Article(id=1157016321230721311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1157016315505500417, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753783787304, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=1704643200000, pubDateStr=2024-01-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753783787304, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753783787304, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753783787304, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1157016315505500417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, year='2024', volume='2', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='144', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=0, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1753783785940, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753783966923, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157017074661941313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1157016315505500417, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157017074661941314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1157016315505500417, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=129, endPage=135, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1157016322178634026, articleId=1157016321230721311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, language=EN, title=Metabolomics study on the analgesic effect of traditional Chinese medicine Yuanbaocao, columnId=1156641066674676444, journalTitle=Laboratory Testing, columnName=Evaluation and Analysis, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective Based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technology and partial least squares analysis (PLS-DA) metabolomics methods, observe the changes in serum metabolites of mice after administration of traditional Chinese medicine Yuanbaocao, and provide a preliminary explanation for the analgesic mechanism. Methods Establish two analgesic models, the hot plate method and the acetic acid writhing method, and use GC/MS to detect and analyze etabolites in mouse serum. After collecting data, PLS-DA method is used to detect and classify endogenous small molecule metabolites in the samples. Results The hot plate analgesic experiment showed that there were extremely significant differences $\left({P<{0.01}}\right)$ in the licking time between the aspirin group, the high and medium dose groups of Yuanbaocao mice, and the model group at 30 and 60 minutes. As the administration time prolonged, Yuanbaocao showed different inhibitory effects on pain symptoms, which was inferred to be related to the high or low blood drug concentration. Compared with the blank group, the number of body twists in the Yuanbaocao group mice decreased significantly $\left({P <{0.01}}\right)$ , indicating that Yuanbaocao has a certain degree of analgesic effect. There are significant differences in the metabolic characteristics of mouse serum, and further screening of metabolic pathways that have a significant impact on data classification identified that taurine, glutathione, arginine and proline, ascorbic acid 5 metabolic pathways are related to pain metabolism. Conclusion The Yuanbaocao group can reverse abnormal changes to a certain extent and has analgesic effects.

, correspAuthors=Xu-Xia LIANG, Xiao-Yan Liang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*LIANG Xu-Xia, Ph.D, Guangdong Province Institute of Biological Products and Materia Medica,Guangzhou, 510440, China;
Liang Xiao-Yan,The Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine Hospital,Nanning,530011,China,E-mail:
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目的 基于气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)技术和偏最小二乘分析(PLS-DA)代谢组学方法,观察给予元宝草后小鼠血清代谢物组变化,并对镇痛机制进行初步解释。方法 建立小鼠热板法以及醋酸扭体法两种镇痛模型,借助 GC/MS对小鼠血清进行代谢物检测分析,收集数据后,采用 PLS-DA 方法对样品中内源性小分子代谢产物进行检测和分类处理。结果 热板法镇痛实验表明阿司匹林组、元宝草组、中剂量组小鼠和模型组比较,在 ${30}\mathrm{\;{min}}$${60}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ 时舔足时间均有极显著性差异 $\left({P<{0.01}}\right)$ ,随着给药时间的延长,元宝草对痛症的抑制作用表现出不同的效果,推断与血药浓度的高低有关;和空白组相比,元宝草组小鼠的扭体次数有降低,差异显著 $\left({P<{0.01}}\right)$ ,表明元宝草在一定程度上起到镇痛作用;小鼠血清代谢特征有显著差异,进一步筛选对数据分类存在较大影响的代谢通路,鉴别得到牛磺酸、谷胱甘肽、精氨酸和脯氨酸、抗坏血酸5 代谢途径与疼痛的代谢情况有关。结论 元宝草组在一定程度上可以逆转异常改变, 具有镇痛作用。

, correspAuthors=梁旭霞, 梁晓艳, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*梁旭霞,博士,研究方向为食品药品质量标准。E-mail:;
梁晓艳,副主任药师,研究方向:临床药学与中药药理。E-mail:
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杨代晓,药师,研究方向为食品药品质量标准。

梁旭霞,博士,研究方向:食品药品质量标准。

梁晓艳,副主任药师,研究方向:临床药学与中药药理。

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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157016321230721311, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Score plot analysis results of GC/MS of mouse serum in each group, figureFileSmall=N9EgIXR7DEvbt3c6Wjzipw==, figureFileBig=9yf4KKnNUVcEZMPDB5S46Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1157033210229166677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157016321230721311, language=CN, label=图 6, caption=各组小鼠血清 GC/MS 的得分图分析结果, figureFileSmall=N9EgIXR7DEvbt3c6Wjzipw==, figureFileBig=9yf4KKnNUVcEZMPDB5S46Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1157033210505990745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157016321230721311, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Results of mouse acetic acid writhing test, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
(Mean±S.D.)
