200}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ 厚度的银膜。在实验使用前将镀银硅片切成若干小片予以备用。
在上述步骤制备的镀银硅基底上滴入结晶紫溶液并覆盖盖玻片使液膜均匀, 对此固-液试样进行不同点位的波长为 ${532}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ 激光的拉曼探测,得到结晶紫溶液的综合拉曼光谱。
结晶紫拉曼光谱中拉曼位移为 ${913}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 、 ${1176}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 、 ${1369}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 、 ${1586}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 、 ${1620}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 的五处特征峰峰高最为明显,可以作为探究不同拉曼作用距离的比较峰。
实验使用 ALD 设备对数片镀银硅片沉积不同厚度的纳米级氧化铝薄膜,并分别进行结晶紫溶液拉曼光谱测定。 实验采用科民电子 TALD-200A型 PEALD 设备沉积氧化铝镀膜。具体步骤如下:
(1)将五片待处理镀银硅片统一固定至长 ${10}\mathrm{\;{cm}}$ 、宽 5 $\mathrm{{cm}}$ 、厚 $1\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 的基底铜板上,以避免沉积过程中的腔体清洗气导致待镀样品片产生位移或翻转。将样品放入沉积设备。
(2)调试设备程序,将一轮沉积过程中沉积程序的循环次数设定为 10 次, 即一轮沉积过程过后基底上共沉积约 $1\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ 厚度的氧化铝薄膜。进行一轮 ALD 沉积过程。此时五片沉积片表面均沉积有约 $1\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ 厚度的氧化铝。
(3)待此轮沉积过程完成后打开设备腔体,将其中一片镀银硅片取出保存,剩下的镀银硅片放还腔内进行下一轮沉积。此后每进行一轮沉积后取出一片样品。试验共进行 5 轮沉积, 最终得到沉积循环次数分别为 10、20、30、 40、50 的 5 片沉积片。这 5 片沉积片沉积的氧化铝厚度分别为 $1 \sim 5\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ 。
(1)将上述 ALD 实验得到的 5 片沉积有不同厚度氧化铝的镀银硅片进行以 ${10}^{-4}\mathrm{\;{mol}}/\mathrm{L}$ 结晶紫溶液为探针分子的 ${532}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ 拉曼激光测试,测试步骤与前文相同。为确保数据多样性,在每片镀银硅片上随机选取 20~30 个点位进行多次测试, 共得到一百余组覆盖不同厚度氧化铝 SERS 基底的拉曼测试数据。
(2)选取一片同批次的、未经 ALD 沉积的镀银硅片进行对照实验, 并在此基底上随机选取 20 个点位进行结晶紫拉曼测试, 测试过程均与前述基底相同。
( 3 )在完成上述实验的基础上,选取一片同批次的未经任何处理的光滑硅片进行第二组对照实验, 在此硅基底上选取 10 个点位进行结晶紫拉曼测试, 测试过程仍与前述基底相同。
对得到实验数据进行统一处理, 使用 Labspec6 软件复现各个测量点位的拉曼光谱图并对每个光谱图计算出五处比较峰峰高,在去除极端数据后统一取平均值进行比较。 平均谱峰强度(相对值任意单位, a.u.)数据如 表 1 。
对五处目标特征峰的强度变化进行比较。陈建[ 13 - 15 ]等的研究指出了结晶紫拉曼光谱不同位置特征峰的激发原因。其中,结晶紫分子在拉曼位移为 ${913}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 处的特征峰产生原因是结晶紫分子的放射状芳香环骨架震动。如 图 2 所示,6 种不同厚度覆膜基底峰强的衰减以 $3\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ 覆膜厚度为界可分为两段不同程度的减弱。
拉曼位移为 ${1176}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 处的特征峰产生原因为分子中的 $\mathrm{C}- \mathrm{H}$ 共价键。 $\mathrm{C}- \mathrm{H}$ 共价键性质较为稳定不易见光分解, 故其峰强衰减速度较为平缓。
拉曼位移为 ${1369}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 处的特征峰产生原因为 N-phenyl 化学键的作用,从折线图可以看出,其在 $2 \sim 3\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ 的覆膜厚度变化区间内特征峰强度衰减较为严重,而在 3 $\mathrm{{nm}}$ 覆膜过后特征峰强度衰减减缓。
拉曼位移为 ${1586}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 及 ${1620}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 处的特征峰产生原因均为 $\mathrm{C}= \mathrm{C}$ 键及芳香环。由于 $\mathrm{C}= \mathrm{C}$ 键存在不稳定性,1620cm ${}^{-1}$ 处特征峰的衰减程度较其余特征峰大,而 ${1586}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 处特征峰的衰减程度与 ${1176}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 处特征峰的高度相似,且 ${1586}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 处特征峰的两段衰减过程较为线性。
(1)综合来看,五个拉曼比较峰强度均随覆膜厚度的增加出现下降, 这符合了 SERS 增强因子随探针分子距增强表面的距离增大而减小的理论。
(2)30 次循环覆膜之后的峰强下降变缓,整个下降曲线大体上呈 “两段式” 下降。说明峰强的衰减并非与距离呈简单的线性关系, 而是与理论中提出的反比例关系较为契合。
(3)经 $5\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ 氧化铝覆膜后,镀银硅基底的结晶紫溶液拉曼特征峰峰强事实上已经与纯硅基底强度无异。因此本研究认为进行 $5\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ 厚度覆膜氧化铝镀层后镀银 SERS 作用达到极限。
受实验条件限制, 本实验 ALD 覆膜循环次数的间隔区间设置较大, 对每个循环次数区间内的衰减情况还有待更进一步的研究。此外, 预计改变探针分子种类以及覆膜物质也可能会对衰减情况造成变化。如可将探针分子更换为固态拉曼探针(固体罗丹明 $6\mathrm{G}$ 涂层等),覆膜物质更换为二氧化硅等非金属氧化物覆膜。

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  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
  • 出版时间:2024-02-08
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    中国船舶集团公司第七○三研究所 无锡分部 无锡 211400

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*常玉玺, 硕士, 助理工程师, 研究方向为传热测控。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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