Article(id=1156967363942900701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1156967360193192910, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753772114977, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753772114977, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753772114977, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753772114977, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156967360193192910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, year='2024', volume='2', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='160', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=0, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1753772114084, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753778008087, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1156992081479689064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1156967360193192910, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1156992081479689065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1156967360193192910, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=29, endPage=32, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156967365092140002, articleId=1156967363942900701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, language=EN, title=Glutathione was determined by resonance scattering quenching method based on Prussian blue ion association reaction, columnId=1156641065621906129, journalTitle=Laboratory Testing, columnName=Innovative Applications, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To explore the determination of trace glutathioneby resonance scattering spectral quenching method and improve thesensitivity of the method. Methods In the pH 3.0 phosphoric acid-boricacid-acetic acid buffer solution (BR buffer), $\mathrm{{Fe}}\left(\mathrm{{III}}\right)$ reacts with ${\mathrm{K}}_{4}\left\lbrack {\mathrm{{Fe}}{\left(\mathrm{{CN}}\right)}_{6}}\right\rbrack$ to form Prussian blue ion associates, and the system exhibits a strongresonance scattering effect at ${337}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ . When glutathione isadded, the sulfhydryl group in glutathione molecules can reduce Fe(III)to Fe(II), causing quenching of the system and weakening the resonancescattering quenching effect. Results The linear regression equation forglutathione within the concentration range of 0.010 to ${2.0\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ is ${\Delta l}= {299.77\rho }+{774.52}$ , with an ${r}^{2}$ of 0.9929 and a detection limit of ${0.0024\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ . Conclusion This method is simple and highly sensitive, and satisfactoryresults are obtained when used for the determination of glutathione indrugs.

, correspAuthors=Hui-Xiang OUYANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*OUYANG Hui-Xiang, Ph.D, Professor, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Baise University, Baise 33000, China. E-mail:
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目的 通过共振散射光谱法探索共振散射光谱猝灭法测定痕量谷胱甘肽,以提高方法的灵敏度。方法$\mathrm{{pH}}$ 为 3.0 的磷酸 -硼酸 - 醋酸缓冲溶液 ( $\mathrm{{BR}}$ 缓冲溶) 中, $\mathrm{{Fe}}\left(\mathrm{{II}}\right)$${\mathrm{K}}_{4}\left\lbrack {\mathrm{{Fe}}{\left(\mathrm{{CN}}\right)}_{6}}\right\rbrack$ 反应生成普鲁士蓝离子缔合物,测得体系在 ${337}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ 处有较强共振散射效应,当加入谷胱甘肽后,谷胱甘肽分子中的巯基可还原 $\mathrm{{Fe}}\left(\mathrm{{III}}\right)$$\mathrm{{Fe}}\left(\mathrm{{II}}\right)$ ,使体系发生猝灭,导致体系共振散射猝灭效应减弱。结果 谷胱甘在浓度 0.010~2.0μg/mL 范围内,线性回归方程为 ${\Delta I}={299.77\rho }+ {774.52},{r}^{2}$ 为 0.9929,检出限为 ${0.0024\mu}\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$结论 该法操作简便,灵敏度高,用于药物中的谷胱甘肽的测定,得到满意的结果。

, correspAuthors=欧阳辉祥, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*欧阳辉祥,博士,教授,主要研究方向:环境分析。E-mail:
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左卫元,博士,副教授,研究方向:环境水分析与处理。

欧阳辉祥,博士,教授,主要研究方向:环境分析。

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左卫元,博士,副教授,研究方向:环境水分析与处理。