组别 剂量 扭体次数
空白组 - ${55.4}\pm {6.08}$
阿司匹林组 ${0.20}\mathrm{\;g}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ ${24.1}\pm {5.59}^{** }$
元宝草组 ${0.504}\mathrm{\;g}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ ${30.1}\pm {3.45}^{** \# }$
), ArticleFig(id=1157033210610848347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157016321230721311, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=小鼠醋酸扭体法实验结果(Mean $\pm$ S.D), figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
(Mean±S.D.)
组别 剂量 扭体次数
空白组 - ${55.4}\pm {6.08}$
阿司匹林组 ${0.20}\mathrm{\;g}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ ${24.1}\pm {5.59}^{** }$
元宝草组 ${0.504}\mathrm{\;g}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ ${30.1}\pm {3.45}^{** \# }$
), ArticleFig(id=1157033210766037596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157016321230721311, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Effects of foot licking time of mice in each group (mean $\pm \mathrm{S}.\mathrm{D},\mathrm{n}= 5$ , s), figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间 CON MOD ASP HIG MID LOW
30min _____ ${17.5}\pm {5.54}$ ${34.0}\pm {7.93}^{** }$ ${32.1}\pm {7.89}^{** }$ ${29.7}\pm {9.86}^{** }$ ${27.6}\pm {6.9}^{\# * }$
60min _____ ${15.2}\pm {4.49}$ ${35.6}^{\pm {6.5}}{1}^{\# \# }$ ${32.8}\pm {8.68}^{\# \# }$ ${27.1}\pm {8.48}^{\# {\# }^{* }}$ ${24.7}\pm {9.12}{}^{\# \# * *}$
120min _____ ${17.4}\pm {7.90}$ ${34.6}\pm {8.15}^{\# \# }$ ${30.3}\pm {8.81}^{\# * }$ ${24.4}\pm {6.35}^{** *}$ ${21.0}\pm {6.04}^{** }$
), ArticleFig(id=1157033211080610398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157016321230721311, language=CN, label=表 2, caption=各组小鼠舔足时间的影响(mean $\pm \mathrm{S}.\mathrm{D},\mathrm{n}= 5$ , s), figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间 CON MOD ASP HIG MID LOW
30min _____ ${17.5}\pm {5.54}$ ${34.0}\pm {7.93}^{** }$ ${32.1}\pm {7.89}^{** }$ ${29.7}\pm {9.86}^{** }$ ${27.6}\pm {6.9}^{\# * }$
60min _____ ${15.2}\pm {4.49}$ ${35.6}^{\pm {6.5}}{1}^{\# \# }$ ${32.8}\pm {8.68}^{\# \# }$ ${27.1}\pm {8.48}^{\# {\# }^{* }}$ ${24.7}\pm {9.12}{}^{\# \# * *}$
120min _____ ${17.4}\pm {7.90}$ ${34.6}\pm {8.15}^{\# \# }$ ${30.3}\pm {8.81}^{\# * }$ ${24.4}\pm {6.35}^{** *}$ ${21.0}\pm {6.04}^{** }$
