Article(id=1156967445866042322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1156967445161402379, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.2169/internalmedicine.1730-23, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753772134509, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753772134509, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753772134509, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753772134509, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156967445161402379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, year='2024', volume='2', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='160', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=0, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1753772134342, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753777952624, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1156991848855200553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1156967445161402379, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1156991848855200554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1156967445161402379, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=28, endPage=32, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156967446415496148, articleId=1156967445866042322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, language=EN, title=Determination of caffeine content in instant milk tea by liquid chromatography, columnId=1156641065621906129, journalTitle=Laboratory Testing, columnName=Innovative Applications, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To establish a new liquid chromatographic methodfor caffeine content in milk tea, to detect the caffeine content ofinstant milk tea in the region, and to make recommendations on healtheffects. Methods The determination was carried out on a Waters highperformance liquid chromatography Symmetry C18 column $\left({{5\mu}\mathrm{m}\times {150}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times {4.6}\mathrm{\;{mm}}}\right)$ ,the mobile phase was methanol-water $\left({{30}+ {70}}\right)$ at a flow rateof $1\mathrm{\;{mL}}/\mathrm{{min}}$ ,the detection wavelength of ${272}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ , and the columntemperature was ${35}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ . Results Thecorrelation coefficient was $\mathrm{r}={0.9999}$ over the linear range of 1-30 μg/mL, the recoverieswere 97.2%-99.5%, and the method precision was ${0.54}\%$ . Conclusion The method adoptspotassiun ferrocyanide and zinc acetate precipitation centrifugation,which can rapidly extract the effective components of caffeine in milktea and remove the interference of proteins, shorten the pretreatmenttime, optimize the chromatographic conditions, and accelerate thedetection of caffeine.

, correspAuthors=Yan-Yan WEI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*Wei Yan-Yan,undergraduate, Technologist-in- Charge, Inspector, Chongqing Kaizhou District Disease Control and Prevention Center, Chongqing 405499,China. E-mail:
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目的 建立一种新的奶茶中咖啡因含量的液相色谱法,检测本区速溶奶茶咖啡因含量,提出健康影响建议。 方法 采用waters 高效液相色谱 Symmetry C18 $\left({{5\mu}\mathrm{m}\times {150}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times {4.6}\mathrm{\;{mm}}}\right)$ 柱进行测定,以甲醇水 $\left({{30}+{70}}\right)$ 为流动相,流速为 $1\mathrm{\;{mL}}/\mathrm{{min}}$ ,检测波长 ${272}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ ,柱温为 ${35}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$结果 $1 \sim {30\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 线性范围内,相关系数 $\mathrm{r}={0.9999}$ ,回收率为 97.2%~99.5%,方法精密度 0.54%。结论 该方法采取亚铁氰化钾和乙酸锌沉淀离心,能够迅速提取奶茶中咖啡因有效成分,并能去除蛋白质的干扰, 缩短了前处理时间, 优化了色谱条件,加速了咖啡因的检测。

, correspAuthors=魏艳艳, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*魏艳艳,主管技师,检验员,研究方向为理化检验。E-mail:
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魏艳艳,主管技师,检验员,研究方向为理化检验。

