Article(id=1156967361887686658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1156967360193192910, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753772114488, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753772114488, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753772114488, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753772114488, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156967360193192910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, year='2024', volume='2', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='160', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=0, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1753772114084, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753778008087, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1156992081479689064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1156967360193192910, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1156992081479689065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1156967360193192910, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=18, endPage=20, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156967364160999452, articleId=1156967361887686658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, language=EN, title=Indoor toxicity determination and resistance study of fludioxonil against pathogenic fungi of strawberry gray mold, columnId=1156641065621906129, journalTitle=Laboratory Testing, columnName=Innovative Applications, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective Gray mold is an important disease in thestrawberry production process, which seriously affects its yield andquality. This article aims to study the resistance of gray moldpathogens in different strawberry production areas in Zhejiang Provinceto fludioxonil, in order to clarify the current use status and futuremedication strategies of this fungicide. Methods This article uses themycelial growth rate method to conduct indoor toxicity testing on 184strains isolated from strawberry gray mold disease samples in 7 regionsof Zhejiang Province, in order to determine their sensitivity tofludioxonitril and count the frequency of occurrence of resistant andsensitive strains. Results The results showed that the strawberry graymold strain in Quzhou area had the highest sensitivity to fludioxonil,with an average ${\mathrm{{EC}}}_{50}$ value of ${0.014\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ ,while the strawberry gray mold strain in Huzhou area had the lowestsensitivity to fludioxonil, with an average ${\mathrm{{EC}}}_{50}$ value of ${0.032\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ and asensitivity baseline of ${0.018\mu}\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ and the sensitive baseline value forthe whole province is ${0.018\mu}\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ . Conclusion At present, a few lowresistant strains have appeared in the Zhejiang region, indicating thatthe strawberry gray mold fungus has developed certain resistance tofludioxonitril. The sensitivity baseline value has increased compared toprevious research results, but the overall level of drug resistance isstill controllable.