), ArticleFig(id=1157033211286131298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157016321230721311, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=Experimental methodology linear range, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 (Compounds) 线性范围(mg/mL)(linear range) 回归曲线 (regression curve) 相关系数(r)(correlation coefficient)
Alanine ${2.08}- {208.0}$ $\mathrm{y}= {0.0137}\mathrm{x}+ {0.1076}$ 0.9964
Serine ${2.09}- {209.0}$ $\mathrm{y}= {0.0083}\mathrm{x}+ {0.0556}$ 0.9925
Leucine ${2.09}- {209.0}$ y = 0.0171x - 0.1003 0.9956
Threonine ${1.95}- {195.0}$ $\mathrm{y}= {0.0089}\mathrm{x}+ {0.0625}$ 0.9903
Glycine ${2.05}- {205.0}$ $\mathrm{y}= {0.0141}\mathrm{x}+ {0.0082}$ 0.9926
Citric acid ${2.09}- {209.0}$ $\mathrm{y}= {0.0187}\mathrm{x}+ {0.0065}$ 0.9950
Tryptophan 20.8-208.0 y = 0.0128x - 0.3758 0.9914
), ArticleFig(id=1157033211424543332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1157016321230721311, language=CN, label=表 3, caption=实验方法学线性范围, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 (Compounds) 线性范围(mg/mL)(linear range) 回归曲线 (regression curve) 相关系数(r)(correlation coefficient)
Alanine ${2.08}- {208.0}$ $\mathrm{y}= {0.0137}\mathrm{x}+ {0.1076}$ 0.9964
Serine ${2.09}- {209.0}$ $\mathrm{y}= {0.0083}\mathrm{x}+ {0.0556}$ 0.9925
Leucine ${2.09}- {209.0}$ y = 0.0171x - 0.1003 0.9956
Threonine ${1.95}- {195.0}$ $\mathrm{y}= {0.0089}\mathrm{x}+ {0.0625}$ 0.9903
Glycine ${2.05}- {205.0}$ $\mathrm{y}= {0.0141}\mathrm{x}+ {0.0082}$ 0.9926
Citric acid ${2.09}- {209.0}$ $\mathrm{y}= {0.0187}\mathrm{x}+ {0.0065}$ 0.9950
Tryptophan 20.8-208.0 y = 0.0128x - 0.3758 0.9914
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中药元宝草镇痛的代谢组学研究
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杨代晓 1 , 申健 1 , 张志烽 1 , 梁旭霞 1, * , 梁晓艳 2, *
实验室检测 | 评价与分析 2024,2(1): 129-135
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实验室检测 | 评价与分析 2024, 2(1): 129-135
中药元宝草镇痛的代谢组学研究
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杨代晓1 , 申健1, 张志烽1, 梁旭霞1, * , 梁晓艳2, *
作者信息
  • 1 广东省生物制品与药物研究所 广州 510440
  • 2 广西中医药大学附属瑞康医院 南宁 530011
  • 杨代晓,药师,研究方向为食品药品质量标准。

    梁旭霞,博士,研究方向:食品药品质量标准。

    梁晓艳,副主任药师,研究方向:临床药学与中药药理。

通讯作者:

*梁旭霞,博士,研究方向为食品药品质量标准。E-mail:;
梁晓艳,副主任药师,研究方向:临床药学与中药药理。E-mail:
Metabolomics study on the analgesic effect of traditional Chinese medicine Yuanbaocao
Dai-Xiao YANG1 , Jian SHEN1, Zhi-Feng ZHANG1, Xu-Xia LIANG1, * , Xiao-Yan Liang2, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Guangdong Province Institute of Biological Products and Materia Medica Guangzhou 510440 China
