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This study aims to respond to the call of the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture Ecological Environment Bureau to intensify monitoring of the Erhai Lake area and its main rivers, and conduct long-term and continuous monitoring of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and dissolved oxygen (DO) in the river channel entering Erhai Lake in Dali Manjiang. By deeply analyzing nearly 170 sets of monitoring data and drawing a relationship diagram between COD and DO, we have a deep understanding of the relationship between these two water quality indicators in the river channel entering Erhai Lake in Dali Manjiang. This study not only provides strong data support for further monitoring and control of the river channel entering Erhai Lake, but also provides a scientific basis for promoting the protection of Erhai Lake. By revealing the relationship between COD and DO, it is possible to more accurately assess the water quality of the river channel entering Erhai Lake, so as to more effectively formulate and implement environmental protection measures and contribute to the sustainable and healthy development of the ecological environment of Erhai Lake.

, correspAuthors=Jiao-Li MA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*MA Jiao-Li, Middle Engineer, Yunnan Provincial Geological and Mineral Exploration and Development Bureau Central Laboratory Dianxi Testing Institute, Dali 671000, China. E-mail:
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本研究旨在响应大理白族自治州生态环境局对洱海湖区及其主要河流加密监测的号召,对大理满江洱海入湖河道的化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand,COD)和溶解氧(dissolved oxygen,DO)进行了长期、连续的监测。通过深入分析近170组监测数据,并绘制COD与DO之间的关系图,我们深入理解了这两个水质指标在大理满江洱海入湖河道中的相互关系。本研究不仅为洱海入湖河道的进一步监测与控制提供了有力的数据支持,而且为推进洱海保护工作提供了科学依据。通过揭示COD与DO之间的关系,得以更准确地评估洱海入湖河道的水质状况,从而更有效地制定和实施环保措施,为洱海生态环境的持续健康发展贡献力量。

, correspAuthors=马姣丽, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*马姣丽,中级工程师,研究方向为化学、环境、地矿检测。E-mail:
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马姣丽,中级工程师,研究方向为化学、环境、地矿检测。