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干扰离子 ${\mathrm{{Na}}}^{+ }$ ${\mathrm{{Mg}}}^{2 +}$ ${\mathrm{K}}^{+ }$ ${\mathrm{{NH}}}^{4 +}$ ${\mathrm{{SO}}}_{4}{}^{2 -}$ ${\mathrm{{CO}}}_{3}{}^{2 -}$ Cl ${\mathrm{{Al}}}^{3 +}$ ${\mathrm{{NO}}}^{3 -}$
测定倍数 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 20 20
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干扰离子 ${\mathrm{{Na}}}^{+ }$ ${\mathrm{{Mg}}}^{2 +}$ ${\mathrm{K}}^{+ }$ ${\mathrm{{NH}}}^{4 +}$ ${\mathrm{{SO}}}_{4}{}^{2 -}$ ${\mathrm{{CO}}}_{3}{}^{2 -}$ Cl ${\mathrm{{Al}}}^{3 +}$ ${\mathrm{{NO}}}^{3 -}$
测定倍数 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 20 20
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本底值 (μg/mL) 平均值 (μg/mL) RSD(%) 加标值 (μg/mL) 总测定值 (μg/mL) 回收率 (%) 样品浓度 (μg/mL)
0.976
0.936 0.50 1.453 95.6
1.069 0.975 5.5 1.00
1.056 1.00 1.870 89.5
1.012
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本底值 (μg/mL) 平均值 (μg/mL) RSD(%) 加标值 (μg/mL) 总测定值 (μg/mL) 回收率 (%) 样品浓度 (μg/mL)
0.976
0.936 0.50 1.453 95.6
1.069 0.975 5.5 1.00
1.056 1.00 1.870 89.5
1.012
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基于普鲁士蓝离子缔合物反应共振散射猝灭法检测谷胱甘肽
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左卫元 1, 2 , 陈盛余 1, 2 , 林继锦 1, 2 , 欧阳辉祥 1, *
实验室检测 | 创新应用 2024,2(8): 29-32
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实验室检测 | 创新应用 2024, 2(8): 29-32
基于普鲁士蓝离子缔合物反应共振散射猝灭法检测谷胱甘肽
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左卫元1, 2, 陈盛余1, 2, 林继锦1, 2, 欧阳辉祥1, *
作者信息
  • 1 百色学院 化学与环境工程学院 百色 533000
  • 2 桂西区域生态环境分析和污染控制实验室 百色 533000
  • 左卫元,博士,副教授,研究方向:环境水分析与处理。

    欧阳辉祥,博士,教授,主要研究方向:环境分析。

通讯作者:

*欧阳辉祥,博士,教授,主要研究方向:环境分析。E-mail:
Glutathione was determined by resonance scattering quenching method based on Prussian blue ion association reaction
Wei-Yuan ZUO1, 2, Sheng-Yu CHEN1, 2, Ji-Jin LIN1, 2, Hui-Xiang OUYANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Laboratory of Eco-Environment Analysis and Pollution Control in Western Guangxi Baise 533000 China
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目的 通过共振散射光谱法探索共振散射光谱猝灭法测定痕量谷胱甘肽,以提高方法的灵敏度。方法$\mathrm{{pH}}$ 为 3.0 的磷酸 -硼酸 - 醋酸缓冲溶液 ( $\mathrm{{BR}}$ 缓冲溶) 中, $\mathrm{{Fe}}\left(\mathrm{{II}}\right)$${\mathrm{K}}_{4}\left\lbrack {\mathrm{{Fe}}{\left(\mathrm{{CN}}\right)}_{6}}\right\rbrack$ 反应生成普鲁士蓝离子缔合物,测得体系在 ${337}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ 处有较强共振散射效应,当加入谷胱甘肽后,谷胱甘肽分子中的巯基可还原 $\mathrm{{Fe}}\left(\mathrm{{III}}\right)$$\mathrm{{Fe}}\left(\mathrm{{II}}\right)$ ,使体系发生猝灭,导致体系共振散射猝灭效应减弱。结果 谷胱甘在浓度 0.010~2.0μg/mL 范围内,线性回归方程为 ${\Delta I}={299.77\rho }+ {774.52},{r}^{2}$ 为 0.9929,检出限为 ${0.0024\mu}\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$结论 该法操作简便,灵敏度高,用于药物中的谷胱甘肽的测定,得到满意的结果。

谷胱甘肽  /  共振散射猝灭法  /  普鲁士蓝离子缔合物

Objective To explore the determination of trace glutathioneby resonance scattering spectral quenching method and improve thesensitivity of the method. Methods In the pH 3.0 phosphoric acid-boricacid-acetic acid buffer solution (BR buffer), $\mathrm{{Fe}}\left(\mathrm{{III}}\right)$ reacts with ${\mathrm{K}}_{4}\left\lbrack {\mathrm{{Fe}}{\left(\mathrm{{CN}}\right)}_{6}}\right\rbrack$ to form Prussian blue ion associates, and the system exhibits a strongresonance scattering effect at ${337}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ . When glutathione isadded, the sulfhydryl group in glutathione molecules can reduce Fe(III)to Fe(II), causing quenching of the system and weakening the resonancescattering quenching effect. Results The linear regression equation forglutathione within the concentration range of 0.010 to ${2.0\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ is ${\Delta l}= {299.77\rho }+{774.52}$ , with an ${r}^{2}$ of 0.9929 and a detection limit of ${0.0024\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ . Conclusion This method is simple and highly sensitive, and satisfactoryresults are obtained when used for the determination of glutathione indrugs.