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GB 5009.139-2014 食品安全国家标准 饮料中咖啡因的测定[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2014., articleTitle=GB 5009.139-2014 食品安全国家标准 饮料中咖啡因的测定, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1156967502031967029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156967445866042322, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局. GB/T 21733-2008 茶饮料[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2008., articleTitle=GB/T 21733-2008 茶饮料, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1156967502094881590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156967445866042322, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 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EFSA Journal, 2015, 13(05): 4102., articleTitle=Scientific opinion on the safety of caffeine, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1156967502216516410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156967445866042322, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=109, issue=01, pageStart=585, pageEnd=648, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=WIKOFF D, WELSH BT, HENDERSON R, journalName=Food Chem. Toxicol., refType=null, unstructuredReference= WIKOFF D , WELSH BT , HENDERSON R , et al. Systematic review of the potential adverse effects of caffeine consumption in healthy adults, pregnant women, adolescents, and children[J]. Food Chem. Toxicol., 2017, 109(01): 585-648., articleTitle=Systematic review of the potential adverse effects of caffeine consumption in healthy adults, pregnant women, adolescents, and children, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1156967502279430972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156967445866042322, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=http://news.foodmate.net/2014/09/277898.html, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=欧盟规定能量饮料应突出咖啡因警告标志[EB/OL]. 2014 -09-30)[2024-04-20]. http://news.foodmate.net/2014/09/277898.html., articleTitle=欧盟规定能量饮料应突出咖啡因警告标志, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1156967497078493876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156967445866042322, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1156967497086882485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156967445866042322, companyId=1156967497078493876, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Kaizhou Disease Prevention and Control Center Chongqing 405499 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1156967497091076790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156967445866042322, companyId=1156967497078493876, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=重庆开州区疾病预防控制中心 重庆开州区,重庆 405499)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1156967500240999177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156967445866042322, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Methanol-water (20-80), figureFileSmall=WkXhlgEjqTmAHliOXnG6Vw==, figureFileBig=CNnImkzhrjQwCQuXSOXXYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156967500303913740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156967445866042322, language=CN, label=图 1, caption=甲醇 - 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测定次数 保留时间 咖啡因含量 (μg/mL)
1 4.052 7.254
2 4.052 7.143
3 4.052 7.202
4 4.053 7.186
5 4.052 7.159
6 4.052 7.173
平均值 4.052 7.186
RSD (%) 4.052 0.54
), ArticleFig(id=1156967501058888483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156967445866042322, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=方法的精密度, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测定次数 保留时间 咖啡因含量 (μg/mL)
1 4.052 7.254
2 4.052 7.143
3 4.052 7.202
4 4.053 7.186
5 4.052 7.159
6 4.052 7.173
平均值 4.052 7.186
RSD (%) 4.052 0.54
), ArticleFig(id=1156967501109220132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156967445866042322, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Recovery rate of the method, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物质 本底值 $\left({\mu \mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}}\right)$ 加标量 $\left({\mathrm{{\mu g}}/\mathrm{{mL}}}\right)$ 测定值 $\left({\mu \mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}}\right)$ 平均回收率 (% )
咖啡因 7.186 2.0 9.130 97.2
7.186 8.0 15.042 98.2
7.186 16.0 23.106 99.5
), ArticleFig(id=1156967501163746085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156967445866042322, language=CN, label=表 2, caption=方法的回收率, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物质 本底值 $\left({\mu \mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}}\right)$ 加标量 $\left({\mathrm{{\mu g}}/\mathrm{{mL}}}\right)$ 测定值 $\left({\mu \mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}}\right)$ 平均回收率 (% )
