Article(id=1156918084360557073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1156918076408160985, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753760365809, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753760365809, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753760365809, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753760365809, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156918076408160985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, year='2024', volume='2', issue='10', pageStart='2', pageEnd='170', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1753760363913, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753785172282, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157022130291434434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1156918076408160985, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157022130291434435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1156918076408160985, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=126, endPage=127, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156918085824369189, articleId=1156918084360557073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, language=EN, title=Isolation and identification of lactic acid bacteria in fermented grains of Nongxiang Baijiu, columnId=1156641066674676444, journalTitle=Laboratory Testing, columnName=Evaluation and Analysis, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Lactic acid and its derivatives are important flavor substances in Nongxiang Baijiu which play a vital role in the aroma and taste of the wine. In order to screen lactic acid bacteria, this study tooke a Nongxiang Baijiu fermented grains as the research object. The isolation conditions of lactic acid bacteria were optimized, the effects of different DNA extraction methods were compared, and the species of lactic acid bacteria were identified by enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing. The results showed that 95 strains of lactic acid bacteria were preliminarily screened in MRS broth medium under anaerobic culture at 37°C for 24 h. The optimal method for DNA extraction of lactic acid bacteria was determined to be boiling method, and the strains were identified as Lactobacillus panis, which had the effects of producing lactic acid and n-propanol. This study has important reference value for the production and quality improvement of Nongxiang Baijiu.

, correspAuthors=Hua-Wei YUAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*YUAN Hua-Wei, Ph.D, Professor, Faculty of Quality Management Inspection, Yibin University, Yibin 644000, China. E-mail:
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乳酸及其衍生物是白酒中重要的风味物质,对酒体的呈香呈味具有重要作用。为了筛选乳酸菌,本研究以 某酒企浓香型白酒酒醅为研究对象,优化乳酸菌分离条件,比较不同DNA 提取方法的效果,经酶切与DNA 测序鉴 定乳酸菌种类。结果表明,在MRS 肉汤培养基中,以37°C 厌氧培养24 h 条件下,初筛酒醅中95 株乳酸菌。确定 乳酸菌DNA 提取最优方法为煮沸法,并鉴定菌株均为面包乳杆菌(Lactobacillus panis),具有生成乳酸与正丙醇 等作用,本研究对白酒的生产与品质的提升有重要参考价值。

, correspAuthors=袁华伟, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*袁华伟,博士,教授,研究方向:食品发酵与酿酒工程。E-mail:
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解廷娜,硕士,助教,研究方向:农产品加工及检验检测。

袁华伟,博士,教授,研究方向:食品发酵与酿酒工程。

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解廷娜,硕士,助教,研究方向:农产品加工及检验检测。

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解廷娜,硕士,助教,研究方向:农产品加工及检验检测。

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A 组:未富集 + 好氧培养;B 组:未富集 + 厌氧培养;C 组:富集 + 厌氧培养

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A: 试剂盒法;B: 酶解法;C: 煮沸法

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浓香型白酒酒醅中乳酸菌的筛选与鉴定
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解廷娜 1 , 黄雅楠 1 , 尼苹乐喜 1 , 詹峰萍 1 , 余洪春 1 , 南国辉 1, 3 , 李莉 1 , 伍琼 2 , 袁华伟 1, 3, *
实验室检测 | 评价与分析 2024,2(10): 126-127
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实验室检测 | 评价与分析 2024, 2(10): 126-127
浓香型白酒酒醅中乳酸菌的筛选与鉴定
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解廷娜1, 黄雅楠1, 尼苹乐喜1, 詹峰萍1, 余洪春1, 南国辉1, 3, 李莉1, 伍琼2, 袁华伟1, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1 宜宾学院 质量管理与检验检测学部 宜宾 644000
  • 2 宜宾五粮液股份有限公司 宜宾 644000
  • 3 宜宾学院 固态发酵资源利用四川省重点实验室 宜宾 644000
  • 解廷娜,硕士,助教,研究方向:农产品加工及检验检测。

    袁华伟,博士,教授,研究方向:食品发酵与酿酒工程。

通讯作者:

*袁华伟,博士,教授,研究方向:食品发酵与酿酒工程。E-mail:
Isolation and identification of lactic acid bacteria in fermented grains of Nongxiang Baijiu
Ting-Na XIE1, Ya-Nan HUANG1, Le-Xi NIPING1, Feng-Ping ZHAN1, Hong-Chun YU1, Guo-Hui NAN1, 3, Li LI1, Qiong WU2, Hua-Wei YUAN1, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Faculty of Quality Management and Inspection Yibin University Yibin 644000 China
  • 2 Wuliangye Yibin Co., Ltd. Yibin 644000 China
  • 3 Solid-State Fermentation Resource Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Yibin University Yibin 644000 China
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乳酸及其衍生物是白酒中重要的风味物质,对酒体的呈香呈味具有重要作用。为了筛选乳酸菌,本研究以 某酒企浓香型白酒酒醅为研究对象,优化乳酸菌分离条件,比较不同DNA 提取方法的效果,经酶切与DNA 测序鉴 定乳酸菌种类。结果表明,在MRS 肉汤培养基中,以37°C 厌氧培养24 h 条件下,初筛酒醅中95 株乳酸菌。确定 乳酸菌DNA 提取最优方法为煮沸法,并鉴定菌株均为面包乳杆菌(Lactobacillus panis),具有生成乳酸与正丙醇 等作用,本研究对白酒的生产与品质的提升有重要参考价值。

乳酸菌筛选  /  DNA测序  /  酒醅  /  浓香型白酒

Lactic acid and its derivatives are important flavor substances in Nongxiang Baijiu which play a vital role in the aroma and taste of the wine. In order to screen lactic acid bacteria, this study tooke a Nongxiang Baijiu fermented grains as the research object. The isolation conditions of lactic acid bacteria were optimized, the effects of different DNA extraction methods were compared, and the species of lactic acid bacteria were identified by enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing. The results showed that 95 strains of lactic acid bacteria were preliminarily screened in MRS broth medium under anaerobic culture at 37°C for 24 h. The optimal method for DNA extraction of lactic acid bacteria was determined to be boiling method, and the strains were identified as Lactobacillus panis, which had the effects of producing lactic acid and n-propanol. This study has important reference value for the production and quality improvement of Nongxiang Baijiu.

