Article(id=1156967541861077979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1156967523842347919, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753772157397, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753772157397, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753772157397, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753772157397, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156967523842347919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, year='2024', volume='2', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='160', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=0, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1753772153100, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753777984529, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1156991982682854377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1156967523842347919, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1156991982682854378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1156967523842347919, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=126, endPage=130, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156967543463302133, articleId=1156967541861077979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, language=EN, title=Comparison of performance of three protein content determination kits for detecting micro protein, columnId=1156641066674676444, journalTitle=Laboratory Testing, columnName=Evaluation and Analysis, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective Compare the performance differences of threeprotein content determination kits (Lowry method of Aimei, BCA method ofKangwei, and BCA method of Thermo Fisher) in detecting micro $\left({0 \sim {20\mu}\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}}\right)$ protein. Select the mostaccurate and reliable reagent kit for the detection of trace proteinsamples. Methods Use these three test kits to detect micro proteincontent, compare their accuracy, sensitivity, linearity andrepeatability, and evaluate their equivalence. Results The recoveryrates of the three test kits for detecting trace amounts $\left({{1.25}\sim {20\mu}\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}}\right)$ of protein were all withinthe range of 75%~120%, demonstrating qualified accuracy; Thermo FisherBCA meets the acceptable precision range (RSD $\leq 6\%$ ) in the range of ${2.5\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ to ${20\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ ,while Aimei Lowry and Kangwei BCA meet the acceptable precision range(RSD $\leq 6\%$ ) in the range of ${5\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ to ${20\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ ,demonstrating good repeatability; the correlation coefficient ${\mathrm{R}}^{2}$ of the standard curvesof the three test kits $\left({0\sim {20}\mathrm{{\mu g}}/\mathrm{{mL}}}\right)$ are all higherthan 0.980 . The linearity of Aimei Lowry is slightly poor, with ${\mathrm{R}}^{2}$ of 0.981 . The linearityof Kangwei BCA is qualified, with ${\mathrm{R}}^{2}$ of 0.991 . The linearityof Thermo Fisher BCA is the best, with ${\mathrm{R}}^{2}$ of 0.993; The abovemethodological validation results indicate that the minimumquantification limits for the sensitivity of the three test kits are ${5\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ forthe Aimei Lowry method, ${5\mu}\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ for the Kangwei BCA method, and ${2.5\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ for theThermo Fisher BCA method, respectively; Paired curves of values detectedby three reagent kits for the same series of BSA concentrations andtheir correlation coefficients were all higher than 0.990 . ConclusionThrough experiments, we found that each reagent kit exhibited differentperformance in different concentrations of BSA samples, among which theThermo Fisher BCA method performed the best in terms of accuracy andrepeatability, and there was a certain correlation between these threemethods.

, correspAuthors=Er-Xia YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*YANG Er-Xia, Ph.D, Senior Engineer, Aimei Action Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou 225300, China. E-mail:
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目的 比较三种蛋白含量测定试剂盒(艾美 Lowry 法、康为 BCA法、赛默飞 BCA 法)检测微量(0~20μg/mL)蛋白的性能差异,选出最准确可靠的试剂盒用于微量蛋白样品检测。方法 分别使用该三种试剂盒检测微量蛋白含量,比较其准确度、灵敏度、线性及重复性,并评价其等效性。结果 三种试剂盒检测微量(1.25~20μg/mL)蛋白的回收率均在 75%~120%范围内,表现出合格的准确度;赛默飞 BCA 在 ${2.5}\sim {20}\mathrm{{\mug}}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ ,艾美 Lowry 和康为 BCA 在 $5 \sim {20}\mathrm{{\mug}}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 范围内符合精密度可接受范围 $\left({\mathrm{{RSD}}\leq 6\%}\right)$ ,表现出较好的重复性;三种试剂盒标准曲线 $\left({0 \sim {20}\mathrm{{\mug}}/\mathrm{{mL}}}\right)$ 的相关系数 $\left({\mathrm{R}}^{2}\right)$ 均高于0.980,艾美 Lowry 线性的略差为 0.981,康为 BCA 的线性合格为 0.991,赛默飞BCA 的线性最佳为 0.993;以上方法学验证结果得出三种试剂盒的灵敏度的最低定量限分别为艾美 Lowry法 5μg/mL、康为 $\mathrm{{BCA}}$${5\mu}\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 、赛默飞 $\mathrm{{BCA}}$${2.5\mu}\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 。三种试剂盒对同一系列浓度 $\mathrm{{BSA}}$ 检测的值两两配对作曲线,其相关性系数均高于 0.990 。结论 通过实验,我们发现各试剂盒在不同浓度 BSA样品中表现出不同的性能,其中赛默飞 BCA 法在准确度和重复性方面表现最优,且三种方法之间存在一定的相关性。