  • 2 The Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine Hospital Nanning 530011 China
出版时间: 2024-01-08
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目的 基于气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)技术和偏最小二乘分析(PLS-DA)代谢组学方法,观察给予元宝草后小鼠血清代谢物组变化,并对镇痛机制进行初步解释。方法 建立小鼠热板法以及醋酸扭体法两种镇痛模型,借助 GC/MS对小鼠血清进行代谢物检测分析,收集数据后,采用 PLS-DA 方法对样品中内源性小分子代谢产物进行检测和分类处理。结果 热板法镇痛实验表明阿司匹林组、元宝草组、中剂量组小鼠和模型组比较,在 ${30}\mathrm{\;{min}}$${60}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ 时舔足时间均有极显著性差异 $\left({P<{0.01}}\right)$ ,随着给药时间的延长,元宝草对痛症的抑制作用表现出不同的效果,推断与血药浓度的高低有关;和空白组相比,元宝草组小鼠的扭体次数有降低,差异显著 $\left({P<{0.01}}\right)$ ,表明元宝草在一定程度上起到镇痛作用;小鼠血清代谢特征有显著差异,进一步筛选对数据分类存在较大影响的代谢通路,鉴别得到牛磺酸、谷胱甘肽、精氨酸和脯氨酸、抗坏血酸5 代谢途径与疼痛的代谢情况有关。结论 元宝草组在一定程度上可以逆转异常改变, 具有镇痛作用。

元宝草  /  镇痛  /  代谢组学  /  气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)

Objective Based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technology and partial least squares analysis (PLS-DA) metabolomics methods, observe the changes in serum metabolites of mice after administration of traditional Chinese medicine Yuanbaocao, and provide a preliminary explanation for the analgesic mechanism. Methods Establish two analgesic models, the hot plate method and the acetic acid writhing method, and use GC/MS to detect and analyze etabolites in mouse serum. After collecting data, PLS-DA method is used to detect and classify endogenous small molecule metabolites in the samples. Results The hot plate analgesic experiment showed that there were extremely significant differences $\left({P<{0.01}}\right)$ in the licking time between the aspirin group, the high and medium dose groups of Yuanbaocao mice, and the model group at 30 and 60 minutes. As the administration time prolonged, Yuanbaocao showed different inhibitory effects on pain symptoms, which was inferred to be related to the high or low blood drug concentration. Compared with the blank group, the number of body twists in the Yuanbaocao group mice decreased significantly $\left({P <{0.01}}\right)$ , indicating that Yuanbaocao has a certain degree of analgesic effect. There are significant differences in the metabolic characteristics of mouse serum, and further screening of metabolic pathways that have a significant impact on data classification identified that taurine, glutathione, arginine and proline, ascorbic acid 5 metabolic pathways are related to pain metabolism. Conclusion The Yuanbaocao group can reverse abnormal changes to a certain extent and has analgesic effects.