glutathione  /  resonance scattering quenching method  /  Prussian blue ion associates
左卫元, 陈盛余, 林继锦, 欧阳辉祥. 基于普鲁士蓝离子缔合物反应共振散射猝灭法检测谷胱甘肽. 实验室检测, 2024 , 2 (8) : 29 -32 .
Wei-Yuan ZUO, Sheng-Yu CHEN, Ji-Jin LIN, Hui-Xiang OUYANG. Glutathione was determined by resonance scattering quenching method based on Prussian blue ion association reaction[J]. Laboratory Testing, 2024 , 2 (8) : 29 -32 .
谷胱甘肽(Glutathione, GSH)是由谷氨酸、半胱氨酸和甘氨酸通过肽键脱水缩合形成的三肽化合物 [ 1 ] ,具有特殊的抗氧化性能 [ 2 ] ,常用于预防抗肿瘤和放射治疗过程中可能产生的不良反应 [ 3 - 5 ] ,或作为食品添加剂时,用于延长肉类和水果的保质期的作用 [ 6 ]
目前,针对 $\mathrm{{GSH}}$ 的定量检测方法包括紫外光光度法 [ 7 ] 、荧光光度法 [ 8 - 9 ] 、高压液相色谱法 [ 10 ] 、毛细管电泳法 [ 11 ] 和电化学法 [ 12 - 13 ] 。但现有的方法中,有些受样品本身和杂质颜色影响对测定结果产生影响; 有些方法操作时间长, 样品的稳定性影响方法的重现性。
共振散射光谱法是一种基于物质在共振条件下发生散射而产生的光信号变化进行分析的方法 [ 14 ] 。我们课题组在共振散射光谱方面做了大量的工作, 用 RRS 法构建了水胺硫膦等多种环境污染物 [ 15 - 17 ] 的检测方法,这些方法灵敏、快速,取得了较好的效果。
众所周知, $\mathrm{{Fe}}\left(\mathrm{{III}}\right)$${\mathrm{K}}_{4}\left\lbrack {\mathrm{{Fe}}{\left(\mathrm{{CN}}\right)}_{6}}\right\rbrack$ 反应形成了普鲁士蓝离子缔合物, 导致体系有较强的共振散射效应。当用谷胱甘肽对 $\mathrm{{Fe}}\left(\mathrm{{III}}\right)$ 进行还原,会破坏缔合物的生成,从而导致体系共振散射效应猝灭, 以此建立共振散射猝灭法检测微量谷胱甘肽, 提高检测方法的灵敏度。
荧光分光光度计 F-7000 (日本日立公司)、去离子水制机 TST-UPB-20 (石家庄泰斯特仪器设备有限公司)、分析天平 SQP (赛多利斯科学仪器有限公司)、数控超声波清洗器KG-200KDB (江苏昆山市超声波仪器有限公司)
${1\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 谷胱甘肽溶液(分析纯,上海克林生化科技股份有限公司)(使用时逐级稀释)、0.1 mol/L 亚铁氰化钾溶液(分析纯, 成都金山化学试剂有限公司)、0.05 mol/L 三氯化铁溶液(分析纯, 福州涵标科技有限公司)、冰乙酸(分析纯,天津市福晨化学试剂厂)、磷酸 (分析纯, 天津市大茂化学试剂厂)、硼酸 (分析纯, 天津市大茂化学试剂厂)、氢氧化钠(分析纯,广州广华科技股份有限公司),实验用水均为去离子水。
GSH 储备液: 称量 ${1.00}\mathrm{\;g}\mathrm{{GSH}}$ 加入到 ${100}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 容量瓶中, 加适量的超纯水定容至刻度,浓度为 ${10}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{mL}};{\mathrm{K}}_{4}\left\lbrack {\mathrm{{Fe}}{\left(\mathrm{{CN}}\right)}_{6}}\right\rbrack$ 储备液的配制:称量 ${36.83}\mathrm{\;g}{\mathrm{\;K}}_{4}\left\lbrack {\mathrm{{Fe}}{\left(\mathrm{{CN}}\right)}_{6}}\right\rbrack$${100}\mathrm{\;{ml}}$ 容量瓶中, 加适量的超纯水定容至刻度线,浓度为 ${0.1}\mathrm{{mol}}/\mathrm{L};\mathrm{{BR}}$ 缓冲母液储备液的配制: 在 ${100}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 容量瓶中,加入相同比例混合浓度为 ${0.04}\mathrm{\;{mol}}/\mathrm{L}$ 的硼酸、冰乙酸和磷酸; $\mathrm{{BR}}$ 缓冲溶液工作液: 用浓度为 ${0.2}\mathrm{\;{mol}}/\mathrm{L}$$\mathrm{{NaOH}}$ 溶液加入到缓冲母液中,调配出不同 $\mathrm{{pH}}$ 值的 $\mathrm{{BR}}$ 工作液。
