Article(id=1156987905882280102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1156888345994420815, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753777012558, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753777012558, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753777012558, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753777012558, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156888345994420815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, year='2024', volume='2', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='160', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1753753275630, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753785212113, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157022297358951363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1156888345994420815, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157022297358951364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1156888345994420815, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=10, endPage=13, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156987906389790889, articleId=1156987905882280102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, language=EN, title=Comparison of two detection methods for ammonium ions content in ambient air PM2.5, columnId=1156641065621906129, journalTitle=Laboratory Testing, columnName=Innovative Applications, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective Comparison of two methods for determining ammonium ion content in ambient air${\mathrm{{PM}}}_{2.5}$. Methods $1/4$ of the quartz filter membrane used to collect ambient air particles${\mathrm{{PM}}}_{2.5}$ was cut into pieces, and ultrasound extracted by ultra-pure water, then centrifuged and filtered, and last the content of ammonium ion in${\mathrm{{PM}}}_{2.5}$ was respectively determined by flow injection method and ion chromatography. Result The fitting curve of${\mathrm{{NH}}}_{4}^{+ }$ measured by ion chromatography in the range of${0.5}\sim {10.0}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$ is$\mathrm{y}= {0.0710}+ {0.2214}\mathrm{x}- {0.0058}{\mathrm{x}}^{2},\mathrm{r}= {0.9997}$ . The detection limit of${\mathrm{{NH}}}_{4}^{+ }$ in${\mathrm{{PM}}}_{2.5}$ is calculated to be${0.017}\mathrm{{\mu g}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}$ , with a quantification limit of${0.068\mu }\mathrm{g}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}$ , the recovery rate is between${91.0}\%\sim {96.6}\%$ , and the RSD is${0.05}\%\sim {0.08}\%\left({\mathrm{n}= 6}\right)$ . The linear relationship of ammonium ion concentration measured by flow injection analysis in the range of${0.02}\sim {1.00}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$ is good, with$\mathrm{y}= {22.576}\mathrm{x}+ {0.1333},\mathrm{r}= {0.9999}$ . The detection limit is${0.003}\mathrm{{\mu g}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}$ , and the quantification limit is${0.012\mu }\mathrm{g}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}$ with the recovery rate of${105}\%\sim {114}\%$ and the RSD between${0.54}\%\sim {2.06}\%\left({\mathrm{n}= 6}\right)$ . Using the two methods to measure 16 filter membrane samples, there was no statistically significant difference in the measurement results$\left({\mathrm{t}= {1.080},\mathrm{P}> {0.05}}\right)$. Conclusion Both of the two methods have a good linear relationship, with good precision and accuracy. Compared with ion chromatography, flow injection analysis has the advantages of lower detection limit and shorter detection time.

, correspAuthors=De-Feng CHI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*CHI De-Feng, Master, Physician-In-Charge, Tai'an City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an 271000, China. E-mail:
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目的 比较离子色谱法与流动注射分析法测定环境空气${\mathrm{{PM}}}_{2.5}$ 中铵离子含量。方法 采集环境空气颗粒物${\mathrm{{PM}}}_{2.5}$ 的石英滤膜,各取$1/4$ 剪碎后经超纯水超声提取,离心过滤,分别用流动注射法和离子色谱法测定${\mathrm{{PM}}}_{2.5}$ 中铵离子的含量。结果 离子色谱法测定${\mathrm{{NH}}}_{4}^{+ }$ 在${0.5}\sim {10.0}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$ 范围内拟合曲线为$\mathrm{y}= {0.0710}+{0.2214}\mathrm{x}- {0.0058}{\mathrm{x}}^{2}$ ,$\mathrm{r}= {0.9997}$ ,检出限${0.017}\mathrm{{\mu g}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}$ ,定量限${0.068}\mathrm{{\mu g}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}$ ,回收率${91.0}\%\sim {96.6}\%,\mathrm{{RSD}}{0.05}\%\sim {0.08}\%\left({\mathrm{n}=6}\right)$ ; 流动注射法测定${\mathrm{{NH}}}_{4}^{+ }$ 在${0.02}\sim {1.00}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$ 范围内线性关系良好,$\mathrm{y}={22.576}\mathrm{x}+ {0.1333},\mathrm{r}= {0.9999}$ ,检出限${0.003\mu }\mathrm{g}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}$ ,定量限${0.012\mu }\mathrm{g}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}$ , 加标回收率为 105%~114%, RSD 在 0.54%~2.06%(n=6)之间。利用两种方法同时测定 16 份滤膜样本,测定结果差异无统计学意义$\left({\mathrm{t}= {1.080},\mathrm{P}>{0.05}}\right)$ 。结论 两种方法均具有良好的线性关系、精密度及准确度,流动注射分析法与离子色谱法相比有检出限低,检测时间短等优势。

, correspAuthors=郗德凤, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*郗德凤,硕士,主管医师,质量管理科副主任,研究方向为卫生检验检测。E-mail:
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曹静,硕士,副主任技师,主要研究方向为卫生检验。

郗德凤,硕士,主管医师,质量管理科副主任,研究方向为卫生检验检测。

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郗德凤,硕士,主管医师,质量管理科副主任,研究方向为卫生检验检测。

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PM2.5暴露对儿童行为影响的系统综述[J]. 中华预防医学杂志, 2021, 55: (01): 96-103., articleTitle=PM2.5暴露对儿童行为影响的系统综述, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1156987946315371248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156987905882280102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=40, issue=07, pageStart=2977, pageEnd=2984, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=杨留明, 王申博, 郝祺, journalName=环境科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨留明, 王申博, 郝祺, 等. 郑州市 PM2.5 中水溶性离子特征及来源分析[J]. 环境科学, 2019, 40: (07): 2977-2984., articleTitle=郑州市 PM2.5 中水溶性离子特征及来源分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1156987946369897201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156987905882280102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=41, issue=12, pageStart=1490, pageEnd=1494, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=张文娟, 李敏, 付华轩, journalName=环境污染与防治, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张文娟, 李敏, 付华轩, 等. 济南市 PM2.5 化学组分及污染特征分析[J]. 环境污染与防治, 2019, 41: (12): 1490-1494., articleTitle=济南市 PM2.5 化学组分及污染特征分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1156987946424423154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156987905882280102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=38, issue=02, pageStart=50, pageEnd=52, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=江利, journalName=微量元素与健康研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=江利. 水浸提分离—离子色谱法测定 PM2.5 中铵的含量[J]. 微量元素与健康研究, 2021, 38: (02): 50-52., articleTitle=水浸提分离—离子色谱法测定 PM2.5 中铵的含量, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1156987946483143411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156987905882280102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=31, issue=06, pageStart=520, pageEnd=523, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=许珺, 梁卫玖, 许浩, journalName=上海预防医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=许珺, 梁卫玖, 许浩. 离子色谱法测定 PM2.5 中的铵离子[J]. 上海预防医学, 2019, 31: (06): 520-523., articleTitle=离子色谱法测定 PM2.5 中的铵离子, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1156987946546057973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156987905882280102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=8, issue=17, pageStart=389, pageEnd=390, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=施春花, 朱小红, 王司玮, journalName=医药前沿, refType=null, unstructuredReference=施春花, 朱小红, 王司玮, 等. 