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马姣丽,中级工程师,研究方向为化学、环境、地矿检测。

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马姣丽,中级工程师,研究方向为化学、环境、地矿检测。

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点位 $\mathrm{{N01}}$ N02 N03 N04 N05 N06 $\mathrm{{N07}}$ N08 N09 $\mathrm{{N10}}$ $\mathrm{{N11}}$ $\mathrm{N}{12}$ $\mathrm{{N13}}$ $\mathrm{{N14}}$ $\mathrm{{N15}}$ N16 $\mathrm{{N17}}$
DO (mg/L) 6.56 9.44 8.24 6.87 7.06 6.04 6.52 5.61 5.94 4.97 6.08 6.04 5.74 6.78 6.19 6.40 6.35
COD(mg/L) 7 2 11 7 5 8 8 10 11 13 8 9 14 9 8 8 7
), ArticleFig(id=1156967630268617218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156967540414043090, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=第 1 天同时间同点位监测结果, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
点位 $\mathrm{{N01}}$ N02 N03 N04 N05 N06 $\mathrm{{N07}}$ N08 N09 $\mathrm{{N10}}$ $\mathrm{{N11}}$ $\mathrm{N}{12}$ $\mathrm{{N13}}$ $\mathrm{{N14}}$ $\mathrm{{N15}}$ N16 $\mathrm{{N17}}$
DO (mg/L) 6.56 9.44 8.24 6.87 7.06 6.04 6.52 5.61 5.94 4.97 6.08 6.04 5.74 6.78 6.19 6.40 6.35
COD(mg/L) 7 2 11 7 5 8 8 10 11 13 8 9 14 9 8 8 7
), ArticleFig(id=1156967630331531779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156967540414043090, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Monitoring results at the same time and at the same point on the second day, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
点位 N01 N02 N03 N04 N05 N06 $\mathrm{{N07}}$ N08 N09 $\mathrm{{N10}}$ $\mathrm{{N11}}$ $\mathrm{N}{12}$ $\mathrm{N}{13}$ $\mathrm{{N14}}$ $\mathrm{{N15}}$ $\mathrm{{N16}}$ $\mathrm{N}{17}$
DO (mg/L) 6.56 9.44 8.24 6.87 7.06 6.04 6.52 5.61 5.94 4.97 6.08 6.04 5.74 6.78 6.19 6.40 6.35
COD (mg/L) 7 2 4 7 5 8 8 12 11 18 8 7 14 6 8 8 7
), ArticleFig(id=1156967630377669124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156967540414043090, language=CN, label=表 2, caption=第 2 天同时间同点位监测结果, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
点位 N01 N02 N03 N04 N05 N06 $\mathrm{{N07}}$ N08 N09 $\mathrm{{N10}}$ $\mathrm{{N11}}$ $\mathrm{N}{12}$ $\mathrm{N}{13}$ $\mathrm{{N14}}$ $\mathrm{{N15}}$ $\mathrm{{N16}}$ $\mathrm{N}{17}$
DO (mg/L) 6.56 9.44 8.24 6.87 7.06 6.04 6.52 5.61 5.94 4.97 6.08 6.04 5.74 6.78 6.19 6.40 6.35
COD (mg/L) 7 2 4 7 5 8 8 12 11 18 8 7 14 6 8 8 7
), ArticleFig(id=1156967630440583685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156967540414043090, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=Monitoring results at the same time and at the same point on the third day, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
点位 N01 N02 N03 N04 N05 N06 $\mathrm{{N07}}$ N08 N09 $\mathrm{{N10}}$ $\mathrm{{N11}}$ $\mathrm{N}{12}$ $\mathrm{{N13}}$ $\mathrm{{N14}}$ $\mathrm{{N15}}$ $\mathrm{{N16}}$ $\mathrm{N}{17}$
DO (mg/L) 5.99 10.02 7.58 7.01 6.98 6.24 6.77 5.02 6.25 4.01 5.96 6.02 5.99 6.25 6.74 6.99 6.42
COD (mg/L) 9 1 5 5 6 6 7 11 8 18 16 12 14 9 8 9 8
), ArticleFig(id=1156967630507692550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156967540414043090, language=CN, label=表 3, caption=第 3 天同时间同点位监测结果, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