$5\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 的比色管中,加入 ${300\mu }\mathrm{L}\mathrm{{pH}}$ 为 3.0 的 $\mathrm{{BR}}$ 缓冲液, ${400\mu }\mathrm{L}{1.00}\mathrm{{mmol}}/\mathrm{L}$${\mathrm{{FeCl}}}_{3}$ 溶液,混匀之后加入适量的 $\mathrm{{GSH}}$ 溶液, ${300\mu }\mathrm{L}{1.00}\mathrm{{mmol}}/\mathrm{L}$${\mathrm{K}}_{4}\left\lbrack {\mathrm{{Fe}}{\left(\mathrm{{CN}}\right)}_{6}}\right\rbrack$ 溶液,最后加入超纯水至 $3\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 刻度线。静置 25 分钟后,设置荧光分光光度计为同步扫描、激发光和发射光的孔宽为 ${5.0}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ 和电压为 ${380}\mathrm{\;V}$ ,在 ${337}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ 波长处得到最高峰,从而计算共振散射光谱图中的 ${\Delta I}$$\left({{\Delta I}= {I}_{0}- I}\right)$ ,其中 ${I}_{0}$ 为空白组数值, $I$ 为对照组数值。
$\mathrm{{pH}}{3.0}$$\mathrm{{BR}}$ 缓冲溶液中, ${\mathrm{{FeCl}}}_{3}$${\mathrm{K}}_{4}\left\lbrack {\mathrm{{Fe}}{\left(\mathrm{{CN}}\right)}_{6}}\right\rbrack$ 反应生成普鲁士蓝离子缔合物 (式 1), 体系共振散射峰有较强的共振散射效应 (如 图 1 中 a),而谷胱甘肽中的巯基(一SH)会使Fe ${}^{3 +}$ 还原成Fe ${}^{2 +}$ ,从而减少了缔合物的生成,使得体系共振散射猝灭效应减弱 (如 图 1 中 b)。
$ 4{\mathrm{{FeCl}}}_{3}+ 3{\mathrm{\;K}}_{4}\left\lbrack {\mathrm{{Fe}}{\left(\mathrm{{CN}}\right)}_{6}}\right\rbrack =\mathrm{{Fe}}{\left\lbrack \mathrm{{Fe}}{\left(\mathrm{{CN}}\right)}_{6}\right\rbrack }_{3}\downarrow +{12}\mathrm{{KCl}}$
$\mathrm{{pH}}{3.0}\mathrm{{BR}}$ 缓冲溶液中加入 ${\mathrm{{FeCl}}}_{3}$${\mathrm{K}}_{4}\left\lbrack {\mathrm{{Fe}}{\left(\mathrm{{CN}}\right)}_{6}}\right\rbrack$ 后,充分反应后生成 ${\mathrm{{Fe}}}_{4}{\left\lbrack \mathrm{{Fe}}{\left(\mathrm{{CN}}\right)}_{6}\right\rbrack }_{3}$ 缔合物,形成固液界面,这致使 ${\mathrm{{FeCl}}}_{3}- {\mathrm{K}}_{4}\left\lbrack {\mathrm{{Fe}}{\left(\mathrm{{CN}}\right)}_{6}}\right\rbrack$ 体系表现出较强的共振散射效应,而且共振散射峰在 ${337}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ 处表现明显,如 图 3 中的曲线 $\mathrm{a}$ 所示。当加入谷胱甘肽浓度时,谷胱甘肽将 $\mathrm{{Fe}}$ (III) 还原为 $\mathrm{{Fe}}$ (II),致使 ${\mathrm{{Fe}}}_{4}{\left\lbrack \mathrm{{Fe}}{\left(\mathrm{{CN}}\right)}_{6}\right\rbrack }_{3}$ 缔合物生成减少,体系共振散射峰的强度减小, 并且随着谷胱甘肽浓度增大时,体系共振散射强度在 ${337}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ 处呈线性降低,如 图 2 中曲线 $\left({\mathrm{a}\rightarrow \mathrm{g}}\right)$ 所示,因此实验选择 ${337}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ 处进行波长检测。