纳氏试剂分光光度法测定 PM2.5 中铵离子[J]. 医药前沿, 2018, 8: (17): 389-390., articleTitle=纳氏试剂分光光度法测定 PM2.5 中铵离子, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1156987946600583927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156987905882280102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=46, issue=23, pageStart=108, pageEnd=115, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=易田芳, 吴文群, journalName=广州化工, refType=null, unstructuredReference=易田芳, 吴文群. 分光光度法与离子色谱法测定 PM2. 5 中铵根离子含量的对比[J]. 广州化工, 2018, 46: (23): 108-115., articleTitle=分光光度法与离子色谱法测定 PM2. 5 中铵根离子含量的对比, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1156987946663498490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156987905882280102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=37, issue=16, pageStart=2181, pageEnd=2184, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=蔡璐, 李春野, 谷仕敏, journalName=职业与健康, refType=null, unstructuredReference=蔡璐, 李春野, 谷仕敏. 大气PM2.5 中铵离子的超声提取 -连续流动分析法[J]. 职业与健康, 2021, 37: (16): 2181-2184., articleTitle=大气PM2.5 中铵离子的超声提取 -连续流动分析法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1156987946726413054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156987905882280102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=7, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=环境保护部, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=环境保护部. HJ800-2016环境空气颗粒物中水溶性阳离子(Li⁺、Na+、NH₄⁺、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+) 的测定 离子色谱法[S]. 中国环境出版社, 2016, 1-7., articleTitle=HJ800-2016环境空气颗粒物中水溶性阳离子(Li⁺、Na+、NH₄⁺、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+) 的测定 离子色谱法, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1156987940267184723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156987905882280102, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1156987940313322068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156987905882280102, companyId=1156987940267184723, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Tai' an City Center for Disease Control and Prevention Tai' an 271000 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1156987940321710678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156987905882280102, companyId=1156987940267184723, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 德州市疾病预防控制中心 德州 253016)]), AuthorCompany(id=1156987940397208152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156987905882280102, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1156987940401402457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156987905882280102, companyId=1156987940397208152, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 泰安市疾病预防控制中心 泰安 271000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1156987945250017990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156987905882280102, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Spectra of ammonium ion in air filter membrane determined by ion chromatography, figureFileSmall=hnjOlVPnFjPOgPPBwEMYnA==, figureFileBig=L9ByQEKHd7i1PcIGSLKX5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156987945300349640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156987905882280102, language=CN, label=图 1, caption=离子色谱法测定空气滤膜中铵根离子样品谱图, figureFileSmall=hnjOlVPnFjPOgPPBwEMYnA==, figureFileBig=L9ByQEKHd7i1PcIGSLKX5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156987945350681290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156987905882280102, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Detection results of ammonium ion in ambient air ${\mathrm{{PM}}}_{2.5}$ by two methods, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
检测方法 线性范围 标准曲线 相关系数(r) 检出限 (mg/L) 方法检出限 $\left({\mu \mathrm{g}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}}\right)$ 方法定量限 $\left({\mu \mathrm{g}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}}\right)$