点位 N01 N02 N03 N04 N05 N06 $\mathrm{{N07}}$ N08 N09 $\mathrm{{N10}}$ $\mathrm{{N11}}$ $\mathrm{N}{12}$ $\mathrm{{N13}}$ $\mathrm{{N14}}$ $\mathrm{{N15}}$ $\mathrm{{N16}}$ $\mathrm{N}{17}$
DO (mg/L) 5.99 10.02 7.58 7.01 6.98 6.24 6.77 5.02 6.25 4.01 5.96 6.02 5.99 6.25 6.74 6.99 6.42
COD (mg/L) 9 1 5 5 6 6 7 11 8 18 16 12 14 9 8 9 8
), ArticleFig(id=1156967630566412807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156967540414043090, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=Monitoring results at the same time and at the same point on the fourth day, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
点位 N01 N02 N03 N04 N05 N06 $\mathrm{{N07}}$ N08 N09 $\mathrm{{N10}}$ $\mathrm{{N11}}$ $\mathrm{N}{12}$ $\mathrm{{N13}}$ $\mathrm{{N14}}$ N15 $\mathrm{{N16}}$ $\mathrm{{N17}}$
DO (mg/L) 6.05 9.72 7.25 6.85 6.15 6.74 6.98 4.58 6.77 4.15 6.45 6.55 5.04 6.35 6.56 7.36 6.75
COD (mg/L) 9 2 8 6 6 7 6 13 9 19 8 9 12 8 7 6 8
), ArticleFig(id=1156967630658687497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156967540414043090, language=CN, label=表 4, caption=第 4 天同时间同点位监测结果, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
点位 N01 N02 N03 N04 N05 N06 $\mathrm{{N07}}$ N08 N09 $\mathrm{{N10}}$ $\mathrm{{N11}}$ $\mathrm{N}{12}$ $\mathrm{{N13}}$ $\mathrm{{N14}}$ N15 $\mathrm{{N16}}$ $\mathrm{{N17}}$
DO (mg/L) 6.05 9.72 7.25 6.85 6.15 6.74 6.98 4.58 6.77 4.15 6.45 6.55 5.04 6.35 6.56 7.36 6.75
COD (mg/L) 9 2 8 6 6 7 6 13 9 19 8 9 12 8 7 6 8
), ArticleFig(id=1156967630725796363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156967540414043090, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=Monitoring results at the same time and at the same point on the fifth day, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
点位 N01 $\mathrm{{N02}}$ N03 N04 N05 N06 $\mathrm{{N07}}$ N08 N09 $\mathrm{{N10}}$ $\mathrm{{N11}}$ $\mathrm{N}{12}$ $\mathrm{{N13}}$ $\mathrm{{N14}}$ $\mathrm{{N15}}$ N16 $\mathrm{N}{17}$
DO (mg/L) 6.25 9.47 7.99 6.27 7.13 5.95 6.32 5.91 6.05 4.14 6.85 6.14 5.11 6.98 5.86 6.33 6.75
COD (mg/L) 6 1 3 7 4 10 5 4 8 19 8 8 11 6 9 7 6
), ArticleFig(id=1156967630788710924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156967540414043090, language=CN, label=表 5, caption=第 5 天同时间同点位监测结果, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
点位 N01 $\mathrm{{N02}}$ N03 N04 N05 N06 $\mathrm{{N07}}$ N08 N09 $\mathrm{{N10}}$ $\mathrm{{N11}}$ $\mathrm{N}{12}$ $\mathrm{{N13}}$ $\mathrm{{N14}}$ $\mathrm{{N15}}$ N16 $\mathrm{N}{17}$
DO (mg/L) 6.25 9.47 7.99 6.27 7.13 5.95 6.32 5.91 6.05 4.14 6.85 6.14 5.11 6.98 5.86 6.33 6.75
COD (mg/L) 6 1 3 7 4 10 5 4 8 19 8 8 11 6 9 7 6
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大理满江洱海入湖河道化学需氧量、溶解氧测定及相互关系研究
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马姣丽 *
实验室检测 | 评价与分析 2024,2(7): 89-93
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实验室检测 | 评价与分析 2024, 2(7): 89-93
大理满江洱海入湖河道化学需氧量、溶解氧测定及相互关系研究
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马姣丽*
作者信息
  • 云南省地质矿产勘查开发局中心实验室滇西测试所 大理 671000
  • 马姣丽,中级工程师,研究方向为化学、环境、地矿检测。