${300\mu }\mathrm{{LBR}}$ 缓冲溶液 $\left({\mathrm{{pH}}= {3.0}}\right)+$
${400\mu }\mathrm{L}{1.00}\mathrm{{mmol}}/\mathrm{L}{\mathrm{{FeCl}}}_{3}+$ ${300\mu }\mathrm{{LGSH}}+$ ${300\mu }\mathrm{L}{1.00}\mathrm{{mmol}}/\mathrm{L}$ ${\mathrm{K}}_{4}\left\lbrack {\mathrm{{Fe}}{\left(\mathrm{{CN}}\right)}_{6}}\right\rbrack$ , ${25}\mathrm{\;{min}}\mathrm{{GSH}}: \mathrm{a}= {0\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ ; $\mathrm{b}= {0.01\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}};\mathrm{c}= {0.10\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ ; $\mathrm{d}= {0.50\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}};\mathrm{e}= {1.0\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ ; $\mathrm{f}= {1.5\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}};\mathrm{g}= {2.0\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$
Fig. 2 Resonance scattering spectrum
实验研究了体系共振散射强度与 $\mathrm{{BR}}$ 缓冲溶液 $\mathrm{{pH}}$ 值和用量的关系,如 图 3图 4 。实验中测定了体系在不同 $\mathrm{{pH}}({2.0}\text{、}{2.5}$ 、 3.0、3.5、4.0)条件下的 $\Delta \mathrm{I}$ 值,根据实验结果在 $\mathrm{{pH}}= {3.0}$ 的条件下,体系的 $\Delta \mathrm{I}$ 值较大; 而 $\mathrm{{pH}}$ 过低时缔合物易分解,减少与铁离子成为配合物的机会, 导致共振散射猝灭效应减弱, 所以选择 $\mathrm{{BR}}$ 缓冲溶液在 $\mathrm{{pH}}$ 为 3.0 时进行进一步实验。此外,根据实验结果, BR缓冲溶液使用量为 ${50}\sim {300\mu }\mathrm{L}$ 时, $\Delta \mathrm{I}$ 趋于上升趋势, 且用量超过 ${300\mu }\mathrm{L}$ 时,过多的氢离子会水解亚铁氰化钾,减少体系生成缔合物,从而使 $\Delta \mathrm{I}$ 呈现下降趋势。因此,实验选择使用 ${300\mu }\mathrm{L}$$\mathrm{{pH}}$ 为3.0的 $\mathrm{{BR}}$ 缓冲溶液作为最优条件。
BR 缓冲溶液 $\left({\mathrm{{pH}}= {3.0}}\right)+$ ${300\mu }\mathrm{L}{1.00}\mathrm{{mmol}}/\mathrm{L}{\mathrm{{FeCl}}}_{3}+$ ${300\mu }\mathrm{L}\mathrm{{GSH}}+$ ${300\mu }\mathrm{L}{1.00}\mathrm{{mmol}}/\mathrm{L}$ ${\mathrm{K}}_{4}\left\lbrack {\mathrm{{Fe}}{\left(\mathrm{{CN}}\right)}_{6}}\right\rbrack ,{15}\mathrm{\;{min}}$