, correspAuthors=杨二霞, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*杨二霞,博士,高级工程师,研究方向为疫苗开发。E-mail:
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曹明翔,硕士,研究方向为药物检测。

杨二霞,博士,高级工程师,研究方向为疫苗开发。

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曹明翔,硕士,研究方向为药物检测。

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曹明翔,硕士,研究方向为药物检测。

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杨二霞,博士,高级工程师,研究方向为疫苗开发。

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杨二霞,博士,高级工程师,研究方向为疫苗开发。

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试剂盒 理论值 $\left({\mu \mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}}\right)$ 实测平均值 (μg/mL) 回收率 (%) 相对标准偏差 RSD (%)
艾美 Lowry 0.3125 1.11 354.67 19.65
0.625 1.39 223.09 14.22
1.25 1.48 118.06 10.01
2.5 2.20 87.92 8.14
5 4.42 88.49 7.38
10 9.43 94.33 5.72
20 20.59 102.97 5.11
康为 BCA 0.3125 0.87 277.33 17.42
0.625 0.90 144.27 15.10
1.25 1.18 94.61 10.50
2.5 2.56 102.40 9.58
5 5.27 105.36 7.72
10 9.76 97.58 6.36
20 19.99 99.94 5.59
赛默飞 BCA 0.3125 1.08 345.88 15.48
0.625 1.23 196.82 13.19
1.25 1.40 111.90 9.57
2.5 2.10 84.13 4.72
5 4.89 97.87 5.94
10 9.88 98.81 5.13
20 19.36 96.78 4.04
), ArticleFig(id=1156967624715358622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156967541861077979, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=3 种试剂盒方法学验证数据 $\left({\mathrm{n}= 6}\right)$, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试剂盒 理论值 $\left({\mu \mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}}\right)$ 实测平均值 (μg/mL) 回收率 (%) 相对标准偏差 RSD (%)
艾美 Lowry 0.3125 1.11 354.67 19.65
0.625 1.39 223.09 14.22
1.25 1.48 118.06 10.01
2.5 2.20 87.92 8.14
5 4.42 88.49 7.38
10 9.43 94.33 5.72
20 20.59 102.97 5.11
康为 BCA 0.3125 0.87 277.33 17.42
0.625 0.90 144.27 15.10
1.25 1.18 94.61 10.50
2.5 2.56 102.40 9.58
5 5.27 105.36 7.72
10 9.76 97.58 6.36
20 19.99 99.94 5.59
赛默飞 BCA 0.3125 1.08 345.88 15.48
0.625 1.23 196.82 13.19
1.25 1.40 111.90 9.57
2.5 2.10 84.13 4.72
5 4.89 97.87 5.94
10 9.88 98.81 5.13
20 19.36 96.78 4.04
), ArticleFig(id=1156967624782467488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156967541861077979, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Comparison of linear ranges of 3 test kits $\left({\mathrm{n}= 6}\right)$, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试剂盒 艾美 Lowry 康为 BCA 赛默飞 BCA
标曲 $\left({0 \sim {20\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}}\right){\mathrm{R}}^{2}$ 0.981 0.991 0.993
范围 $\left({\mu \mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}}\right)$ 5~20 5~20 2.5 $\sim {20}$
), ArticleFig(id=1156967624832799137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156967541861077979, language=CN, label=表 2, caption=3 种试剂盒线性范围对比 $\left({\mathrm{n}= 6}\right)$, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试剂盒 艾美 Lowry 康为 BCA 赛默飞 BCA
标曲 $\left({0 \sim {20\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}}\right){\mathrm{R}}^{2}$ 0.981 0.991 0.993
范围 $\left({\mu \mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}}\right)$ 5~20 5~20 2.5 $\sim {20}$
), ArticleFig(id=1156967624887325090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156967541861077979, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=3 types of reagent kit detection value bridging parameters $\left({\mathrm{n}= 6}\right)$, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
理论标准品浓度 $\left({\mu \mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}}\right)$ 0.3125 0.625 1.25 2.5 5 10 20
实测平均值 (μg/mL) 艾美 Lowry 1.11 1.39 1.48 2.20 4.42 9.43 20.59
康为 BCA 0.87 0.90 1.18 2.56 5.27 9.76 19.99
赛默飞 BCA 1.08 1.23 1.40 2.10 4.89 9.88 19.36
试剂盒检测值比值 艾美 Lowry/ 康为 BCA 1.28 1.55 1.25 0.86 0.84 0.97 1.03
艾美 Lowry/ 赛默飞 BCA 1.03 1.13 1.05 1.05 0.90 0.95 1.06
康为 BCA/ 赛默飞 BCA 0.80 0.73 0.85 1.22 1.08 0.99 1.03
), ArticleFig(id=1156967624958628259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156967541861077979, language=CN, label=表 3, caption=3 种试剂盒检测值桥接参数 $\left({\mathrm{n}= 6}\right)$, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
理论标准品浓度 $\left({\mu \mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}}\right)$ 0.3125 0.625 1.25 2.5 5 10 20
实测平均值 (μg/mL) 艾美 Lowry 1.11 1.39 1.48 2.20 4.42 9.43 20.59
康为 BCA 0.87 0.90 1.18 2.56 5.27 9.76 19.99
赛默飞 BCA 1.08 1.23 1.40 2.10 4.89 9.88 19.36
试剂盒检测值比值 艾美 Lowry/ 康为 BCA 1.28 1.55 1.25 0.86 0.84 0.97 1.03
艾美 Lowry/ 赛默飞 BCA 1.03 1.13 1.05 1.05 0.90 0.95 1.06
康为 BCA/ 赛默飞 BCA 0.80 0.73 0.85 1.22 1.08 0.99 1.03
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三种蛋白含量测定试剂盒检测微量蛋白的性能比较
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曹明翔 , 徐华 , 刘碧云 , 张浩然 , 姜莉 , 杨二霞 *
实验室检测 | 评价与分析 2024,2(7): 126-130
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实验室检测 | 评价与分析 2024, 2(7): 126-130
三种蛋白含量测定试剂盒检测微量蛋白的性能比较
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曹明翔, 徐华, 刘碧云, 张浩然, 姜莉, 杨二霞*
作者信息
  • 艾美行动生物制药有限公司 泰州 225300
  • 曹明翔,硕士,研究方向为药物检测。