, correspAuthors=Yi-Ming ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*ZHANG Yi-Ming, Master, Lecturer, Full-Time Teacher, 299 Xuefu Road, Huzhou 313099, China. E-mail:
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目的 灰霉病是草莓生产过程中的一种重要病害,严重影响了其产量和品质,本文旨在研究浙江不同草莓产区的灰霉病病原菌对咯菌腈的抗性程度,以阐明该药目前使用状况及今后的用药策略。方法 本文运用菌丝生长速率法对从浙江 7 个地区草莓灰霉病病样中分离出的 184个菌株进行室内毒力测定,以测定其对咯菌腈的敏感性,并统计抗性菌株和敏感菌株的出现频率。结果 结果显示,衢州地区的草莓灰霉病菌株对咯菌腈的敏感性最高,平均 ${\mathrm{{EC}}}_{50}$ 值为 ${0.014\mu}\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ ,而湖州地区的草莓灰霉病菌株对咯菌腈的敏感性相对最低,平均 ${\mathrm{{EC}}}_{50}$ 值为 ${0.032\mu}\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ ,敏感基线为 ${0.018\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$结论 目前浙江地区已出现个别低抗菌株,表明草莓灰霉病菌对咯菌腈产生了一定抗性,敏感基线值相较于先前研究结果相比有所提高,但整体层面产生的抗药性依然可控。

, correspAuthors=章一鸣, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*章一鸣,硕士,讲师,专任教师,研究方向为植物病理学。E-mail:
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章一鸣,硕士,讲师,专任教师,研究方向为植物病理学。

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章一鸣,硕士,讲师,专任教师,研究方向为植物病理学。

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章一鸣,硕士,讲师,专任教师,研究方向为植物病理学。

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Genetic analysis of resistance to the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil and the dicarboximide vinclozolin in Botryotinia fuckeliana (Botrytis cinerea)[J]. Mycol Res, 2001, 106(03): 329-335., articleTitle=Genetic analysis of resistance to the phenylpyrrole fludioxonil and the dicarboximide vinclozolin in Botryotinia fuckeliana (Botrytis cinerea), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1156967369659732073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156967361887686658, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=100, issue=08, pageStart=1779, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=FERNANDEZ-ORTUNO D, TORES JA, PEREZ-GARCIA A, journalName=Plant Dis, refType=null, unstructuredReference= FERNANDEZ-ORTUNO D , TORES JA , PEREZ-GARCIA A , et al. First Report of Fludioxonil Resistance in Botrytis cinerea, the Causal Agent of Gray Mold, From Strawberry Fields in Spain[J]. Plant Dis, 2016, 100(08): 1779 ., articleTitle=First Report of Fludioxonil Resistance in Botrytis cinerea, the Causal Agent of Gray Mold, From Strawberry Fields in Spain, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1156967369752006762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156967361887686658, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=98, issue=06, pageStart=848, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=FERNANDEZ-ORTUNO D, GRABKE