${\mathrm{{FeCl}}}_{3}$ 的浓度对普鲁士蓝共振散射结果表明,在一定范围内, 随着 ${\mathrm{{FeCl}}}_{3}$ 用量的增大,生成的 ${\mathrm{{Fe}}}_{4}{\left\lbrack \mathrm{{Fe}}{\left(\mathrm{{CN}}\right)}_{6}\right\rbrack }_{3}$ 也会增多,溶液颜色逐渐变深蓝,体系中 ${\Delta I}$ 也增大。当 ${\mathrm{{FeCl}}}_{3}$ 体积小于 ${400\mu }\mathrm{L}$ 时,Fe ${}^{3 +}$ 的浓度不能与体系中的 ${\left\lbrack \mathrm{{Fe}}{\left(\mathrm{{CN}}\right)}_{6}\right\rbrack }^{4 -}$ 反应完全,而当 ${\mathrm{{FeCl}}}_{3}$ 体积为 ${400\mu }\mathrm{L}$ 时, ${\Delta I}$ 达到最大值。若 ${\mathrm{{FeCl}}}_{3}$ 体积超过 ${400\mu }\mathrm{L}$ 时,Fe ${}^{3 +}$ 浓度高会吸收共振散射强度,降低 ${\Delta I}$ ,如 图 5 。因此选用 ${\mathrm{{FeCl}}}_{3}$ 用量为 ${400\mu }\mathrm{L}$ ,体系浓度为 ${0.04}\mathrm{{mmol}}/\mathrm{L}$
实验表明, ${\mathrm{K}}_{4}\left\lbrack {\mathrm{{Fe}}{\left(\mathrm{{CN}}\right)}_{6}}\right\rbrack$ 的浓度对 ${\Delta I}$ 产生明显的影响。在一定范围内,随着 ${\mathrm{K}}_{4}\left\lbrack {\mathrm{{Fe}}{\left(\mathrm{{CN}}\right)}_{6}}\right\rbrack$ 用量的增加,生成的 ${\mathrm{{Fe}}}_{4}{\left\lbrack \mathrm{{Fe}}{\left(\mathrm{{CN}}\right)}_{6}\right\rbrack }_{3}$ 也增多, ${\Delta I}$ 呈现增大的趋势。当 ${\mathrm{K}}_{4}\left\lbrack {\mathrm{{Fe}}{\left(\mathrm{{CN}}\right)}_{6}}\right\rbrack$ 加入 ${300\mu }\mathrm{L}$ 时, 反应进行完全, ${\Delta I}$ 达到最大值,再增大 ${\mathrm{K}}_{4}\left\lbrack {\mathrm{{Fe}}{\left(\mathrm{{CN}}\right)}_{6}}\right\rbrack$ 用量时, ${\left\lbrack \mathrm{{Fe}}{\left(\mathrm{{CN}}\right)}_{6}\right\rbrack }^{4 -}$ 浓度过高会吸收共振散射光强度,使 ${\Delta I}$ 下降,如 图 6 , 故选择 ${300\mu }\mathrm{L}$ 作为 ${\mathrm{K}}_{4}\left\lbrack {\mathrm{{Fe}}{\left(\mathrm{{CN}}\right)}_{6}}\right\rbrack$ 用量,体系浓度为 ${0.03}\mathrm{{mmol}}/\mathrm{L}$
${300\mu }\mathrm{L}\mathrm{{BR}}$ 缓冲溶液 $\left({\mathrm{{pH}}= {3.0}}\right)+$ ${400\mu }\mathrm{L}{1.00}\mathrm{{mmol}}/\mathrm{L}{\mathrm{{FeCl}}}_{3}+$ ${300\mu }\mathrm{L}\mathrm{{GSH}}+ {1.00}\mathrm{{mmol}}/\mathrm{L}$ ${\mathrm{K}}_{4}\left\lbrack {\mathrm{{Fe}}{\left(\mathrm{{CN}}\right)}_{6}}\right\rbrack ,{15}\mathrm{\;{min}}$
经过考察发现,随着反应时间 (20 min 内) 的增加,体系 ${\Delta I}$ 逐渐上升,这表明反应尚未完全转化。当反应时间达到 ${25}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ 时,形成了固液界面, ${\Delta I}$ 达到最高值,而随后 ${\Delta I}$ 逐渐减小, 这表明反应在 ${25}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ 已经完全进行,如 图 7 。因此实验选择在溶液混合后静置 ${25}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ 后进行测定。