    杨二霞,博士,高级工程师,研究方向为疫苗开发。

通讯作者:

*杨二霞,博士,高级工程师,研究方向为疫苗开发。E-mail:
Comparison of performance of three protein content determination kits for detecting micro protein
Ming-Xiang CAO, Hua XU, Bi-Yun LIU, Hao-Ran ZHANG, Li JIANG, Er-Xia YANG*
Affiliations
  • Aimei Action Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Taizhou 225300 China
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目的 比较三种蛋白含量测定试剂盒(艾美 Lowry 法、康为 BCA法、赛默飞 BCA 法)检测微量(0~20μg/mL)蛋白的性能差异,选出最准确可靠的试剂盒用于微量蛋白样品检测。方法 分别使用该三种试剂盒检测微量蛋白含量,比较其准确度、灵敏度、线性及重复性,并评价其等效性。结果 三种试剂盒检测微量(1.25~20μg/mL)蛋白的回收率均在 75%~120%范围内,表现出合格的准确度;赛默飞 BCA 在 ${2.5}\sim {20}\mathrm{{\mug}}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ ,艾美 Lowry 和康为 BCA 在 $5 \sim {20}\mathrm{{\mug}}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 范围内符合精密度可接受范围 $\left({\mathrm{{RSD}}\leq 6\%}\right)$ ,表现出较好的重复性;三种试剂盒标准曲线 $\left({0 \sim {20}\mathrm{{\mug}}/\mathrm{{mL}}}\right)$ 的相关系数 $\left({\mathrm{R}}^{2}\right)$ 均高于0.980,艾美 Lowry 线性的略差为 0.981,康为 BCA 的线性合格为 0.991,赛默飞BCA 的线性最佳为 0.993;以上方法学验证结果得出三种试剂盒的灵敏度的最低定量限分别为艾美 Lowry法 5μg/mL、康为 $\mathrm{{BCA}}$${5\mu}\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 、赛默飞 $\mathrm{{BCA}}$${2.5\mu}\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 。三种试剂盒对同一系列浓度 $\mathrm{{BSA}}$ 检测的值两两配对作曲线,其相关性系数均高于 0.990 。结论 通过实验,我们发现各试剂盒在不同浓度 BSA样品中表现出不同的性能,其中赛默飞 BCA 法在准确度和重复性方面表现最优,且三种方法之间存在一定的相关性。