咖啡因 7.186 2.0 9.130 97.2
7.186 8.0 15.042 98.2
7.186 16.0 23.106 99.5
), ArticleFig(id=1156967501214077734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156967445866042322, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=Results for caffeine in instant milk tea, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
口味 A 品牌 咖啡因 (mg/kg) B 品牌 咖啡因 (mg/kg) C 品牌 咖啡因 (mg/kg)
香芋味 1722.41 924.87 1005.46
1683.85 882.06 968.53
1757.72 920.31 916.47
原味 1688.65 1298.44 1502.04
1571.77 1263.04 1488.26
1597.82 1243.02 1438.23
草莓味 1330.09 686.24 784.01
1211.24 728.46 826.70
1247.14 676.31 779.56
麦香味 935.45 841.66 909.30
878.43 897.30 877.94
890.67 862.77 931.55
咖啡味 1278.31 522.74 587.73
1186.47 484.35 630.55
1240.84 475.89 594.33
), ArticleFig(id=1156967501268603687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156967445866042322, language=CN, label=表 3, caption=速溶奶茶中的咖啡因检测结果表, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
口味 A 品牌 咖啡因 (mg/kg) B 品牌 咖啡因 (mg/kg) C 品牌 咖啡因 (mg/kg)
香芋味 1722.41 924.87 1005.46
1683.85 882.06 968.53
1757.72 920.31 916.47
原味 1688.65 1298.44 1502.04
1571.77 1263.04 1488.26
1597.82 1243.02 1438.23
草莓味 1330.09 686.24 784.01
1211.24 728.46 826.70
1247.14 676.31 779.56
麦香味 935.45 841.66 909.30
878.43 897.30 877.94
890.67 862.77 931.55
咖啡味 1278.31 522.74 587.73
1186.47 484.35 630.55
1240.84 475.89 594.33
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液相色谱法检测速溶奶茶中咖啡因含量
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魏艳艳 * , 周亮 , 任波
实验室检测 | 创新应用 2024,2(6): 28-32
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实验室检测 | 创新应用 2024, 2(6): 28-32
液相色谱法检测速溶奶茶中咖啡因含量
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魏艳艳* , 周亮, 任波
作者信息
  • 重庆开州区疾病预防控制中心 重庆开州区,重庆 405499
  • 魏艳艳,主管技师,检验员,研究方向为理化检验。

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*魏艳艳,主管技师,检验员,研究方向为理化检验。E-mail:
Determination of caffeine content in instant milk tea by liquid chromatography
Yan-Yan WEI* , Liang ZHOU, Bo REN
Affiliations
  • Kaizhou Disease Prevention and Control Center Chongqing 405499 China
doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1730-23
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目的 建立一种新的奶茶中咖啡因含量的液相色谱法,检测本区速溶奶茶咖啡因含量,提出健康影响建议。 方法 采用waters 高效液相色谱 Symmetry C18 $\left({{5\mu}\mathrm{m}\times {150}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times {4.6}\mathrm{\;{mm}}}\right)$ 柱进行测定,以甲醇水 $\left({{30}+{70}}\right)$ 为流动相,流速为 $1\mathrm{\;{mL}}/\mathrm{{min}}$ ,检测波长 ${272}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ ,柱温为 ${35}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$结果 $1 \sim {30\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 线性范围内,相关系数 $\mathrm{r}={0.9999}$ ,回收率为 97.2%~99.5%,方法精密度 0.54%。结论 该方法采取亚铁氰化钾和乙酸锌沉淀离心,能够迅速提取奶茶中咖啡因有效成分,并能去除蛋白质的干扰, 缩短了前处理时间, 优化了色谱条件,加速了咖啡因的检测。

高效液相色谱  /  奶茶  /  咖啡因

Objective To establish a new liquid chromatographic methodfor caffeine content in milk tea, to detect the caffeine content ofinstant milk tea in the region, and to make recommendations on healtheffects. Methods The determination was carried out on a Waters highperformance liquid chromatography Symmetry C18 column $\left({{5\mu}\mathrm{m}\times {150}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times {4.6}\mathrm{\;{mm}}}\right)$ ,the mobile phase was methanol-water $\left({{30}+ {70}}\right)$ at a flow rateof $1\mathrm{\;{mL}}/\mathrm{{min}}$ ,the detection wavelength of ${272}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ , and the columntemperature was ${35}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ . Results Thecorrelation coefficient was $\mathrm{r}={0.9999}$ over the linear range of 1-30 μg/mL, the recoverieswere 97.2%-99.5%, and the method precision was ${0.54}\%$ . Conclusion The method adoptspotassiun ferrocyanide and zinc acetate precipitation centrifugation,which can rapidly extract the effective components of caffeine in milktea and remove the interference of proteins, shorten the pretreatmenttime, optimize the chromatographic conditions, and accelerate thedetection of caffeine.