在优化实验条件的情况下,分别测量 ${300\mu }\mathrm{L}{0.01}\text{、}{0.10}\text{、}{0.50}$${1.0}\text{、}{1.5}\text{、}{2.0\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 的谷胱甘肽标准溶液,得出体系的 $\mathrm{I}$ 值,再计算 ${\Delta I}$ 。在作图过程中以 ${\Delta I}$ 为纵坐标,谷胱甘肽的浓度为横坐标,绘制谷胱甘肽标准工作曲线,如 图 9 。在 ${0.010}\sim {2.0\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 范围内, GSH 的浓度 $\rho \left({\mu \mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}}\right)$ 与共振散射强度 ${\Delta I}$ 呈现出良好的线性关系,并且线性回归方程为 ${\Delta I}= {299.77\rho }+ {774.52},{r}^{2}$ 为 0.9929, 检出限为 ${0.0024\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$
${300\mu }\mathrm{L}\mathrm{{BR}}$ 缓冲溶液 $\left({\mathrm{{pH}}= {3.0}}\right)+$ ${400\mu }\mathrm{L}{1.00}\mathrm{{mmol}}/\mathrm{L}{\mathrm{{FeCl}}}_{3}+$ ${300\mu }\mathrm{L}\mathrm{{GSH}}+ {300\mu }\mathrm{L}{1.00}\mathrm{{mmol}}/\mathrm{L}$ ${\mathrm{K}}_{4}\left\lbrack {\mathrm{{Fe}}{\left(\mathrm{{CN}}\right)}_{6}}\right\rbrack$
在优化实验条件下选择了 ${1.0\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 的 GSH 浓度,并分析了一系列常见共存物质的物质对测定 $\mathrm{{GSH}}$ 的影响。实验数据结果显示,在相对误差 $\pm 5\%$ 范围内,400倍的Na ${}^{+ }\text{、}{\mathrm{{Mg}}}^{2 +}\text{、}{\mathrm{K}}^{+ }$ 、NH ${}^{4 +}$${\mathrm{{SO}}}_{4}{}^{2 -}$${\mathrm{{CO}}}_{3}{}^{2 -}$ 、Cl ${}^{- }$ ; 20 倍的Al ${}^{3 +}$${\mathrm{{NO}}}_{3}{}^{- }$ 不会影响实验结果。 铜离子、镍离子和锌离子会影响实验结果。
将市场购买的某品牌药片精密称量 ${75.0}\mathrm{{mg}}$ 后 (含 ${50.0}\mathrm{{mg}}$ 谷胱甘肽),将其研磨后加入到 ${100}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 容量瓶中加超纯水定容, 过滤并取出 ${1.00}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 的滤液稀释至 ${100}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 容量瓶中。按上述 1.4 实验方法采用标准加入法, 将谷胱甘肽标准液溶等量加入不同浓度的样品溶液,样品的回收率在 89.5%~95.6% 之间 ( 表 2 )。
普鲁士蓝离子缔合物的生成引起体系有强烈的共振散射信号, 我们利用谷胱甘肽分子中含有巯基且还原性, 将体系中的 $\mathrm{{Fe}}\left(\mathrm{{III}}\right)$ 还原为 $\mathrm{{Fe}}\left(\mathrm{{II}}\right)$ ,减少了普鲁士蓝的生成,从而减弱了共振散射信号。在优化实验的情况下, 测得谷胱甘肽线性回归方程为 ${\Delta I}= {299.77\rho }+ {774.52},{r}^{2}$ 为 0.9929,检测限为 ${0.0024\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 。 这一方法简单易行、仪器简单, 并具有较高的灵敏度, 适用于测定谷胱甘肽的含量。此方法也可以应用于一些氧化还原反应破坏能生成具有共振散射信号的缔合物的反应, 使体系产生或猝灭共振散射光谱强度, 用以建立分析检测方法。
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2024年第2卷第8期
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    1 百色学院 化学与环境工程学院 百色 533000
    2 桂西区域生态环境分析和污染控制实验室 百色 533000

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*欧阳辉祥,博士,教授,主要研究方向:环境分析。E-mail:
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
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