screening of lactic acid bacteria  /  DNA sequence  /  fermented grains  /  Nongxiang Baijiu
解廷娜, 黄雅楠, 尼苹乐喜, 詹峰萍, 余洪春, 南国辉, 李莉, 伍琼, 袁华伟. 浓香型白酒酒醅中乳酸菌的筛选与鉴定. 实验室检测, 2024 , 2 (10) : 126 -127 .
Ting-Na XIE, Ya-Nan HUANG, Le-Xi NIPING, Feng-Ping ZHAN, Hong-Chun YU, Guo-Hui NAN, Li LI, Qiong WU, Hua-Wei YUAN. Isolation and identification of lactic acid bacteria in fermented grains of Nongxiang Baijiu[J]. Laboratory Testing, 2024 , 2 (10) : 126 -127 .
酒醅是白酒酿造的主体及微生物生长代谢的基质, 窖池里微生物通过复杂的代谢和物质转化, 最后形成白酒的主体骨架与微量的呈香呈味成分 [ 1 - 3 ] 。浓香型白酒中风味物质形成主要来源于酒醅发酵阶段, 包括酿酒原料在微生物和酶作用下的分解产物、微生物的代谢产物以及不同代谢产物之间的相互转化 [ 4 ] 。 因此, 酒醅中微生物群落结构和代谢活动是决定白酒酿造成败与品质的关键因素。
乳酸菌是中国白酒酿造工业中非常重要的微生物类群, 已发现的乳酸菌有 39 个属,包括 653 个种和亚种 [ 5 - 6 ] 。在酒醅发酵阶段, 乳酸菌通过复杂代谢产生有机酸以及醛、酮类等香味物质, 提升白酒风味, 抑制杂菌的生长, 维持酿酒环境的洁净, 使酿酒环境偏酸性,提升酿酒酶系的糖化力和发酵能力 [ 7 - 8 ] 。为了明确浓香型白酒酒醅中乳酸菌的组成, 本研究拟分离乳酸菌并进行分子生物学鉴定, 对白酒生产过程中酒醅微生物的调节与品质的提升具有重要的参考价值。
本研究所用的酒醅取样来自四川省某浓香型白酒酿酒基地的酿酒车间, 酒醅为当天刚出窖酒醅, 取样时按窖池上中下三个不同位置取, 均匀混合样品。样品取回后立即分装小袋, 每袋 10 g,置于 ${4}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 冰箱保藏。
无水乙醇、 $\mathrm{{NaCl}}$$\mathrm{{HCl}}$$\mathrm{{NaOH}}$ (分析纯,国药集团化学试剂有限公司);琼脂糖 (生物试剂, BioFoxx);Ezup 柱式细菌基因组 DNA 抽提试剂盒 (实验试剂, 上海生工生物工程有限公司); 4S green 核酸染料 (生物染料,上海生工生物工程有限公司); MRS 琼脂培养基 (生物试剂, 海博生物技术有限公司); MRS 肉汤培养基(生物试剂,海博生物技术有限公司);溶菌酶(生物试剂,上海生工生物工程有限公司)溶于 TE 缓冲液(生物试剂, 北京索莱宝科技有限公司)中,浓度为 ${20}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ ;细菌裂解液成分为 ${50}\mathrm{{mmol}}/\mathrm{L}$ Tris-HCl(生物试剂,上海生工生物工程有限公司)、2 mmol/L 乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)(分析纯,上海生工生物工程有限公司)、100 mmol/L NaCl、2% SDS(化学纯,上海生工生物工程有限公司)、1000 mL 超纯水 (实验室自制)。
恒温恒湿培养箱 (QP-50, 山东博科生物产业有限公司); $\mathrm{{pH}}$ 计(SevenExcellence ${}^{\mathrm{{TM}}}$ ,梅特勒-托利多有限公司);电泳仪 (Mini-Sub-Cell, 山东三瑞科技有限公司); PCR 仪 (9700, 赛默飞世尔科技)。
${10}\mathrm{\;g}$ 样品置于三角瓶中,加入无菌生理盐水 ${90}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ ,放入摇床中, ${150}\mathrm{r}/\mathrm{{min}}$ 振荡 $2\mathrm{\;h}$ ,作为无增菌处理样品。另取 ${10}\mathrm{\;g}$ 样品,置于 ${90}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ MRS 肉汤培养基中,震荡摇匀后,于 ${37}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 恒温培养箱 ${24}\mathrm{\;h}$ ,作为增菌处理样品。取培养液,按照 10 倍梯度稀释后,涂布于无菌MRS琼脂培养基。
将涂布好的平板分为两组,置于 ${37}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 培养箱中培养 ${48}\mathrm{\;h}$ , 分别进行好氧培养与厌氧培养(封口膜密封),确定适宜稀释梯度与培养条件。随后, 以适宜稀释梯度, 将增菌处理的培养液涂布于 MRS 琼脂培养基,37°C 厌氧培养 ${48}\mathrm{\;h}$ 后,挑选具有明显乳酸菌特征菌落,纯化后,接种于深孔板,置于 ${37}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 厌氧工作站富集培养 24 h。
为了明确乳酸菌菌种 DNA 的最佳提取方法, 本研究对试剂盒法、化学试剂法、煮沸法的 DNA 提取效果进行了比较。 将深孔板中培养的菌液离心后收集细胞沉淀, 并分别进行如下处理。
(1) 试剂盒法
采用 Ezup 柱式细菌基因组 DNA 抽提试剂盒, 并按照说明书所述方法进行提取。
(2) 酶解法
将离心后的细胞分为 5 组,分别进行如下处理,加入 ${50\mu }\mathrm{L}$ 裂解液, ${56}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 水浴 $1\mathrm{\;h}$ ( $\mathrm{\;A}$ 组); 加入 ${50\mu }\mathrm{L}$ 溶菌酶, ${37}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 水浴 ${30}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ (B 组); 加入 ${30\mu }\mathrm{L}$ 溶菌酶, ${37}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 水浴 ${30}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ ,再加入 ${20\mu }\mathrm{L}$ 裂解液 ${56}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 水浴 $1\mathrm{\;h}$ ( $\mathrm{C}$ 组); 加入溶菌酶 ${30\mu }\mathrm{L},{37}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 水浴 ${30}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ ,随后加入裂解液 ${20\mu }\mathrm{L},{56}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 水浴 $1\mathrm{\;h},{65}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 水浴 $1\mathrm{\;h}\left({\mathrm{D}\text{组}}\right)$ ; 加入 ${50\mu }\mathrm{L}$ 裂解液, ${56}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 水浴 $1\mathrm{\;h},{65}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 水浴 $1\mathrm{\;h}$ (E 组)。
(3) 煮沸法
将离心后的细胞分为 4 组,分别进行如下处理, ${10\mu }\mathrm{L}$ 乳酸菌菌液 $+{50\mu }\mathrm{L}$ 去离子水,煮沸 $4\mathrm{\;{min}}$ 取上清 ${2.5\mu }\mathrm{L}$ ,进行 PCR。 1.5.2 菌种 16S rRNA 扩增产物的酶切与测序
将上述方法提取的 DNA, 进行 PCR 扩增, 所用引物为细菌 16S rRNA 通用引物, F: 5’-GAGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3’ 和 R: 5’-CTACGGCTACCTTGTTACGA-3’。获得的 PCR 产物, 分别用限制性内切酶 hinfI 对进行酶解分型。PCR 产物委托上海生工生物科技有限公司进行测序分析, 获得的序列信息提交美国国家生物技术信息中心(National center for biotechnology information, NCBI) 进行序列比对, 采用 MEGAll 软件的邻接法(Neighbor joining, NJ)Bootstrap method 值为 1000 构建系统发育树,确定属种关系。
本研究首先探索了酒醅处理方法与培养条件, 结果见 图 1图 1 中 A 组未见明显乳酸菌菌落,而芽孢杆菌菌落较多;B 组未见明显菌落;C 组可见明显的乳酸菌菌落,菌落分明,无污染,菌落呈乳白色、不透明、隆起、圆形、表面光滑。经 MRS 肉汤培养基,37°C 恒温培养箱中,厌氧条件下培养 ${24}\mathrm{\;h}$ 且经 $5 \sim 7$ 倍稀释的菌落培养与筛选条件较好。在此条件下,共分离得到 95 个乳酸菌菌株。与江威等人 [ 9 ] 的相关研究相比, 在该处理方法及培养条件下, 分离得到的乳酸菌菌种更多。
为了比较三种处理方式提取菌株 DNA 的效果, 以便进行后续菌株鉴定。不同方法提取产物经 PCR 后电泳图见 图 2 。结果可见,试剂盒法提取产物经 PCR 后,电泳条带清晰、明亮,提取 DNA 相对含量最高 (如 图 2 A)。对于酶解法提取菌株 DNA 结果可见, B 组与 E 组处理方法均可获得菌株 DNA (如 图 2 B)。 由 图 2 C 可见,煮沸法提取菌株 DNA 成功率较高,操作最为简单,在周晏阳等人 [ 10 ] 的研究中也表示用煮沸法提取的 DNA 浓度符合 PCR 检测要求, 目的条带清晰, 所得测序结果满足常规分子生物学研究。该方法具有简单、快速、高效的特点, 且具有广泛的实用性。因此,本研究选择煮沸法进行后续分析。
为了初步鉴别所筛选的乳酸菌种类是否一致, 本研究对菌株 PCR 产物进行了酶切分析,结果见 图 3 。以煮沸法 PCR 产物为底物, 进行酶切后, 可见 PCR 产物被酶切为三条条带, 条带大小均匀一致, 推测所筛选的乳酸菌为同一种。在熊亚等人 [ 11 ] 的研究中其测定方法与本实验一致, 可见该测定方法的普遍性及实用性。
根据酶切结果,随机挑选 5 株菌株的 PCR 产物进行测序, 测序结果经比对后发现, 5 株菌种为同一种, 与预测结果一致, 命名为 JPRSJ。经过 ${16}\mathrm{S}$ rRNA 基因序列分析和利用 GenBank BLAST 程序进行序列同源性比较, 菌株 JPRSJ 的 16S rRNA 序列与面包乳杆菌菌株 (Lactobacillus panis strain) TCP080 (GenBank 编号:KF312690.1) 聚于一类, 说明该菌株与面包乳杆菌高度同源 (见 图 4 )。根据菌株形态观察和序列比对,该菌株被鉴定为面包乳杆菌。面包乳杆菌是关键产乳酸微生物, 也是白酒酿造过程中正丙醇的重要微生物来源, 直接影响群落组成与基酒品质,在白酒酿造中占有非常重要的地位 [ 12 - 13 ]
在 MRS 肉汤培养基中,以 ${37}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 厌氧培养 ${24}\mathrm{\;h}$ 条件下,初筛酒醅中 95 株乳酸菌。确定乳酸菌 DNA 提取最优方法为煮沸法, 并鉴定菌株均为面包乳杆菌, 具有生成乳酸与正丙醇等作用, 本研究对白酒的生产与品质的提升有重要参考价值。
  • 宜宾学院科研项目(2016PY03)
  • 四川省科技厅项目(2023NSFSC0343)
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2024年第2卷第10期
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Scientific Research Project of Yibin University(2016PY03)
宜宾学院科研项目(2016PY03)
Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(2023NSFSC0343)
四川省科技厅项目(2023NSFSC0343)
作者信息
    1 宜宾学院 质量管理与检验检测学部 宜宾 644000
    2 宜宾五粮液股份有限公司 宜宾 644000
    3 宜宾学院 固态发酵资源利用四川省重点实验室 宜宾 644000

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*袁华伟,博士,教授,研究方向:食品发酵与酿酒工程。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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