high performance liquid chromatography  /  milk tea  /  caffeine
魏艳艳, 周亮, 任波. 液相色谱法检测速溶奶茶中咖啡因含量. 实验室检测, 2024 , 2 (6) : 28 -32 . DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1730-23
Yan-Yan WEI, Liang ZHOU, Bo REN. Determination of caffeine content in instant milk tea by liquid chromatography[J]. Laboratory Testing, 2024 , 2 (6) : 28 -32 . DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1730-23
咖啡因 $\left({{\mathrm{C}}_{8}{\mathrm{H}}_{10}{\mathrm{\;N}}_{4}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}}\right)$ 作为一种中枢神经系统兴奋剂 [ 1 ] ,入口后可被机体快速吸收。研究表明, 大剂量或长期使用咖啡因可导致 “咖啡因中毒” [ 2 ] ,而戒除或脱瘾会引起头痛等症状, 对人体的急性毒性 [ 3 ] 、对心血管和骨骼 [ 4 - 5 ] 、行为及生殖发育 [ 6 - 7 ] 等方面都有不良影响。
根据《中国居民膳食咖啡因摄入水平及其风险评估( 摘要 )》, 我国成年人咖啡因摄入贡献率由高到低依次为茶叶、茶饮料、 奶茶和咖啡;未成年人则依次为奶茶、茶饮料、茶叶和巧克力 , 因此, 对奶茶中咖啡因含量的深入研究显得尤为重要,现状奶茶中咖啡因的前处理提取方法有直接上机法国家标准中的氧化镁法 ,奶茶中乳含量过高,直接上机、离心提取、国标氧化镁法提取效果不佳,检测时出峰较慢, 所以本研究预优化国标中前处理 - 高效液相色谱测定奶茶中咖啡因含量的检测方法, 建立一种新的奶茶中咖啡因含量的液相色谱法, 检测某地速溶奶茶咖啡因含量, 提出健康影响建议。
高效液相色谱仪 (带光电二极管阵列检测器): e2695 美国 Waters 公司; 色谱柱: Symmetry C18 ( ${5\mu }\mathrm{m}\times {150}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times {4.6}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ) 美国 Waters 公司;离心机:Sorvall ST 16R 美国 Thermo 公司; 移液枪:( ${200\mu }\mathrm{L}$$1\mathrm{\;{mL}}$${10}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ ) 德国 eppendorf 公司; 旋涡混合器: XH-B 型江苏康健医疗有限公司; 电子天平: AE200 瑞士梅特列托利多;超纯水机:Milli-QDirect16 美国Millipore公司; ${0.22\mu }\mathrm{m}$ 微孔水相滤膜: 津腾公司; 甲醇: 色谱纯 Honeywell 公司;乙酸锌:分析纯重庆博艺化学试剂有限公司;亚铁氰化钾: 分析纯汕头市光华化学厂;咖啡因标准品溶液:北京海岸鸿蒙标准物质技术有限公司。
样品主要来源超市。常见 3 个(A、B、C)品牌,每个品牌 5 种不同口味 ( 香芋、原味、草莓味、麦香、咖啡味 ),一个口味 3 个不同生产批号共 45 个样品。
本研究购买的速溶盒装奶茶的食用方法说明大约一袋 ${40}\mathrm{\;g}$ 奶茶粉溶解在 ${200}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 的沸水( ${85}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 以上)中,因此本研究实验每个样品都是通过沸水溶解一袋奶茶粉定容至 ${200}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 来制备。移取 ${2.5}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 制备好的奶茶样品至 ${50}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 的聚丙烯离心管中, 并加入 ${0.5}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 亚铁氰化钾( ${106}\mathrm{\;g}/\mathrm{L}$ )和 ${0.5}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 乙酸锌( ${220}\mathrm{\;g}/\mathrm{L}$ ) 以澄清样品,涡旋混合溶液 $2\mathrm{\;{min}}$ ,用纯水定容至 ${50}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ ,然后 4000 转 / 分的速度将溶液离心 ${10}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ ,用注射器取上清液过 0.22 $\mu \mathrm{m}$ 微孔水相滤膜,滤液上机待测。