蛋白含量测定试剂盒  /  准确度  /  灵敏度  /  重复性  /  等效性

Objective Compare the performance differences of threeprotein content determination kits (Lowry method of Aimei, BCA method ofKangwei, and BCA method of Thermo Fisher) in detecting micro $\left({0 \sim {20\mu}\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}}\right)$ protein. Select the mostaccurate and reliable reagent kit for the detection of trace proteinsamples. Methods Use these three test kits to detect micro proteincontent, compare their accuracy, sensitivity, linearity andrepeatability, and evaluate their equivalence. Results The recoveryrates of the three test kits for detecting trace amounts $\left({{1.25}\sim {20\mu}\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}}\right)$ of protein were all withinthe range of 75%~120%, demonstrating qualified accuracy; Thermo FisherBCA meets the acceptable precision range (RSD $\leq 6\%$ ) in the range of ${2.5\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ to ${20\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ ,while Aimei Lowry and Kangwei BCA meet the acceptable precision range(RSD $\leq 6\%$ ) in the range of ${5\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ to ${20\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ ,demonstrating good repeatability; the correlation coefficient ${\mathrm{R}}^{2}$ of the standard curvesof the three test kits $\left({0\sim {20}\mathrm{{\mu g}}/\mathrm{{mL}}}\right)$ are all higherthan 0.980 . The linearity of Aimei Lowry is slightly poor, with ${\mathrm{R}}^{2}$ of 0.981 . The linearityof Kangwei BCA is qualified, with ${\mathrm{R}}^{2}$ of 0.991 . The linearityof Thermo Fisher BCA is the best, with ${\mathrm{R}}^{2}$ of 0.993; The abovemethodological validation results indicate that the minimumquantification limits for the sensitivity of the three test kits are ${5\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ forthe Aimei Lowry method, ${5\mu}\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ for the Kangwei BCA method, and ${2.5\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ for theThermo Fisher BCA method, respectively; Paired curves of values detectedby three reagent kits for the same series of BSA concentrations andtheir correlation coefficients were all higher than 0.990 . ConclusionThrough experiments, we found that each reagent kit exhibited differentperformance in different concentrations of BSA samples, among which theThermo Fisher BCA method performed the best in terms of accuracy andrepeatability, and there was a certain correlation between these threemethods.