A, BRYSON P K, journalName=Plant Dis, refType=null, unstructuredReference= FERNANDEZ-ORTUNO D , GRABKE A , BRYSON P K , et al. First Report of Fludioxonil Resistance in Botrytis cinerea from a Blackberry Field in Georgia[J]. Plant Dis, 2014, 98(06): 848 ., articleTitle=First Report of Fludioxonil Resistance in Botrytis cinerea from a Blackberry Field in Georgia, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1156967369852670059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156967361887686658, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=97, issue=06, pageStart=848, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=FERNANDEZ-ORTUNO D, BRYSON P K, GRABKE A, journalName=Plant Dis, refType=null, unstructuredReference= FERNANDEZ-ORTUNO D , BRYSON P K , GRABKE A , et al. First Report of Fludioxonil Resistance in Botrytis cinerea from a Strawberry Field in Virginia[J]. 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采样地区 供试菌株数量 ${\mathrm{{EC}}}_{50}\left({\mathrm{{\mu g}}/\mathrm{{mL}}}\right)$
范围 均值
杭州 28 0.002~0.136 ${0.029}\pm {0.029}^{\mathrm{{ab}}}$
湖州 33 0.005 ~0.138 ${0.032}\pm {0.036}^{\mathrm{a}}$
嘉兴 24 0.011~0.145 ${0.031}\pm {0.030}^{\mathrm{a}}$
温州 29 0.005 ~0.069 ${0.022}\pm {0.004}^{\mathrm{{at}}}$
台州 27 0.003 ~0.068 ${0.018}\pm {0.017}{}^{\mathrm{{ab}}}$
衢州 23 0.003 ~0.027 ${0.014}\pm {0.007}^{\mathrm{b}}$
丽水 20 0.005 ~0.158 ${0.026}\pm {0.034}^{\mathrm{{ab}}}$
总计 184 0.002~0.158 0.018 (第一主峰均值)
), ArticleFig(id=1156967368850231387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156967361887686658, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=不同采集地灰霉菌菌株对咯菌腈室内毒力测定结果, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
采样地区 供试菌株数量 ${\mathrm{{EC}}}_{50}\left({\mathrm{{\mu g}}/\mathrm{{mL}}}\right)$
范围 均值
杭州 28 0.002~0.136 ${0.029}\pm {0.029}^{\mathrm{{ab}}}$
湖州 33 0.005 ~0.138 ${0.032}\pm {0.036}^{\mathrm{a}}$
嘉兴 24 0.011~0.145 ${0.031}\pm {0.030}^{\mathrm{a}}$
温州 29 0.005 ~0.069 ${0.022}\pm {0.004}^{\mathrm{{at}}}$
台州 27 0.003 ~0.068 ${0.018}\pm {0.017}{}^{\mathrm{{ab}}}$
衢州 23 0.003 ~0.027 ${0.014}\pm {0.007}^{\mathrm{b}}$
丽水 20 0.005 ~0.158 ${0.026}\pm {0.034}^{\mathrm{{ab}}}$
总计 184 0.002~0.158 0.018 (第一主峰均值)
), ArticleFig(id=1156967368908951644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156967361887686658, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Determination results of resistance frequency and multiple of Botrytis cinerea strains to fludioxonil in different collection sites, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
采样 区域 菌株 不同抗性程度的菌株数量 不同抗性程度的菌株占比(%) 抗性频率(%) 抗性倍数
数量(株) S LR MR HR S LR MR HR
杭州 28 27 1 0 0 96.43 3.57 0 0 3.57 0.111-7.556
湖州 33 30 3 0 0 91.00 9.00 0 0 9.00 0.278-7.667
嘉兴 24 23 1 0 0 95.83 4.17 0 0 4.17 0.611-8.056
温州 29 29 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0.00 0.278-3.833
台州 27 27 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0.00 0.167-3.778