离子色谱法 0.5 ~10.0 mg/L y=0.0710+0.2214x-0.0058 ${\mathrm{x}}^{2}$ $r ={0.9997}$ 0.05 0.017 0.068
流动注射法 0.02 ~1.00 mg/L y=22.576x+0.1333 $r ={0.9999}$ 0.01 0.003 0.012
), ArticleFig(id=1156987945426178764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156987905882280102, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=两种方法测定环境空气 ${\mathrm{{PM}}}_{2.5}$ 中铵离子的检测结果, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
检测方法 线性范围 标准曲线 相关系数(r) 检出限 (mg/L) 方法检出限 $\left({\mu \mathrm{g}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}}\right)$ 方法定量限 $\left({\mu \mathrm{g}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}}\right)$
离子色谱法 0.5 ~10.0 mg/L y=0.0710+0.2214x-0.0058 ${\mathrm{x}}^{2}$ $r ={0.9997}$ 0.05 0.017 0.068
流动注射法 0.02 ~1.00 mg/L y=22.576x+0.1333 $r ={0.9999}$ 0.01 0.003 0.012
), ArticleFig(id=1156987945505870542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156987905882280102, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=The comparison of recovery rate of two detection methods $\left({n = 6}\right)$, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
检测方法 本底值 (mg/L) 加标量 (mg/L) 测定值 (mg/L) 加标回收率 (%) RSD (%)
离子色谱法 <0.05 1.00 0.91 91.0 0.08
2.00 1.93 96.5 0.05
5.00 4.83 96.6 0.06
流动注射法 0.02 0.0228 114 2.06
<0.01 0.10 0.106 106 1.14
0.50 0.525 105 0.54
), ArticleFig(id=1156987945560396496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156987905882280102, language=CN, label=表 2, caption=两种检测方法加标回收率比较 $\left({n = 6}\right)$, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
检测方法 本底值 (mg/L) 加标量 (mg/L) 测定值 (mg/L) 加标回收率 (%) RSD (%)
离子色谱法 <0.05 1.00 0.91 91.0 0.08
2.00 1.93 96.5 0.05
5.00 4.83 96.6 0.06
流动注射法 0.02 0.0228 114 2.06
<0.01 0.10 0.106 106 1.14
0.50 0.525 105 0.54
), ArticleFig(id=1156987945707197138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156987905882280102, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=Comparison of the results of two methods for determining ammonium ions in ${\mathrm{{PM}}}_{25}$ in two urban areas of Dezhou City in a month, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号 离子色谱法测定结果 $\left({\mu \mathrm{g}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}}\right)$ 流动注射法测定结果 $\left({\mu \mathrm{g}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}}\right)$
1 1.16 1.17
2 1.69 1.62
3 0.87 0.90
4 0.79 0.76
5 0.69 0.67
6 0.98 0.97
7 1.75 1.78
8 1.81 1.86
9 1.00 1.01
10 0.95 0.98
11 1.64 1.67
12 1.54 1.57
13 0.89 0.87
14 0.64 0.64
15 1.00 1.04
16 2.35 2.41
t 值 1.080
P 值 >0.05
), ArticleFig(id=1156987945782694616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156987905882280102, language=CN, label=表 3, caption=两种方法分别测定德州市两城区某月 ${\mathrm{{PM}}}_{2.5}$ 中铵离子结果比较, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号 离子色谱法测定结果 $\left({\mu \mathrm{g}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}}\right)$ 流动注射法测定结果 $\left({\mu \mathrm{g}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}}\right)$
1 1.16 1.17
2 1.69 1.62
3 0.87 0.90
4 0.79 0.76
5 0.69 0.67
6 0.98 0.97
7 1.75 1.78
8 1.81 1.86
9 1.00 1.01
10 0.95 0.98
11 1.64 1.67
12 1.54 1.57
13 0.89 0.87
14 0.64 0.64
15 1.00 1.04
16 2.35 2.41
t 值 1.080
P 值 >0.05
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环境空气${\mathrm{{PM}}}_{2.5}$中铵离子含量的两种检测方法比较
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曹静 1 , 于浩 1 , 王国强 1 , 郗德凤 2, *
实验室检测 | 创新应用 2024,2(5): 10-13
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实验室检测 | 创新应用 2024, 2(5): 10-13
环境空气${\mathrm{{PM}}}_{2.5}$中铵离子含量的两种检测方法比较
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曹静1, 于浩1, 王国强1, 郗德凤2, *
作者信息
  • 1 德州市疾病预防控制中心 德州 253016
  • 2 泰安市疾病预防控制中心 泰安 271000
  • 曹静,硕士,副主任技师,主要研究方向为卫生检验。

    郗德凤,硕士,主管医师,质量管理科副主任,研究方向为卫生检验检测。

通讯作者:

*郗德凤,硕士,主管医师,质量管理科副主任,研究方向为卫生检验检测。E-mail:
Comparison of two detection methods for ammonium ions content in ambient air PM2.5