通讯作者:

*马姣丽,中级工程师,研究方向为化学、环境、地矿检测。E-mail:
Determination and relationship study of COD and DO in the Manjiang and erhai rivers entering the lake in Dali
Jiao-Li MA*
Affiliations
  • Yunnan Provincial Geological and Mineral Exploration and Development Bureau Central Laboratory Dianxi Testing Institute Dali 671000 China
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本研究旨在响应大理白族自治州生态环境局对洱海湖区及其主要河流加密监测的号召,对大理满江洱海入湖河道的化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand,COD)和溶解氧(dissolved oxygen,DO)进行了长期、连续的监测。通过深入分析近170组监测数据,并绘制COD与DO之间的关系图,我们深入理解了这两个水质指标在大理满江洱海入湖河道中的相互关系。本研究不仅为洱海入湖河道的进一步监测与控制提供了有力的数据支持,而且为推进洱海保护工作提供了科学依据。通过揭示COD与DO之间的关系,得以更准确地评估洱海入湖河道的水质状况,从而更有效地制定和实施环保措施,为洱海生态环境的持续健康发展贡献力量。

溶解氧  /  化学需氧量  /  河道  /  关系

This study aims to respond to the call of the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture Ecological Environment Bureau to intensify monitoring of the Erhai Lake area and its main rivers, and conduct long-term and continuous monitoring of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and dissolved oxygen (DO) in the river channel entering Erhai Lake in Dali Manjiang. By deeply analyzing nearly 170 sets of monitoring data and drawing a relationship diagram between COD and DO, we have a deep understanding of the relationship between these two water quality indicators in the river channel entering Erhai Lake in Dali Manjiang. This study not only provides strong data support for further monitoring and control of the river channel entering Erhai Lake, but also provides a scientific basis for promoting the protection of Erhai Lake. By revealing the relationship between COD and DO, it is possible to more accurately assess the water quality of the river channel entering Erhai Lake, so as to more effectively formulate and implement environmental protection measures and contribute to the sustainable and healthy development of the ecological environment of Erhai Lake.