色谱柱 $\mathrm{C}{18}\left({{5\mu }\mathrm{m}\times {150}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times {4.6}\mathrm{\;{mm}}}\right)$ , Waters,流动相等度洗脱:甲醇 - 水(30-70)溶液,柱温:35°C,进样量:10μL, 流速:1 mL/min,检测波长:272 nm。
把制备好的样品按 “1.3.2” 色谱条件进样 ${10\mu }\mathrm{L}$ ,保留时间定性,峰面积定量。
方法准确度以加标回收率来判定,精确取出 ${2.5}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 已制备好的已知咖啡因含量的奶茶样品 9 份, 分成 3 组, 每组 3 份,于每组分别加入 ${0.1}\text{、}{0.4}\text{、}{0.8}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 咖啡因标准储备液溶液 $\left({{1000\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}}\right)$ ,加标浓度分别为 $2\text{、}8\text{、}{16\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ ,按“1.3.2” 色谱条件进行检测,记录峰面积,计算回收率。
取某一个奶茶样品按 “1.3.2” 色谱条件、重复进样 6 次, 记录峰面积,计算相对偏差 RSD。
数据统计采用 Excel 2007 计算实验数据。SPSS 27.0 软件进行多因素方差分析, $P <{0.05}$ 为差异有统计学意义。
主要与《食品安全国家标准饮料中咖啡因的测定》(GB 5009.139- 2014 ) 国家标准 比较,国标中前处理方法对含乳的咖啡、茶叶及固体制品,称取 经粉碎低于 30 目的均匀样品, 大批样处理时, 盒装奶茶样品碾磨需要花费大量时间, 直接将全部样品称量溶解至 沸水中,制备成均匀样品, 样品中乳含量较高,用铁氰化钾、乙酸锌沉淀蛋白质,比氧化镁提取时间短、效果好。
${210}\mathrm{\;{nm}}\sim {400}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ 之间对咖啡因标准进行光谱扫描,在 272 nm 处有最大吸收波长。
${15\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 的咖啡因标准溶液分别在 3 种不同比例甲醇 - 水 (20-80)、甲醇 - 水 (24-76)、甲醇 - 水 (30-70) 流动相条件下进样检测, 色谱图见 图 1 -3, 实验结果表明选择流动相甲醇 - 水 ( 30-70 ),咖啡因的峰面积最大、峰型最好、出峰时间最合适。
将流动相的流速分别设置为 ${0.8}\text{、}{1.0}\text{、}{1.2}\mathrm{\;{mL}}/\mathrm{{min}}$ ,进样 ${15\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 的咖啡因标准溶液,实验结果显示,流速为 ${1.0}\mathrm{{mL}}/\mathrm{{min}}$ 时咖啡因的峰面积最大、出峰时间最好。
在选定的流动相、流动相比例、流速的仪器条件下, 再进样 ${15\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 的咖啡因标准溶液,得到咖啡因标准色谱图,见 图 4
按 1.3.2 的方法对标准溶液咖啡因含量测定,绘制标准曲线。 校准曲线见 图 5 ,咖啡因在 $1 -{30\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 范围内,线性回归方程 $\mathrm{y}= {2.51}\times {10}^{4}\mathrm{x}- {1.46}\times {10}^{3}$ ,相关系数 $\mathrm{r}= {0.9999}$ ,精密度为 ${0.54}\%$ ,见 表 1
咖啡因检出限以 3 倍信噪比计算为 ${0.05}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ ,定量限以 10 倍信噪比计算为 ${0.2}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$
对奶茶样品按上述方法进行低、中、高 3 水平加标回收测定, 计算咖啡因的平均回收率, 结果见 表 2 , 咖啡因的平均加标回收率为 97.2%~99.5%,说明此法咖啡因的回收率高。