衢州 23 23 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0.00 0.167-1.500
丽水 20 19 1 0 0 95.00 5.00 0 0 5.00 0.278-8.778
), ArticleFig(id=1156967368980254813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156967361887686658, language=CN, label=表 2, caption=不同采集地灰霉菌菌株对咯菌腈抗性频率及抗性倍数的测定结果, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
采样 区域 菌株 不同抗性程度的菌株数量 不同抗性程度的菌株占比(%) 抗性频率(%) 抗性倍数
数量(株) S LR MR HR S LR MR HR
杭州 28 27 1 0 0 96.43 3.57 0 0 3.57 0.111-7.556
湖州 33 30 3 0 0 91.00 9.00 0 0 9.00 0.278-7.667
嘉兴 24 23 1 0 0 95.83 4.17 0 0 4.17 0.611-8.056
温州 29 29 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0.00 0.278-3.833
台州 27 27 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0.00 0.167-3.778
衢州 23 23 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0.00 0.167-1.500
丽水 20 19 1 0 0 95.00 5.00 0 0 5.00 0.278-8.778
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咯菌腈对草莓灰霉病病原真菌的室内毒力测定与抗性研究
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章一鸣 *
实验室检测 | 创新应用 2024,2(8): 18-20
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实验室检测 | 创新应用 2024, 2(8): 18-20
咯菌腈对草莓灰霉病病原真菌的室内毒力测定与抗性研究
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章一鸣*
作者信息
  • 湖州职业技术学院 旅游管理学院 湖州 313099
  • 章一鸣,硕士,讲师,专任教师,研究方向为植物病理学。

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*章一鸣,硕士,讲师,专任教师,研究方向为植物病理学。E-mail:
Indoor toxicity determination and resistance study of fludioxonil against pathogenic fungi of strawberry gray mold
Yi-Ming ZHANG*
Affiliations
  • School of Tourism Management Huzhou Vocational & Technical College Huzhou 313099 China
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目的 灰霉病是草莓生产过程中的一种重要病害,严重影响了其产量和品质,本文旨在研究浙江不同草莓产区的灰霉病病原菌对咯菌腈的抗性程度,以阐明该药目前使用状况及今后的用药策略。方法 本文运用菌丝生长速率法对从浙江 7 个地区草莓灰霉病病样中分离出的 184个菌株进行室内毒力测定,以测定其对咯菌腈的敏感性,并统计抗性菌株和敏感菌株的出现频率。结果 结果显示,衢州地区的草莓灰霉病菌株对咯菌腈的敏感性最高,平均 ${\mathrm{{EC}}}_{50}$ 值为 ${0.014\mu}\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ ,而湖州地区的草莓灰霉病菌株对咯菌腈的敏感性相对最低,平均 ${\mathrm{{EC}}}_{50}$ 值为 ${0.032\mu}\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ ,敏感基线为 ${0.018\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$结论 目前浙江地区已出现个别低抗菌株,表明草莓灰霉病菌对咯菌腈产生了一定抗性,敏感基线值相较于先前研究结果相比有所提高,但整体层面产生的抗药性依然可控。

灰霉病  /  灰霉菌  /  咯菌腈  /  室内毒力测定

Objective Gray mold is an important disease in thestrawberry production process, which seriously affects its yield andquality. This article aims to study the resistance of gray moldpathogens in different strawberry production areas in Zhejiang Provinceto fludioxonil, in order to clarify the current use status and futuremedication strategies of this fungicide. Methods This article uses themycelial growth rate method to conduct indoor toxicity testing on 184strains isolated from strawberry gray mold disease samples in 7 regionsof Zhejiang Province, in order to determine their sensitivity tofludioxonitril and count the frequency of occurrence of resistant andsensitive strains. Results The results showed that the