dissolved oxygen  /  chemical oxygen demand  /  river channel  /  relationship
马姣丽. 大理满江洱海入湖河道化学需氧量、溶解氧测定及相互关系研究. 实验室检测, 2024 , 2 (7) : 89 -93 .
Jiao-Li MA. Determination and relationship study of COD and DO in the Manjiang and erhai rivers entering the lake in Dali[J]. Laboratory Testing, 2024 , 2 (7) : 89 -93 .
洱海作为大理的瑰宝, 其水质的保护与监测工作至关重要。 近年来, 随着《云南省大理白族自治州洱海保护条例》的修订与公布, 洱海保护的重要性愈发凸显。洱海治理的成功经验不仅为国内其他湖泊提供了参考, 更在全球湖泊保护中具有重要意义。本文旨在探讨洱海入湖河道的 COD 和 DO 测定及其相互关系, 以期进一步揭示洱海保护治理的内在机制, 为全球湖泊保护贡献中国智慧 [ 1 - 2 ]
20 世纪 80 年代, 洱海质量一直很高, 但长期维持在贫营养阶段。2023 年 1~12 月,全国监测的 209 个重点湖中,水质优良 (I ~ III类) 湖库个数占比 74.6%,同比上升 0.8 个百分点; 劣 V 类水质湖库个数占 4.8%,同比持平。其中滇池为轻度污染、 中度富营养;洱海水质良好、中度富营养。随着洱海的经济社会发展、人员集聚以及人类生产活动环境的改变, 对洱海水质生态的影响也愈来愈大, 洱海已经经过了又一次从贫营养湖泊向高营养湖泊再向富营养湖泊的发展阶段, 环境保护的任务也将相伴于此 [ 3 ]
2023 年以来,大理白族自治州生态环境局把生态环境监测工作摆在突出位置,当好深入打好污染防治攻坚战的“头道关”。 生态环境局结合贯彻落实生态环境部和中国环境监测总站工作要求, 启动了洱海湖区、主要河流加密监测工作。明确监测机制, 制定工作流程 [ 4 ]
通过 2022 年大理满江洱海入湖河道的水质监测工作, 并大量连续长期监测 COD、DO,并列出相关的关系图来衡量水质受污染情况。在该工作中获得了大量有效的监测数据, 进一步建立了洱海监测与控制的经验。
通过 HJ 828-2017 重铬酸盐法测定化学需氧量, HJ 506-2009 的电化学探头法监测数据 [ 5 ] 。由定点野外采集水样点位图, 如 图 1 (每个月连续 10 天同时段、同地点采集,每天共监控 17 个点位)。
以下测试资料中: COD 的测定所使用的方法为 HJ 828-2017 重铬酸盐法测定化学需氧量;DO 的测定使用的是 HJ 506-2009 的电化学探头法。
在有硫酸 - 硫酸银的强酸介质下的混匀水样中加入已知量的重铬酸钾溶液,经过 $2\mathrm{\;h}$ 的低温沸腾回流后用指示剂 (试亚铁灵)、硫酸亚铁铵标准溶液滴定水样, 由使用的滴定量计算出 COD 的质量浓度 ${\left(\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}\right)}$[6]
①硫酸:优级纯;②重铬酸钾:提前在 105℃ 烘干并恒重的基准;③硫酸银;④硫酸汞(剧毒,注意防护和废液处理);⑤硫酸亚铁铵;⑥硫酸溶液(1+9);⑦重铬酸钾溶液: $c ={0.0250}\mathrm{\;{mol}}/\mathrm{L}$ ; ⑧ 硫酸银 - 硫酸溶液: 准确称取 $5\mathrm{\;g}$ 硫酸银固体小心溶于 ${500}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 浓硫酸中,融化后摇匀;待用;⑨硫酸汞溶液 ${100}\mathrm{\;g}/\mathrm{L}$ : 称取 ${100}\mathrm{\;g}$ 硫酸汞溶于 ${900}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 水中,再缓慢加入 ${100}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 浓硫酸 [ 7 ] 。小心摇匀,待用;⑩试亚铁灵指示剂溶液: 在提前配好的 ${0.7}\mathrm{\;g}$ 七水合硫酸亚铁溶于 ${50}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 水的溶液中加入 ${1.5}\mathrm{\;g}$ 邻菲罗啉试剂,并定容至 ${100}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ ;(11)防爆沸玻璃珠;(12)七水合硫酸亚铁铵;(13)硫酸亚铁铵标准溶液: $c \approx {0.005}\mathrm{\;{mol}}/{\mathrm{L}}_{\circ }$ (每日临时用前必须标定,标定时做平行双样)。
硫酸亚铁铵标定方法: 在锥形瓶中加入 ${45}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 实验用水, 用移液管准确量取 $5\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 重铬酸钾标准溶液,摇匀后缓慢加入 ${15}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 浓硫酸,摇匀冷却待测。在锥形瓶中加入 3 滴指示剂⑩, 用标准溶液 (B) 滴定至溶液为红褐色,记录标准溶液使用量 (mL)。 用以下计算方式算出硫酸亚铁按标准溶液的浓度 $c$ (mol/L)。
$ c =\frac{{5.00}\mathrm{\;{mL}}\times {0.0250}\mathrm{\;{mol}}/\mathrm{L}}{V}$
标准 COD 消解器。分析天平: 量感为 ${0.0001}\mathrm{g}$ ; 酸式滴定管:25mL;实验用水和一般实验常用仪器和设备 [ 8 ]
采集的水样在玻璃瓶中, 原则上尽快分析, 如果不能尽快分析的加入硫酸①使 Ph<2 在 ${4}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 下保存,最长保存时间不超过 5 天。
在提前加入不超过 $2\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 硫酸汞溶液④的锥形瓶中加入 ${10}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 混匀的水样 ${V}_{2}$ ,依次准确加入 $5\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 重铬酸钾标准溶液⑦、和少许防爆玻璃珠。