traditional Chinese medicine Yuanbaocao  /  analgesic  /  metabonomics  /  GC-MS
杨代晓, 申健, 张志烽, 梁旭霞, 梁晓艳. 中药元宝草镇痛的代谢组学研究. 实验室检测, 2024 , 2 (1) : 129 -135 .
Dai-Xiao YANG, Jian SHEN, Zhi-Feng ZHANG, Xu-Xia LIANG, Xiao-Yan Liang. Metabolomics study on the analgesic effect of traditional Chinese medicine Yuanbaocao[J]. Laboratory Testing, 2024 , 2 (1) : 129 -135 .
镇痛实验是对实验动物施加引起疼痛的刺激, 使动物有疼痛反应。常用的致痛方法主要有化学性刺激法以及物理性刺激法, 热板法、 电刺激法、辐射热甩尾法、钾离子皮下透入致痛法等是常见的疼痛模型,所引起的反应主要有反射性退缩、强力逃避行为等[ 1 ]。强酸、强碱、福尔马林、辣椒素等许多刺激性化学物质会通过接触到皮肤粘膜或者注入体内产生疼痛反应, 可以用在生理性以及筛选镇痛药物的疼痛模型 [ 2 ] 。目前临床上使用的非甾体抗炎药等有毒副作用以及具有成瘾性等缺点, 需要引起足够的重视。中药具有镇痛效果好、不良反应较小等特点。本研究通过建立小鼠热板法以及醋酸扭体两种模型对元宝草的镇痛作用进行研究。代谢组学是负责研究随生物学变化而发生的动态小分子波动的领域, 反映了生物体特定生理状态下的实时机能, 中药代谢组在药物作用机制中的研究进展已广泛应用, 本文基于 GC/MS 代谢组学对中药元宝草的代谢机制进行研究。
本实验中, 实验所用药材元宝草产地为河北保定, 购自于河北安国药材公司, 药材是藤黄科元宝草(Hyperipum sampsonii Hance)的全草。
本研究的提取方法如下: 70% 的乙醇, ${60}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 的提取温度,乙醇用量料液比为 20 倍, 经过 3 次提取,每次 ${1.5}\mathrm{\;h}$ ,合并滤液后制备成干粉,得率为 12.62%,在 4 ℃的冰箱中保存待用 [ 3 ]
0.9%生理盐水(石家庄四药有限公司); TSP (3-(三甲基硅基)氘代丙酸钠)(加拿大默克公司);纯化水(屈臣氏(集团)有限公司);双(三甲基硅基)三氟乙酰胺(BSTFA)-三甲基氯硅烷(TMCS)=99:1(西格玛奥德里奇 (上海)贸易有限公司);DHEA- ${d}_{6}$ (西格玛奥德里奇贸易有限公司);乌来糖(国药集团化学试剂有限公司);普通氮气,纯度≥99.5%; 庚烷(梯烯爱(上海)化成工业发展有限责任公司)。
恒佳DT1001A电子天平(常熟佳衡天平仪器有限公司); JEOL ECA 400MHz NMR 谱仪,(日本 JEOL 电子公司);LGJ-25C 冷冻干燥机 (北京四环科学仪器厂);TGL-16B 型高速离心机(上海安亭科学仪器厂);GC/MS-QP2010 SE (日本岛津公司);NV-15G 氮气吹干仪(成都塞斯特仪器仪表有限公司);Adventurer AR1140 分析天平(美国 OHAUS 公司); Sartorius BP211D 分析天平(德国 Sartorius 赛多利斯公司);LDZ5-2 型台式离心机 (北京医用离心机厂);GC/MS-QP2010 SE(日本岛津公司)。
所有动物均在光照/黑暗=12h/12h,(20±2)℃的温度以及(30±10)%的湿度条件下适应性喂养 1 周。
取雄性昆明小鼠(Kunming mice, KM)(SPF, ${20}\mathrm{\;g}\pm 2\mathrm{\;g}$ ) 30 只,分为空白组、阿司匹林组和元宝草组三组, 每组 10 只动物, 大鼠适应 1 周后进行实验。阿司匹林组小鼠进行灌胃给予 ${0.2}\mathrm{\;g}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ ,元宝草组按照 ${0.504}\mathrm{\;g}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ 进行灌胃, 空白组给等量的生理盐水进行灌胃, 连续 7 天, 1 次/天, 最后一次灌胃 1 h 后对每只小鼠腹腔注射 0.2ml 的 0.6%的醋酸溶液致痛, 观察小鼠注射后 ${15}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ 内产生的扭体反应潜伏期,并记录小鼠的扭体次数,计算抑制率[ 4 ]
疼痛抑制率 $\left(\%\right)= ($ 空白组扭体次数一药物组扭体次数)/空白组扭体次数*100%