strawberry graymold strain in Quzhou area had the highest sensitivity to fludioxonil,with an average ${\mathrm{{EC}}}_{50}$ value of ${0.014\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ ,while the strawberry gray mold strain in Huzhou area had the lowestsensitivity to fludioxonil, with an average ${\mathrm{{EC}}}_{50}$ value of ${0.032\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ and asensitivity baseline of ${0.018\mu}\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ and the sensitive baseline value forthe whole province is ${0.018\mu}\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ . Conclusion At present, a few lowresistant strains have appeared in the Zhejiang region, indicating thatthe strawberry gray mold fungus has developed certain resistance tofludioxonitril. The sensitivity baseline value has increased compared toprevious research results, but the overall level of drug resistance isstill controllable.

gray mold  /  Botrytis cinerea  /  fludioxonil  /  indoor toxicity
章一鸣. 咯菌腈对草莓灰霉病病原真菌的室内毒力测定与抗性研究. 实验室检测, 2024 , 2 (8) : 18 -20 .
Yi-Ming ZHANG. Indoor toxicity determination and resistance study of fludioxonil against pathogenic fungi of strawberry gray mold[J]. Laboratory Testing, 2024 , 2 (8) : 18 -20 .
草莓灰霉病是一种由灰葡萄孢 (Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr.) 侵染草莓引起的真菌病害。主要危害茄科蔬菜的花、果实、叶片以及茎。在中国各草莓栽培地区都有发生,草莓发生灰霉病后, 一般减产 20%~30%,重者达 50% 以上。近年来,随着草莓种植的迅速发展, 连续多年在同一地区的大棚种植, 以及抗性品种的缺乏, 容易引起病害病原菌的逐年积累。特别在降水较多, 土壤湿度较大的地区, 发病更为严重, 因此它也是导致草莓产量和质量降低的主要因素之一。浙江省阴湿天气较多,在这种环境下, 灰霉病菌容易侵染寄主, 同时寄主也表现得更容易染病。 近年来, 随着保护地草莓种植的发展, 灰霉病的发展和流行逐渐加重,目前已经上升为草莓的主要病害,严重制约浙江省草莓产业的发展。化学防治具有见效快、易操作、成本低等优点, 是防治草莓灰霉病菌长期使用的手段, 其中咯菌腈是瑞士先正达公司开发的一种新型苯基吡咯类杀菌剂, 对子囊菌、担子菌具有极好的控制作用, 对灰霉病菌有特效, 能够抑制孢子萌发的同时也能够抑制菌丝体的生长。
国内关于草莓灰霉病菌抗药性及致病力测定研究相对较少。纪军建等 [ 1 ] 运用菌丝生长速率法测定后发现番茄灰霉病菌对咯菌腈存在较低或中等抗性风险。任维超等人 [ 2 ] 于 2013 年首次在山东寿光黄瓜灰霉菌株中筛选到 2 株高抗菌株, 高抗频率为 2.67%。石延霞等人 [ 3 ] 对采自北京、河北等蔬菜种植区, 寄主为番茄、黄瓜、辣椒、茄子、草莓、芹菜等蔬菜作物参试的 85 株灰葡萄孢菌进行研究发现, 36.47% 的菌株对咯菌腈产生了抗性, 其中高等抗性的频数为 21.18%, 低等抗性的频数为 15.29%。冯晓菲等人 [ 4 ] 采用最低浓度抑制法(MIC)测定了四川地区草莓灰霉病菌株对咯菌腈的抗性频率为 32.8%、对咯菌腈产生高抗的菌株达到 4.32%。
国外部分地区有关于灰霉病菌对于咯菌腈的抗性报道为数不多。Vignutelli 等人 [ 5 ] 在法国监测到一株低抗菌株。 Fernandez-Ortuno 等人 [ 6 - 8 ] 在美国弗吉尼亚州分离得到一株低抗菌株, 这也是美国在咯菌腈生产并使用 10 年后首次监测到咯菌腈的抗性菌株。
目前, 浙江省内关于建立草莓灰霉病菌对咯菌腈的敏感基线的研究报道较少,因此本文开展草莓灰霉病菌株对咯菌腈的敏感性研究、相关抗性倍数和抗性频率的统计, 最终为制定科学合理的田间杀菌剂应用方案提供理论依据和参考价值。通过研究浙江省草莓灰霉病菌对咯菌腈的抗药频率及致病力测定, 可明确抗药性和致病力水平,为防治草莓灰霉病菌提供理论依据, 指导农民在草莓的种植中科学用药, 以此减少草莓病害, 提高浙江省草莓产量及经济效益。
药品:咯菌腈 ${200}\mathrm{\;g}$ 小包装(有效成分 97.9%,湖北速普尔化工/湖北猫尔沃生物公司)。
设备: Gtop658Y 恒温培养箱 (上海三发科学仪器有限公司); SW-CJ-1D 超净工作台 (苏州安泰空气科技有限公司); D37520 离心机 (美国科骏仪器公司)。
2022 年至 2024 年期间,课题组从中国浙江省 7 个县级市的草莓种植区收集了由灰霉病菌引起的草莓病害果实样本, 并带回实验室进行保湿培养与单孢分离, 纯化病原菌, 最终转移到 PDA 斜面上在 ${4}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 下储存。前期经过形态学和分子生物学鉴定, 实验总计分离出 184 株菌株。