Jing CAO1, Hao YU1, Guo-Qiang WANG1, De-Feng CHI2, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Tai' an City Center for Disease Control and Prevention Tai' an 271000 China
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目的 比较离子色谱法与流动注射分析法测定环境空气${\mathrm{{PM}}}_{2.5}$ 中铵离子含量。方法 采集环境空气颗粒物${\mathrm{{PM}}}_{2.5}$ 的石英滤膜,各取$1/4$ 剪碎后经超纯水超声提取,离心过滤,分别用流动注射法和离子色谱法测定${\mathrm{{PM}}}_{2.5}$ 中铵离子的含量。结果 离子色谱法测定${\mathrm{{NH}}}_{4}^{+ }$ 在${0.5}\sim {10.0}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$ 范围内拟合曲线为$\mathrm{y}= {0.0710}+{0.2214}\mathrm{x}- {0.0058}{\mathrm{x}}^{2}$ ,$\mathrm{r}= {0.9997}$ ,检出限${0.017}\mathrm{{\mu g}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}$ ,定量限${0.068}\mathrm{{\mu g}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}$ ,回收率${91.0}\%\sim {96.6}\%,\mathrm{{RSD}}{0.05}\%\sim {0.08}\%\left({\mathrm{n}=6}\right)$ ; 流动注射法测定${\mathrm{{NH}}}_{4}^{+ }$ 在${0.02}\sim {1.00}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$ 范围内线性关系良好,$\mathrm{y}={22.576}\mathrm{x}+ {0.1333},\mathrm{r}= {0.9999}$ ,检出限${0.003\mu }\mathrm{g}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}$ ,定量限${0.012\mu }\mathrm{g}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}$ , 加标回收率为 105%~114%, RSD 在 0.54%~2.06%(n=6)之间。利用两种方法同时测定 16 份滤膜样本,测定结果差异无统计学意义$\left({\mathrm{t}= {1.080},\mathrm{P}>{0.05}}\right)$ 。结论 两种方法均具有良好的线性关系、精密度及准确度,流动注射分析法与离子色谱法相比有检出限低,检测时间短等优势。

铵离子  /  PM2.5  /  流动注射分析  /  离子色谱

Objective Comparison of two methods for determining ammonium ion content in ambient air${\mathrm{{PM}}}_{2.5}$. Methods $1/4$ of the quartz filter membrane used to collect ambient air particles${\mathrm{{PM}}}_{2.5}$ was cut into pieces, and ultrasound extracted by ultra-pure water, then centrifuged and filtered, and last the content of ammonium ion in${\mathrm{{PM}}}_{2.5}$ was respectively determined by flow injection method and ion chromatography. Result The fitting curve of${\mathrm{{NH}}}_{4}^{+ }$ measured by ion chromatography in the range of${0.5}\sim {10.0}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$ is$\mathrm{y}= {0.0710}+ {0.2214}\mathrm{x}- {0.0058}{\mathrm{x}}^{2},\mathrm{r}= {0.9997}$ . The detection limit of${\mathrm{{NH}}}_{4}^{+ }$ in${\mathrm{{PM}}}_{2.5}$ is calculated to be${0.017}\mathrm{{\mu g}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}$ , with a quantification limit of${0.068\mu }\mathrm{g}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}$ , the recovery rate is between${91.0}\%\sim {96.6}\%$ , and the RSD is${0.05}\%\sim {0.08}\%\left({\mathrm{n}= 6}\right)$ . The linear relationship of ammonium ion concentration measured by flow injection analysis in the range of${0.02}\sim {1.00}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$ is good, with$\mathrm{y}= {22.576}\mathrm{x}+ {0.1333},\mathrm{r}= {0.9999}$ . The detection limit is${0.003}\mathrm{{\mu g}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}$ , and the quantification limit is${0.012\mu }\mathrm{g}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}$ with the recovery rate of${105}\%\sim {114}\%$ and the RSD between${0.54}\%\sim {2.06}\%\left({\mathrm{n}= 6}\right)$ . Using the two methods to measure 16 filter membrane samples, there was no statistically significant difference in the measurement results$\left({\mathrm{t}= {1.080},\mathrm{P}> {0.05}}\right)$. Conclusion Both of the two methods have a good linear relationship, with good precision and accuracy. Compared with ion chromatography, flow injection analysis has the advantages of lower detection limit and shorter detection time.

ammonium ion  /  PM2.5  /  flow injection analysis  /  ion chromatography
曹静, 于浩, 王国强, 郗德凤. 环境空气${\mathrm{{PM}}}_{2.5}$中铵离子含量的两种检测方法比较. 实验室检测, 2024 , 2 (5) : 10 -13 .
Jing CAO, Hao YU, Guo-Qiang WANG, De-Feng CHI. Comparison of two detection methods for ammonium ions content in ambient air PM2.5[J]. Laboratory Testing, 2024 , 2 (5) : 10 -13 .