protein content determination kit  /  accuracy  /  sensitivity  /  repeatability  /  equivalence
曹明翔, 徐华, 刘碧云, 张浩然, 姜莉, 杨二霞. 三种蛋白含量测定试剂盒检测微量蛋白的性能比较. 实验室检测, 2024 , 2 (7) : 126 -130 .
Ming-Xiang CAO, Hua XU, Bi-Yun LIU, Hao-Ran ZHANG, Li JIANG, Er-Xia YANG. Comparison of performance of three protein content determination kits for detecting micro protein[J]. Laboratory Testing, 2024 , 2 (7) : 126 -130 .
蛋白质 (Protein) 是人体所需的重要营养物质, 是人体中不可或缺的组成成分。蛋白质具有多种生理功能, 如修复和构成人体组织,参与人体新陈代谢,甚至提供能量等功能 [ 1 ] 。涂占晗等研究者进一步阐述了大多数蛋白质并不能单独行使其功能, 而是通过与其他蛋白质相互作用来参与细胞或组织的生理活动 [ 2 ]
灭活疫苗中主要成分为抗原和佐剂, 以马丽等在《口蹄疫灭活疫苗中蛋白质含量测定方法的比较》研究中以口蹄疫苗的生产检测为例 [ 3 ] ,纯化不完全的疫苗中可能会含有细胞碎片、 血清、病毒非结构蛋白等杂蛋白,使用过程中会引发动物副反应, 同时疫苗中病毒非结构蛋白的存在给病毒感染和疫苗免疫的鉴别诊断带来困难。因此包括疫苗产品在内的各类含蛋白质产品的质量控制特别重要。
蛋白质含量检测方法较多,常用的凯氏定氮法、光度法(考马斯亮蓝 G-250 法、双缩脲法、Folin 酚法 (Lowry 法)、BCA 法和紫外吸收法)等等 [ 4 - 8 ] 。凯氏定氮法实验操作中涉及煮沸, 滴定等操作 [ 7 ] ,相对 Folin 酚法 (Lowry 法)、BCA 法等较为繁琐; 姜黎等在双缩脲法与考马斯亮蓝染色法在乳制品饮料蛋白质含量测定的研究实验中 [ 4 ] 双缩脲法的检测限仅为 ${50\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ ,显然其检测限超出本研究微量浓度范围 $0 \sim {20\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ ; Folin 酚法与样品中蛋白质含量有密切关系, 样品含量较低时, 吸光度值与蛋白质含量呈良好的线性关系, 灵敏度较高, 但是蛋白质含量高时, 吸光度值与蛋白质含量呈对数关系,灵敏度变低 [ 9 ] 。早期有报道 Lowry 法标准蛋白浓度设置范围为 ${10}\sim {100\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ ; BCA 法标准蛋白浓度设置在 ${20}\sim {1000\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$$\mathrm{R}$ 值仍大于 ${0.998}$[10] 。另有报道 BCA 法和 Lowry 法灵敏度均较高, 可检测的已知最低蛋白质量达 ${5\mu }\mathrm{g}/{\mathrm{{mL}}}$[11] 。有研究者对多糖样品中微量蛋白质的检测中使用到了 Micro-BCA 法,并发现 $\mathrm{{BSA}}$ 浓度在 ${10}\sim {40\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 范围内线性良好,线性相关系数 $\left({\mathrm{R}}^{2}\right)> {0.99}$ ,且检测限均值为 ${0.4\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ ,定量限均值为 ${1.1\mu }\mathrm{g}/{\mathrm{{mL}}}$[12]
针对不同检测方法, 目前市场上存在多种蛋白含量测定试剂盒,选择合适的方法对于实验结果的可靠性至关重要。因此本研究选取了三种常用的操作简便且检测限低的适用于微量蛋白含量测定的试剂盒:艾美 Lowry、康为 BCA、赛默飞 BCA, 通过比较其检测微量蛋白的性能, 为实验室选择更精准且便捷的测定蛋白质含量的方法提供依据。
仪器:全波长酶标仪 711型(Thermo Fisher 公司);紫外分光光度计 UV-1780 型(SHIMADZU 公司);电子天平 ME104(酶特勒 - 托利多仪器上海有限公司); 恒温水浴锅 JY-SY-12II型 (上海成顺仪器仪表有限公司);恒温箱 (Thermo 公司)。
试剂:BSA 标准品 ( Solarbio 公司 ); 微量蛋白含量测定的试剂盒 BCA 法 (Thermo 公司); BCA 蛋白定量试剂盒 (康为世纪生物科技有限公司);Folin 酚试剂、酒石酸钾、硫酸铜、 无水碳酸钠、氢氧化钠(均来自上海国药沪试公司)。
将初始浓度为 $5\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{mL}}$$\mathrm{{BSA}}$ 标准品用纯化水依次稀释为 ${0.3125}\text{、}{0.625}\text{、}{1.25}\text{、}{2.5}\text{、}5\text{、}{10}\text{、}{20\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 的不同浓度的 BSA 待测样品。