采用菌丝生长速率法测定供试菌株对咯菌腈的敏感性, 首先将咯菌腈原药制备成浓度为 ${10000\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 的母液,并在 ${4}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 下储存, 然后以不同浓度加入 PDA 培养基中, 以不含咯菌腈 (但含有丙酮)的 PDA 培养基用作对照。每个浓度梯度试验重复 3 次。使用打孔器在不含咯菌腈的 PDA 培养基上取真菌菌饼 $\left({0 = 5\mathrm{\;{mm}}}\right)$ ,并将其放置在不同浓度咯菌腈的PDA 培养皿的中心。 在恒温培养箱中, ${25}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 下培养 4 天后,通过十字交叉法测量并记录菌落直径并计算均值。
抑制率计算公式: $\mathrm{{CGI}}= \left\lbrack {\left({{\mathrm{{MCD}}}_{\mathrm{c}}- {\mathrm{{MCD}}}_{\mathrm{f}}}\right)/\left({{\mathrm{{MCD}}}_{\mathrm{c}}-5\mathrm{\;{mm}}}\right)}\right\rbrack \times {100}$ , 其中 ${\mathrm{{MCD}}}_{\mathrm{c}}$ 是对照组 (不含杀菌剂) 的平均菌落直径, ${\mathrm{{MCD}}}_{\mathrm{f}}$ 是每种杀菌剂浓度的平均菌落尺寸, 根据抑菌率计算结果, 使用 DPS 软件对单菌株 ${\mathrm{{EC}}}_{50}$ 值进行测定,并确定敏感基线值。
根据国际杀菌剂行动委员会 (FRAC) 对植物病原菌对杀菌剂敏感性的分类方法,将各供试菌株的 ${\mathrm{{EC}}}_{50}$ 值/敏感基线值作为比率 $r$ , $r \leq 5$ 表示敏感菌株, $5 < r \leq {10}$ 表示低抗性菌株, ${10}< r \leq {40}$ 表示中抗性菌株,而 $r >{40}$ 则表示高抗性菌株。根据实验结果,分析供试菌株对咯菌腈的耐药性,统计抗性菌株和敏感菌株的出现频率。
从浙江省 7 个地区收集的草莓灰霉病菌株对咯菌腈的 ${\mathrm{{EC}}}_{50}$ 值范围为 ${0.002}\sim {0.158\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ ( 表 1 )。衢州地区的草莓灰霉病菌株对咯菌腈的敏感性最高,平均 ${\mathrm{{EC}}}_{50}$ 值为 ${0.014\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ ,而湖州地区的草莓灰霉病菌株对咯菌腈的敏感性相对最低, 平均 ${\mathrm{{EC}}}_{50}$ 值为 ${0.032\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 。在杭州、嘉兴、温州、台州和丽水地区,草莓灰霉病菌株的平均敏感性 ${\mathrm{{EC}}}_{50}$ 值分别为 0.029、 0.031、0.022、0.018、0.026μg/mL。经计算,第一主峰区间内 $\left({{0.015}\sim {0.020\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}}\right)$ 的平均 ${\mathrm{{EC}}}_{50}$ 值为 ${0.018\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ ,通过 Shapiro-Wilk 法得 $P ={0.135}> {0.05}$ ,符合正态分布,可作为浙江省灰霉病菌对咯菌腈的敏感性基线。
基于上述敏感基线, 从温州、台州和衢州三个地区收集的 79 株菌株中,通过计算得出, 各菌株抗性倍数均小于 5 ,未显示抗性。然而,从杭州、湖州、嘉兴和丽水四个地区收集了 105 株菌株, 其中一些菌株表现出较低抗性水平, 抗性频率为 3.57%、9.00%、4.17% 和 5.00%,总抗性频率为 21.74%,间接表明草莓灰霉病菌株对咯菌腈的敏感性有所降低, 除此之外, 本研究未检测到中抗、高抗菌株。
咯菌腈是一种新型吡咯类非内吸性广谱杀菌剂,主要通过抑制菌体葡萄糖磷酰化有关的转移, 并抑制真菌菌丝体的生长, 导致病菌死亡。本文通过计算浙江省不同地区草莓灰霉病菌株对于咯菌腈的室内毒力测定, 确定敏感基线的同时统计了抗性频率与抗性倍数, 结果显示不同地区的灰霉病菌株, 对于咯菌腈呈现敏感趋势, 虽然个别地区出现低抗菌株, 但整体层面产生的抗药性依然可控, 考虑到本次采样数量及采样地区的局限性, 不排除个别地区存在高抗菌株的存在。该药剂使用时进行叶面喷雾和灌根均可,且用量少,低残留,对其他药剂产生抗药性的病原菌也有明显作用。此外, 咯菌腈无内吸作用, 但具有强的穿透能力, 持效期长, 能在作物根部形成稳定而持久的保护圈, 同时具有良好的安全性, 对作物安全无药害。在使用策略方面,咯菌腈适宜在草莓灰霉病发病初期使用,连续施药 3 次,间隔 7~10 天,推荐兑水量为 40~50 公斤 / 亩,施药时应确保喷雾均匀、周到。大风天或预计 1 小时内降雨时不宜施药。 此外, 咯菌腈的安全间隔期为 3 天, 每季作物最多使用 3 次。
除此之外, 考虑到同种病害在不同区域对同一种药剂表现出不同的抗性频率和水平,与药剂使用历史和频率有关 [ 9 ] 。因此在实际大田种植进程中, 需考虑使用不同药剂进行轮换喷药, 防止抗药性的产生。
  • 浙江省教育厅一般科研项目(Y202352976)
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2024年第2卷第8期
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Zhejiang Provincial Department of Education General research Project(Y202352976)
浙江省教育厅一般科研项目(Y202352976)
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    湖州职业技术学院 旅游管理学院 湖州 313099

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*章一鸣,硕士,讲师,专任教师,研究方向为植物病理学。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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