雄性小鼠的阴囊受热会容易放松, 接触到热板后受惊吓会跳起,在热板法实验中有假阳性的结果, 因此本实验全部采用雌性 KM 小鼠 (SPF, ${20}\mathrm{\;g}\pm {2.0}\mathrm{\;g}$ ),小鼠适应 1 周后进行实验 [ 5 ] 。 小鼠在恒温水浴 $\left({{55.0}\pm {0.1}{}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}}\right)$ 的热板上,小鼠的痛阈值指标是舔后足的潜伏期,实验开始前先筛选 5s-30s 痛阈值的小鼠 60 只,作为本实验的合格鼠, 并对其进行随机分组: 空白组 (CON)、模型组(MOD)、阿司匹林组(ASP)、 元宝草高剂量组(HIG)、中剂量组(MID)、低剂量组(LOW), 每组 10 只小鼠, 阿司匹林组小鼠灌胃 0.2g/kg,元宝草高、中、低剂量组分别灌胃给予 1.008、0.504、0.252 g/kg,空白组以及模型组均灌胃等量生理盐水,0.2 ml/只, 1 次/天,连续七天,除空白组外,所有小鼠最后一次给药后的 ${30}\mathrm{\;{min}}$${60}\mathrm{\;{min}}$${120}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ 时均测出在热板上舔足的潜伏期,最长痛阈潜伏期为 ${60}\mathrm{\;s}$
血样:热板法小鼠在上述实验之后,用 20%的乌拉坦进行腹腔注射麻醉,通过下腔静脉取血,在 ${4}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 下静置 $1\mathrm{\;h}$ 后把血液在 3000 $\mathrm{{rpm}}$ 条件下离心 ${10}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ ,离心后取上清液,并储存在-80 °C下备用。
血样从-80 ℃冰箱中取出后,放置室温中解冻,取 ${100\mu }\mathrm{L}$${1.5}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ EP 管中,加内标 (1 mg/mL DHEA-乙腈溶液) ${20\mu }\mathrm{L}$ ,甲醇涡旋混合萃取后, ${12000}\mathrm{{rpm}}$ 离心 ${10}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ ,取 200 $\mu \mathrm{L}$ 上清液在 ${60}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 下用氮气吹干。样品在吹干之后加 ${50\mu }\mathrm{L}{20}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 的甲氧胺-吡啶溶液, 涡旋,在 ${70}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 水浴下进行肟化反应,持续 $1\mathrm{\;h}$ 后取出至室温,加 ${50\mu }\mathrm{L}$ 硅烷化试剂进行涡旋, 在 ${70}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 水浴下反应一段时间后取出至室温, 加适量庚烷终止衍生化反应,在 ${3000}\mathrm{{rpm}}$ 下离心 ${10}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ ,取 ${1\mu }\mathrm{L}$ 上清液进 $\mathrm{{GC}}/\mathrm{{MS}}$ 分析。
色谱条件色谱柱: RESTEK Rxi®-5ms (30 $\mathrm{m}\times {0.25\mu }\mathrm{m}\times {0.25}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ); 载气: 氦气; 流速: 1.0 $\mathrm{{mL}}\cdot \min - 1$ ,不分流进样; 进样口温度: ${280}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ ; 进样体积: ${1\mu }\mathrm{L}$ ;
质谱条件 接口温度: ${280}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ ; 离子源温度: ${230}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ ;电离方式:EI;电子轰击能量: ${70}\mathrm{{eV}}$ ;溶剂延迟时间: $5\mathrm{\;{min}}$ ;扫描方式: 全扫描(SCAN),质量范围(m/z):50-800 amu。
上述分析条件下, 对总离子流图 (TIC) 中色谱峰的质谱图进行分析, 通过 AMDIS 去卷积和 NIST2008 的标准谱库来对化合物初步鉴定。GC-MS 中的原始数据可以经过仪器工作站软件转化为 netCDF 的格式。图谱进一步经过 XCMS 软件进行预处理, 在 Excel 中对数据面积归一化,并用 SIMCA P13 软件包进行最小二乘法判别分析 (partial least squares discriminate analysis, PLS-DA)。
本研究使用 SPSS 17.0 软件对小鼠醋酸扭体次数及舔足时间数据进行方差分析, 并比较组间差异,最终结果以 mean $\pm \mathrm{S}$ .D.表示。
实验结果中可以看出, 和空白组相比, 各组小鼠的扭体次数都有不同程度的降低, 元宝草组与空白组比较扭体次数差异显著 ( $P <{0.01}$ ),表明元宝草在一定程度上起到镇痛作用,见 表 1