将锥形瓶放到 COD 标准消解器上, 从冷凝管上端缓慢加入 ${15}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 硫酸 - 硫酸银溶液⑧ 稍后摇匀锥形瓶使溶液混匀,从开始沸腾算起回流 2 小时 (注意微沸 ), 冷却后从冷凝管上端缓缓加入 ${45}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 水,取下,冷却至室温。
冷却后加入 $2 \sim 3$ 滴亚铁灵试剂⑩,用硫酸亚铁铵标准溶液 (14)滴定,使溶液从黄色变为蓝绿色再到红褐色为终点,记录硫酸亚铁铵使用的体积 ${V}_{1}\left(\mathrm{{mL}}\right)$
空白试验: 以 ${10}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 实验用水代替试样以上述相同的步骤进行空白试验,记录空白滴定消耗的硫酸亚铁铵的体积 ${V}_{0}\left(\mathrm{{mL}}\right)$ , 做平行双样 [ 9 - 10 ]
样品中化学需氧量的质量浓度 $\rho =\frac{c \times {V}_{0}- {V}_{1}\times {8000}\times \mathrm{f}}{{V}_{2}}$
结果表示: 当 CODcr 结果小于 ${100}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$ 时保留至整数; 当 CODcr 结果大于或等于 ${100}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$ 时,保留三位有效数字。
$\mathrm{{DO}}$ 为现场采样时测定的项目,用的是便携式水质多参数测定仪,以及溶解氧瓶 [ 11 ]
9 月份定点连续 10 天监测数据, 见 图 2 -6, 表 1 -5
点位数据显示,大部分区域 $\mathrm{{DO}}$ 值稳定,但 $\mathrm{{NO}}8$$\mathrm{N}{10}$ 点位较低,可能缺氧。COD 值在部分点位偏高,尤其是 N03、
$\mathrm{{N09}}$$\mathrm{{N13}}$ ,表明这些点位有机物污染较严重。需要针对这些区域加强水质监测,并采取相应措施进行改善。
整体来看,点位 $\mathrm{{DO}}$ 值较为稳定,但 $\mathrm{{NO}}8\text{、}\mathrm{\;N}{09}$$\mathrm{N}{10}$ 点位DO偏低, 可能存在缺氧情况。COD 值在不同点位间波动较大, $\mathrm{N}{03}\text{、}\mathrm{\;N}{08}\text{、}\mathrm{\;N}{09}\text{、}\mathrm{\;N}{13}$$\mathrm{N}{10}$$\mathrm{{COD}}$ 值较高,特别是 $\mathrm{N}{10}$ 点位的 COD 值达到 ${18}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{L}$ ,说明这些区域存在较严重的有机物污染。需密切关注这些点位的水质变化,加强污染源头管控, 采取有效措施改善水质。 可能存在缺氧风险。COD 值显示部分点位 ( 如 N08、N10 和 采取针对性的治理措施, 以保障水质安全。 大部分点位 DO 值处于正常范围,但 N08 和 N10 点位较低, N13 )有机物污染较严重。需对这些点位加强监测,分析污染源,
点位数据表明,大部分点位 $\mathrm{{DO}}$ 值处于正常范围,但 $\mathrm{{NO}}8$ 和 N13 点位偏低, 可能缺氧。COD 值在 N08 和 N10 点位显著偏高, 表明有机物污染严重。需加强这两个点位的监测与治理, 深入调查污染源,并采取措施降低 $\mathrm{{COD}}$ 值,提升 $\mathrm{{DO}}$ 水平,以保障整体水质安全。
第 5 天点位数据表明, DO 值整体正常, 但 N08、N10 和 $\mathrm{N}{13}$ 点位偏低,需关注是否缺氧。COD 值在 N06、N10 和 N13 点位偏高,显示有机物污染较重。建议加强这些点位的水质监测, 查明污染来源,采取相应措施降低 $\mathrm{{COD}}$ 值,提升 $\mathrm{{DO}}$ 水平保障水质安全。
经过深入研究与分析, 我们全面概述了洱海入湖河道 COD、DO 的测定及相互关系。研究发现, 二者之间存在负相关关系, 这一重要观点为我们评价水质提供了新的视角。在实际应用中, 这些发现对保护洱海生态、制定治理策略具有重要意义。然而, 本研究仍存在不足之处, 如测定方法的进一步优化、 数据处理的精准性等。未来, 我们期待在现有基础上深入探索, 为解决洱海水质问题贡献更多力量 [ 12 - 13 ]
通过以上方法测定出的多组数据可以较为明确的体现出, 大理满江洱海入湖河道水体同时间同地点同点位的每天变化不是很大, 呈现相对稳定的状态。但局部仍有较为突出的数值变化, 需落实引起变化原因。落实是否存在集中性季节降水、低量工业废水污染、不固定农村生活垃圾污染、农业污染、畜牧养殖业污染等情况。整理和统计监测方法及经验, 进一步推广至其他湖库监测工作。
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2024年第2卷第7期
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    云南省地质矿产勘查开发局中心实验室滇西测试所 大理 671000

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*马姣丽,中级工程师,研究方向为化学、环境、地矿检测。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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属数
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genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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