随着我国工业经济的快速发展,大气细颗粒物 $\left({\mathrm{{PM}}}_{2.5}\right)$ 已经成为对人体健康影响最大的污染物之一, 因其表面能够吸附多种物质,有研究表明 ${\mathrm{{PM}}}_{2.5}$ 对人体呼吸系统、心血管系统、生殖系统、血液系统和免疫系统、中枢神经系统等均有影响 [ 1 - 6 ] , 甚至与儿童行为问题可能也存在一定关联 [ 7 ] 。大气 ${\mathrm{{PM}}}_{2.5}$ 化学组成较为复杂, 其中水溶性离子是其重要的化学组分之一, 而水溶性离子的主要存在形式为 ${\left({\mathrm{{NH}}}_{4}\right)}_{2}{\mathrm{{SO}}}_{4}$${\mathrm{{NH}}}_{4}{\mathrm{{NO}}}_{3}$ ,占水溶性离子的 ${80}\%$ 以上 [ 8 - 9 ] 。因此,准确测定 ${\mathrm{{PM}}}_{2.5}$ 中铵离子浓度,真实反映大气污染状况十分必要。
目前 ${\mathrm{{PM}}}_{2.5}$ 中铵离子的测定方法主要有离子色谱法和纳氏试剂 - 分光光度法 [ 10 - 13 ] ,少有流动注射分析测定方法 [ 14 ] 。环境空气样本基质复杂, 采用分光光度法测定干扰因素较多, 加入纳氏试剂等待比色过程中容易出现溶液浑浊影响测定结果, 且纳氏试剂含剧毒,不仅污染环境,也不利于人体健康;国标 [ 15 ] 选用离子色谱法来测定, 但仪器设备昂贵, 需要专用的阳离子色谱柱、阳离子抑制器。本文用滤膜采集环境空气颗粒物 ${\mathrm{{PM}}}_{2.5}$ ,选择离子色谱法和流动注射分析法测定 ${\mathrm{{PM}}}_{2.5}$ 中铵离子含量并进行比较, 为实验室选择合适的实验方法提供参考。
iFIA7 全自动流动注射分析仪 MAC3 (北京吉天仪器有限公司)、Aquion 离子色谱仪配电导检测器(美国戴安公司)、基因型 1820D 摩尔超纯水机、KQ-500E 型超声波清洗器 (昆山市超声仪器有限公司)、LYNX4000 型高速冷冻离心机(美国 Thermo 公司)、XS105DU 型分析天平(瑞士梅特勒 - 托利多仪器有限公司)、LHS-150HC-11型恒温恒湿培养箱(上海一恒科学仪器有限公司)、石英滤膜(Whatman,规格 ${90}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ )。
1000 mg/L 铵根离子标准溶液(GSB 04-2833-2011,国家有色金属及电子材料分析测试中心)。酒石酸钾钠(AR,西陇化工股份有限公司)、柠檬酸钠(AR,河南焦作市化工三厂)、水杨酸钠(AR,天津市科密欧化学试剂有限公司)、硝普钠(AR, 天津市光复精细化工研究所)、二氯异氰酸钠(>97.0%,梯希爱(上海)化成工业发展有限公司)、氢氧化钠(GR,西陇化工股份有限公司)。
离子色谱法条件:CS12A 色谱柱、CG12A 保护柱;阳离子抑制器电流 ${65}\mathrm{\;{mA}}$ ; 淋洗液 ${20}\mathrm{{mmol}}/\mathrm{L}$ 甲磺酸溶液; 流速 $1\mathrm{\;{mL}}/\mathrm{{min}}$ ; 进样量 ${25\mu }\mathrm{L}$ ; 柱温 ${30}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$
流动注射分析条件:检测波长 ${660}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ ;进样针清洗时间 ${10}\mathrm{\;s}$ , 清洗时间 ${30}\mathrm{\;s}$ ,进样时间 ${50}\mathrm{\;s}$ ,到达阀时间 ${50}\mathrm{\;s}$ ,注射时间 ${60}\mathrm{\;s}$ , 加热温度 ${50}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ ,蠕动泵泵速 ${35}\mathrm{r}/\mathrm{{min}}$ ,样品周期 ${100}\mathrm{\;s}$
石英滤膜 ${450}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 加热 2 小时去干扰后置恒温恒湿箱, ${25}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 湿度 50% 条件下恒温恒湿 24 小时, 称重后带至采样监测点, 以采样流量 ${100}\mathrm{\;L}/\mathrm{{min}}$ 连续采集 24 小时,采样后滤膜相同条件下恒温恒湿 24 小时, 称重。
取 1/2 滤膜剪碎后置于 ${50}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 离心管底部,加入 ${20.0}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 超纯水浸没滤膜,拧紧盖子, ${20}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 水浴超声 ${30}\mathrm{\;{min}},{4500}\mathrm{{rpm}}$ 离心 $5\mathrm{\;{min}},{0.22\mu }\mathrm{m}$ 滤头过滤。将滤液分别转至离子色谱进样瓶和流动注射进样管中, 用两种方法测定。