对不同速溶奶茶的咖啡因进行测定, 结果见 表 3 , 样品色谱图见 图 6
样品中咖啡因的检出率为 100%,奶茶中咖啡因的平均含量 奶茶饮料中咖啡因含量 。
对我区市售速溶奶茶样品进行抽样检测, 对所有样本数据进行多因素方差分析,种类 (处理组间) $F ={770.31}, P <{0.05}$ 具有统计学意义, 可以看出不同品牌的咖啡因含量不同, A 品牌的平均含量为 ${1348.06}\pm {307.16}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ , $\mathrm{B}$ 品牌的平均含量为 847.16±266.27 mg/kg, C 品牌的平均含量为 949.38±301.92 mg/kg。
对我区市售速溶奶茶样品进行抽样检测, 对所有样本数据进行多因素方差分析,口味 (区组间) $F ={497.94}, P <{0.05}$ 具有统计学意义, 可以看出不同口味的奶茶咖啡因含量不同, 香芋味的平均含量为 ${1197.96}\pm {394.47}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ ,原味的平均含量为 ${1454.59}\pm {157.53}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ ,草莓味的平均含量为 ${918.86}\pm {264.02}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ , 麦香味的平均含量为 ${891.68}\pm {30.72}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ ,咖啡味的平均含量为 ${777.91}\pm {347.44}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$
本研究中, 选择高效液相色谱法检测速溶杯装奶茶粉中咖啡因的含量, 具有一定的实践价值与参考意义。样品采取亚铁氰化钾和乙酸锌沉淀离心, 能够迅速提取咖啡因有效成分, 并能去除蛋白质的干扰, 缩短了前处理时间, 优化了色谱条件, 加速了咖啡因的检测。
本次抽样检测我区奶茶中咖啡因的平均含量 , 最高含量 (换算成 杯),不同品牌及不同口味奶茶中咖啡因的含量也有差异, 可能和厂家生产工艺及加工材料有关。目前我国仅对可乐型碳酸饮料有咖啡因含量限值规定,按照《食品安全国家标准 使用限量要求为 ,奶茶一类 规定奶茶饮料中咖啡因含量 ,没有限值规定。参考欧洲食品安全局(EFSA) 认为健康成年人咖啡因的安全摄入量为 ,孕妇安全摄入量为 ,儿童咖啡因安全摄入量为 , 儿童体重按照 计算,安全摄入量为 。根据包装说明杯装奶茶一盒大约 ,奶茶饮料中咖啡因的平均含量计算可知, 健康成年人每天可以饮用速溶杯装奶茶 9 杯, 孕妇每天可以饮用速溶杯装奶茶 7 杯,儿童每天可以饮用速溶杯装奶茶 1 杯, 鉴于推算时采用奶茶中的咖啡因平均含量, 因此奶茶的每日消费量应进一步减少。咖啡因超量的症状可能因人而异, 但常见的表现包括焦虑、烦躁、失眠、心悸、胃部不适、恶心、 呕吐、颤抖、多尿等。如果出现这些症状中的一种或多种,那么可能表明摄入的咖啡因量已经超出了安全范围。除了孕妇和儿童,有心脏病、高血压、睡眠障碍的朋友,能不喝就不喝, 以免加重病情。咖啡因也会增加钙流失, 老年朋友尽量控制咖啡因的摄入量, 以免增加骨质疏松的风险。对于咖啡因特别敏感的朋友,需要格外注意,尽量把每天咖啡因的摄入量减少到最低。
欧盟要求如果一升饮料中咖啡因含量超过 ${150}\mathrm{{mg}}$ ,则需要在标签上标注为高含量咖啡因,且需标注每 ${100}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 中的咖啡因含量 [ 17 ] 。从健康考虑,建议在我国产的杯装速溶奶茶标签参照欧盟标准, 标明每杯奶茶中的咖啡因含量, 消费者根据自己的需求和偏好做出合适的选择, 规避带来的健康风险, 并且建议相关监管部门提升监管力度, 加强公众对此类信息的宣传与教育, 以确保消费者的健康与安全。
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doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1730-23
  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
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    重庆开州区疾病预防控制中心 重庆开州区,重庆 405499

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*魏艳艳,主管技师,检验员,研究方向为理化检验。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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