依据本公司《蛋白质测定法(Lowry 法)SOP》简述如下: 碱性铜试液: 取氢氧化钠 $2\mathrm{\;g}$ ,无水碳酸钠 ${10}\mathrm{\;g}$ ,加水 ${60}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 使溶解,作为甲液; 取酒石酸钾 0.1g,硫酸铜 0.05g,加水 ${30}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 使溶解,作为乙液。临用前,合并甲、乙液,并加水至 ${100}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 。Folin 酚试剂:取 $1\mathrm{\;{mol}}/\mathrm{L}$ 的 Folin 酚试剂,用水稀释使其终浓度为 ${0.125}\mathrm{\;{mol}}/\mathrm{L}$ 。精密量取对照品溶液 ${0.0}\text{、}{0.1}\text{、}{0.3}$ 、 0.5、0.7、0.9 mL(对照品溶液取用量可在本法测定范围内进行适当调整),分别置于离心管中,各补加水至 $1\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ ,再分别加入碱性铜试液 ${1.0}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ ,摇匀,室温 ( ${20}\sim {25}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ ) 放置 10 分钟, 各加入 Folin 酚试液 ${4.0}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ ,立即混匀,室温( ${20}\sim {25}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ )放置 30 分钟,按紫外 - 可见分光光度法操作,在波长 ${650}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ 处测定吸光度; 同时以对照品溶液 ${0.0}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 管作为空白。以对照品的蛋白质浓度对其相应吸光度作直线回归, 求得直线回归方程 ( ${\mathrm{R}}^{2}\geq {0.990}$ )。另精密取供试品溶液和对照品,同法测定。以线性回归方程计算供试品溶液中的蛋白质浓度, 并乘以稀释倍数, 即得。
严格按照康为世纪试剂盒《BCA 蛋白定量试剂盒》使用说明书进行操作, 并按照试剂盒说明书的要求判断结果。
严格按照 Thermo 公司 Micro BCA Protein Assay Kit 使用说明书进行操作, 并按照试剂盒说明书的要求判断结果。
分别用 3 个试剂盒检测不同浓度的 BSA 标准品 ( 0、0.3125、 ${0.625}\text{、}{1.25}\text{、}{2.5}\text{、}5\text{、}{10}\text{、}{20\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ ),计算各浓度 $\mathrm{{BSA}}$ 样品的检测值与理论浓度的回收率和 RSD, 比较各浓度范围内 3 个试剂盒的准确度、灵敏度、线性和重复性, 每组重复 6 次。
回收率 $=$ 实测值 / 理论值 ×100%
相关性检测方法: 将 6 个不同浓度 ( $0 \sim {20\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ ) 的供试品分别用 3 个试剂盒检测,以试剂盒 1 的检测结果为 $\mathrm{X}$ ,试剂盒 2 的检测结果为 $\mathrm{Y}$ ,求出线性回归方程 $\mathrm{Y}= \mathrm{{bX}}+ \mathrm{a}$ (其中 $\mathrm{B}$ 为斜率, A 为截距),由 EXCEL 计算相关系数 ${\mathrm{R}}^{2},{\mathrm{R}}^{2}$ 越接近 1, 截距越接近 0 ,则两种方法的等效性越好;将各试剂盒所测不同浓度范围 BSA 样品的结果比对分析, 可得到 3 个试剂盒检测结果之间的赋值即为桥接参数。试剂盒 1 与试剂盒 3 ,试剂盒 2 与试剂盒 3 的结果比较同以上。每个试剂盒均重复检测 6 次。
两试剂盒桥接参数 $=$ 试剂盒 1 实测平均值/试剂盒 2 实测平均值
使用 Graph Pad Prism 5.0 软件进行图表分析。
准确度: 三种试剂盒分别对各浓度 BSA 样品的检测结果由 表 1 可见, ${1.25}\sim {20\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 的回收率均在 ${75}\%\sim {120}\%$ 范围内, 符合《2020 版中国药典》中“待测成分回收率限定表”的限定范围, 表明 3 种试剂盒检测微量蛋白的准确度接近, 且最低限度均能达到 ${1.25\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$