\[{\rho }_{r}= \frac{k\left({{\rho }_{1}- {\rho }_{0}}\right){V}_{1}}{{V}_{r}}\times \frac{{S}_{2}}{{S}_{1}}\times {1000}\]
式中: ${\rho }_{r}- {\mathrm{{PM}}}_{2.5}$ 中铵离子的质量浓度, $\mu \mathrm{g}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3};{\rho }_{1}$ 一样品溶液中铵离子的浓度, mg/L;
${\rho }_{0}$ 一空白溶液中铵离子的浓度, $\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L};{V}_{r}$ 一实际采样体积, $\mathrm{L}$ ;
${V}_{1}$ 一被测样品溶液的体积, $\mathrm{{mL}};{S}_{1}$ 一分析时所截取样品滤膜的质量, $\mathrm{g}$
${S}_{2}$ 一样品滤膜的总质量, $\mathrm{g};k$ 一稀释倍数。
配制相应浓度的标准系列, 设置好仪器设备条件, 测定 10 次空白滤膜中 ${\mathrm{{NH}}}_{4}^{+ }$ 含量计算检出限(离子色谱法向空白滤膜中加 ${0.1}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$ 标准溶液),按照采样体积为 ${120}{\mathrm{\;m}}^{3}$ 计算方法检出限, 4 倍方法检出限即为方法定量限。结果显示所用的 2 种检测方法均具有较好的线性关系, 其线性范围及检出限、定量限详见 表 1
离子色谱法测定 ${\mathrm{{NH}}}_{4}^{+ }$ 出峰时间 ${5.5}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ 左右,为避免杂峰干扰, 分析程序确定为 20 分钟 ( 样品谱图见 图 1 ), 即 1 小时只能分析 3 份样品。流动注射分析法样品周期 ${100}\mathrm{\;s},1$ 小时能分析 36 份样品,与离子色谱法相比大大提高了分析效率。
取空白滤膜分别加入低、中、高三种不同浓度标准溶液制作加标样, 按照 1.2.3 处理后, 连续测定 6 次取均值计
算加标回收率及 RSD, 结果见 表 2 。结果显示, 流动注射法的加标回收率高于离子色谱法, 但是精密度低于离子色谱法, 可能与其检测浓度低有关。
采用上述两种方法同时对德州市某月采集的环境空气颗粒物 ${\mathrm{{PM}}}_{2.5}$ 中铵离子含量进行测定,测定结果见 表 3 ,用 SPSS 软件对两种方法测定结果进行配对 $\mathrm{t}$ 检验,结果显示测定结果差异无统计学意义 $\left({\mathrm{t}= {1.080},\mathrm{P}> {0.05}}\right)$
为保证检测结果的准确可靠, 采用实验室试剂空白、空白滤膜以及全程序空白样品进行全流程质量控制, 空白值均小于方法定量限;同时采用两种不同批号的标准溶液进行量值比对, 并在每个进样周期过程中, 每间隔 10 个样品, 进一次标准溶液进行质量控制。
本文用石英滤膜采集环境空气颗粒物 ${\mathrm{{PM}}}_{2.5}$ ,分别采用离子色谱法和流动注射分析法测定 ${\mathrm{{PM}}}_{2.5}$ 中铵离子含量,测定结果差异无统计学意义, 且两种检测方法线性范围、准确度和精确度较好,均适用于测定环境空气 ${\mathrm{{PM}}}_{2.5}$ 中铵离子含量。流动注射分析法检出限 ${0.003\mu }\mathrm{g}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}$ ,离子色谱法检出限 ${0.017\mu }\mathrm{g}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}$ ,前者低 5 倍左右。从检测时间来看, 离子色谱法一小时只能分析 3 份样品, 而流动注射分析法一小时可以分析近 36 份样品, 大大提高了检测效率。由此可见, 流动注射分析法在方法检出限及检测效率方面更优于离子色谱法。
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2024年第2卷第5期
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    1 德州市疾病预防控制中心 德州 253016
    2 泰安市疾病预防控制中心 泰安 271000

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*郗德凤,硕士,主管医师,质量管理科副主任,研究方向为卫生检验检测。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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