本实验从结果中能看出, 阿司匹林组、元宝草高、中剂量组小鼠和模型组比较, 在 30 $\min$${60}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ 时舔足时间均有极显著性差异 $\left({P <{0.01}}\right)$ ,表明元宝草对疼痛有预防作用,元宝草低剂量组在 ${60}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ 时差异比 ${30}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ 差异更显著, 表明热板法引起的小鼠疼痛元宝草有较好的抑制作用, 且高中剂量组效果更好, 随着给药时间的延长, 元宝草对痛症的抑制作用表现出不同的效果, 推断与血药浓度的高低有关, 实验结果见 表 2
取空白对照组血样各 ${300\mu }\mathrm{l}$ 混合均匀, 作为方法学考察样品。
精密称取对照品甘氨酸、丙氨酸、丝氨酸、 亮氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、柠檬酸适量,加水溶解并进行稀释, 配成含混合标准品均为 200.0 mg/mL 的溶液。将配好的混合对照品溶液进行逐级稀释,分别为 ${2.0}\text{、}{10.0}\text{、}{20.0}\text{、}{40.0}$ 、 80.0、120.0、160.0、200.0 mg/mL 系列混合标准品溶液。进行气质分析, 对相对峰面积和浓度的线性关系进行考察, 结果发现各标准品的线性良好,相关系数 $\left(\mathrm{r}\right)> {0.9900}$ 。见 表 3
制备一份样品, 连续进样 6 次, 得到六张总离子流图,分别选择 6 张图中 10 种主要的共有峰, 积分后的共有峰峰面积经内标进行校正, 各峰面积在 6 次进样中的相对标准偏差 (RSD) 进行计算, 结果可以得出 10 种共有峰其 RSD 全部小于 10%,与生物样本分析的要求相符合。
取同一份血样, 进行制备 6 份, 平行制备, 然后通过气质进行分析。重叠 6 张总离子流图, 对共有峰的保留时间进行考察, 重现性良好。 对图谱中 10 种共有峰进行内标校正, 计算出相对峰面积的相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSD), 结果可以得出 10 种峰的 RSD 均小于 15%,与生物样本分析的要求相符合。
(1) 室温稳定性
取一份血样, 按照 2.2 部分处理后分别在 $0\text{、}4\text{、}8\text{、}{12}\text{、}{16}\text{、}{20}\text{、}{24}\mathrm{\;h}$ 检测,得到的总离子流图中选 10 种内源性代谢物峰积分, 计算各峰面积在 7 份样品中的相对标准偏差, RSD, 结果得出 RSD 均小于 15%, 与生物样本分析的要求相一致。
(2) 冻融稳定性
取一份血样后制备样品 5 份, 后重新放回 -80 °C冰箱 6 小时之后取出,解冻后再制 5 份样品, 气质分析后将 10 种内源性代谢物峰通过内标来校正, 计算峰的 RSD 可以得出几乎所有峰 RSD 均小于 15%。对冻融前后的两批样品进行比较, 10 种共有峰在冻融前后样品中的差异均小于 15%。
在上述分析条件下血液的总离子流图 (TIC),如 图 1 。用血清中的代谢物丙氨酸为例, 来说明对代谢物的定性分析过程, 借助 AMDIS 去卷积, 参考 NIST 2008 标准谱库初步对化合物鉴定,如 图 23 所示。 图 3 中 A 是相似度大小程度显示的可能化学物, 其中丙氨酸(Alanine)相似度最高为 ${97},{8.91}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ 对应的质谱图为 $\mathrm{B}$ , NIST 2008 标准谱库最相似的质谱图为 $\mathrm{C}$图 4图 5 是在相同条件下,用丙氨酸标准品质谱图与 ${8.91}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ 处质谱碎片进行比较,进一步确定保留时间为 ${8.91}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ 的物质即为丙氨酸。
为了降低组间差异, 采用随机进样的模式, 在该色谱条件下, 各色谱峰分离度良好, 符合生物样品分析的要求。
血清样本数据在上述处理方法下,借助 AMDIS 去卷积, 以及 NIST2008 标准谱库, 结果共鉴定出 53 个化合物的相似度在 80%以上, 主要是糖类、脂肪酸、氨基酸等内源性物质。血清样品原始数据通过格式转化, 图谱通过 XCMS 软件预处理, 并采用 SIMCA-P 11.5 软件包进行最小二乘法判别分析,血样数据模型中 ${\mathrm{R}}^{2}\mathrm{Y}$ 分别为 0.785>0.5 则表明样本符合该模型判别,可信度较好;PLS-DA 中 ${\mathrm{Q}}^{2}$ 分别为 ${0.718}> {0.5}$ 表明模型预测能力较好。从得分图中可以看出 $\mathrm{{CON}}$ 和 MOD 分离良好, 有明显的聚集, ASP 有向 CON 组偏移, 说明 ASP 对疼痛小鼠具有一定的治疗作用, 可以用来做阳性对照药, 见 图 6