重复性:依据《2020 版中国药典》“样品中待测成分的含量与精密度可接受范围关系”, 表 1 中对各检测值的相对标准偏差 (RSD) 统计结果可见: 赛默飞 BCA 均在 ${2.5}\sim {20\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 内符合精密度可接受范围,而艾美 Lowry 和康为 BCA 则在 $5 \sim {20\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 内符合精密度可接受范围。
灵敏度: 依据本研究的准确度和重复性可确定三种试剂盒的灵敏度的最低定量限分别为艾美 Lowry 法 ${5\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 、康为 $\mathrm{{BCA}}$${5\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 、赛默飞 $\mathrm{{BCA}}$${2.5\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$
线性和范围:三种试剂盒 BSA 标准品配制如下范围(0、 ${0.3125}\text{、}{0.625}\text{、}{1.25}\text{、}{2.5}\text{、}5\text{、}{10}\text{、}{20\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ )的标准曲线后其 ${\mathrm{R}}^{2}$ 的如 表 2 可见,均高于 0.980,艾美 Lowry 线性的略差,康为 BCA 的线性合格, 赛默飞 BCA 的线性最佳。
综合方法学验证数据的准确度、灵敏度、线性和重复性可确定三种微量蛋白检测试剂盒中赛默飞 BCA 拥有的最大的检测范围 ${2.5}\sim {20\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$
分别将试剂盒对同一系列浓度 BSA 检测值两两配对作曲线, 由 图 1 -3 可见, 3 组相关性系数均高于 0.990, 其中康淮 Lowry 与赛默飞 BCA 最高为 0.9985 ,表明三种试剂盒检测微量 ( $0 \sim {20\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ ) 的相关性均较强。
各试剂盒所测不同浓度范围 BSA 样品的结果比值即为桥接参数如 表 3 :
Lowry 法也称福林酚法,自 1922 年 Wu H 首次提出用福林酚试剂测定蛋白质含量, 1951 年 Lowry 等将此试剂与双缩脲法结合, 其结合了双缩脲试剂和酚试剂与蛋白质的反应。但是此方法干扰物质较多, 对双缩脲反应产生干扰的离子, 同样容易干扰此方法 [ 13 ] 。2,2’-联喹啉-4,4-二羧酸法又称二辛可酸比色法,
简称 BCA (bicinchinonic acid, 二喹啉甲酸) 法。此方法操作简单, 灵敏性比 Lowry 法高, 最常用的为半微量体系, 与其他方法相比其干扰物质较少,仅受还原剂和铜螯合剂影响 [ 14 ] 。干扰物质的存在大概也是本研究中艾美 Lowry 法的相对标准偏差 RSD (%) 高于康为 BCA 法和赛默飞 BCA 法, 即艾美 Lowry 法检测部分蛋白质样品的重复性低于康为 BCA 法和赛默飞 BCA 法的因素。
实际检测中有时一种方法不能准确测定蛋白质的含量, 可以同时应用两种方法,已有研究将凯氏定氮法与等电点法联用 [ 15 ] 。 另有研究将数码比色法与考马斯亮蓝染色法结合测定蛋白质含量, 实验发现上述两种方法联用具有测定时间短、准确度高等优点 [ 16 ] 。这些联用的案例对更可靠的检测方法的建立很受启发, 本单位已经实现高效液相色谱法 (HPLC) 对蛋白质的半定量检测, 后续工作中可将 HPLC 法与 BCA 法或 Lowry 法结合, 实现两种以上检测方法的联用或互为佐证, 以提高检测结果的准确性。
本研究的实验结果显示: ${1.25}\sim {20\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 范围内的蛋白含量检测准确性均较高, 但重复性有差异, 赛默飞 BCA 法最高, 因此日常试验中在没有赛默飞 BCA 法试剂盒的情况下使用艾美 Lowry 法或康为 BCA 法对样品进行检测值均可参照 表 3 的比值换算求得。
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2024年第2卷第7期
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    艾美行动生物制药有限公司 泰州 225300

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*杨二霞,博士,高级工程师,研究方向为疫苗开发。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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