用 VIP ( Variable Importance in Projection ) 来分析代谢物在五组样品变化中的作用, 把 VIP>1 的作为五组分类中贡献较大的代谢物, 本研究结合保留时间进行定性及质谱鉴定, 得出有富马酸、抗坏血酸、亚精胺、胆碱、甘氨酸、半胱氨酸等差异性代谢物, 并发现了和其相关的主要代谢通路: 牛磺酸代谢途径、谷胱甘肽代谢途径、精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢途径、抗坏血酸代谢途径。
疼痛是指机体的一种复杂生理反应, 是第五个生命体征, 寻求有效的防治途径并对疼痛进行治疗是现代医学以及药学面临的重大问题 [ 6 - 7 ] 。中医药有其独特的优势,对疼痛治疗有积极作用, 进而可以提高患者的生活质量。 本研究经过醋酸扭体法和热板法两种模型来研究元宝草的镇痛作用, 醋酸扭体反应的表现是腹部收缩、躯体扭曲、后肢伸展、蠕行等, 通过记录扭体反应发生的时间和次数反映出药物对疼痛反应治疗的状况,并通过抑制率来反应疼痛的抑制情况 [ 8 ] ; 醋酸扭体法是筛选镇痛药物以及考察药物镇痛程度的常用模型,但是实验可能有假阳性的实验结果, 所以通过其他的动物模型来支持实验数据的可靠性[ 9 ]。热板法被用于对镇痛药物的初筛, 在中枢性神经疼痛的镇痛作用评价方面有重要的作用 [ 10 ]
本研究结果可以发现, 元宝草治疗效果较好, 且有剂量依赖性, 元宝草组对小鼠的舔足时间以及扭体次数均有较好的延长作用。对热板法小鼠的血清内源性物质进行 GC-MS 数据采集并对其进行数据处理, 找出了与疼痛相关的差异性标志物以及抗坏血酸代谢途径、牛磺酸代谢途径、谷胱甘肽代谢途径、精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢途径。
体内的氧化还原反应异常时会导致氧自由基增加, 进而引起疼痛, 抗坏血酸通过抑制体内的脂质过氧化以及清除体内自由基来参与氧化还原反应, 而且抗坏血酸也可以作为辅酶因子参与多种生理反应 [ 11 - 12 ] 。本研究模型组中抗坏血酸含量上升,不能及时与谷胱甘肽相互作用, 导致中性粒细胞进行氧化还原反应能力下降使得机体有疼痛反应,元宝草治疗后抗坏血酸的含量降低,有利于消除疼痛[ 13 ]
胆碱含量的改变会引起谷胱甘肽代谢紊乱, 还原型谷胱甘肽可以减轻氧化应激反应, 减轻疼痛[ 14 ]。甘氨酸可以与胆酸结合成甘胆酸, 胆酸的含量增加会导致细胞变性, 引起肝损伤, 模型组小鼠中甘氨酸含量下降也会影响胆汁酸的合成,导致牛磺酸代谢受到影响 [ 15 ] 。在精氨酸以及脯氨酸的代谢途径中, 由于富马酸的含量下降会引起精氨酸的上升, 精氨酸水解能使尿素的生成增加, 使血氨水平下降, 缓解疼痛, 元宝草高剂量组与模型组比较富马酸含量明显下降,有利于对疼痛进行治疗 [ 16 ] 。综上, 本研究可得出元宝草可以有镇痛作用, 并存在剂量依赖性,基于热板法小鼠实验的 GC-MS 代谢组学方法对元宝草镇痛作用进行分析, 初步探索出与疼痛相关的代谢机制, 但是还需对其进行进一步的探索。
  • 2024年广东省中医药局项目(20242011)
  • 2023年广东省医学科研基金项目(B2023031)
  • 广东省医学科学技术研究基金项目(C2021086)
  • 广东省医学科学技术研究基金项目(C2022016)
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2024年第2卷第1期
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  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
  • 出版时间:2024-01-08
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基金
Project of Guangdong Provincial Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 2024(20242011)
2024年广东省中医药局项目(20242011)
2023 Guangdong Provincial Medical Research Fund Project(B2023031)
2023年广东省医学科研基金项目(B2023031)
Guangdong Medical Science and Technology Research Fund Project(C2021086)
广东省医学科学技术研究基金项目(C2021086)
Guangdong Medical Science and Technology Research Fund Project(C2022016)
广东省医学科学技术研究基金项目(C2022016)
作者信息
    1 广东省生物制品与药物研究所 广州 510440
    2 广西中医药大学附属瑞康医院 南宁 530011

通讯作者:

*梁旭霞,博士,研究方向为食品药品质量标准。E-mail:;
梁晓艳,副主任药师,研究方向:临床药学与中药药理。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
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Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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