Article(id=1156918081034478333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1156918076408160985, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753760365016, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753760365016, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753760365016, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753760365016, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156918076408160985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, year='2024', volume='2', issue='10', pageStart='2', pageEnd='170', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1753760363913, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753785172282, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157022130291434434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1156918076408160985, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157022130291434435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1156918076408160985, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=165, endPage=167, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156918082305352466, articleId=1156918081034478333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, language=EN, title=Determination of ethanol content in Isosorbide Mononitrate Sustained-Release Tablets by gas chromatography, columnId=1156641065621906129, journalTitle=Laboratory Testing, columnName=Innovative Applications, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective Establishment of a capillary column headspacesampling program for Gas chromatography determination of ethanol residuein Isosorbide Mononitrate sustained-release tablets. Methods A capillarycolumn $\left({{30}\mathrm{\;m}\times {0.320}\mathrm{\;{mm}},{0.25\mu}\mathrm{m}}\right)$ with $6\%$ cyanopropylphenyl-94%dimethylpolysiloxane (or similar polarity) as stationary solution wasused. The starting temperature was ${50}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ and maintainedfor $6\mathrm{\;{min}}$ , thetemperature of the detector was ${250}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ , thetemperature of the inlet was ${200}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ , theequilibrium temperature of the headspace bottle was ${80}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ , the equilibriumtime was ${30}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ , theflow rate of nitrogen was $1\mathrm{\;{mL}}/\mathrm{{min}}$ , and thetemperature of the headspace bottle was ${200}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ . The shuntratio was ${50}: 1$ . Results Underthe above chromatographic conditions, the retention time of ethanol was $3\mathrm{\;{min}}$ and theconcentration of ethanol was in the range of ${0.43}\sim {10.8\mu}\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ . The recoveries were ${87.04}\%\sim {94.45}\%,\mathrm{{RSD}}={0.17}\%\left({n = 6}\right)$ .

, correspAuthors=Xue-Li SHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*SHAO Xue-Li, Deputy Chief Pharmacist, Deputy Director, Zhoukou Product Quality Inspection and Testing Center, Zhoukou 466000, China. E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xue-Li SHAO, Yan-Jun SONG, Yang TAN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156918107232101365, articleId=1156918081034478333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, language=CN, title=毛细管柱顶空进样程序升温气相色谱法检测单硝酸异山梨酯缓释片中乙醇量, columnId=1151957373175820401, journalTitle=实验室检测, columnName=创新应用, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 建立毛细管柱顶空进样程序升温气相色谱法检测单硝酸异山梨酯缓释片中乙醇残留量。方法 采用 6% 氰丙基苯基 -94%二甲基聚硅氧烷(或极性相近)为固定液的毛细管柱(30m×0.320mm,0.25μm),起始温度为 ${50}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ ,维持 $6\mathrm{\;{min}}$ ,以每分钟 ${50}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 的速率升温至 ${200}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ ,维持 $3\mathrm{\;{min}}$ ;检测器温度为 ${250}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ ;进样口温度为 ${200}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ ;顶空瓶平衡温度为 ${80}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ ,平衡时间为 ${30}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ ;氮气流速为 $1\mathrm{\;{mL}}/\mathrm{{min}}$ ;分流比为 ${50}:1$结果 在上述色谱条件下,乙醇的保留时间为 $3\mathrm{\;{min}}$ ,乙醇浓度在 ${0.43}\sim {10.8}\mathrm{{\mug}}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 范围内质量浓度与峰面积呈良好的线性关系。方法的加标回收率为 ${87.04}\%\sim {94.45}\%$ 之间, RSD=0.17 $\%\left({n = 6}\right)$结论本法样品前处理简便、干扰少、重现性好,精度高,可用于单硝酸异山梨酯缓释片中乙醇量的质量控制。

, correspAuthors=邵雪力, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*邵雪力,副主任药师,副主任,研究方向:药品、化妆品检验检测。E-mail:
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邵雪力,副主任药师,副主任,研究方向:药品、化妆品检验检测。

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取样(g) 加入量 (μg/mL) 原含量 (%) 测定量 (%) 回收率 (%) 平均 回收率 (%) RSD (%)
0.5114 0.54 0.38 0.89 94.44 91.98 0.17
0.5058 0.54 0.36 0.86 92.59
0.5058 0.54 0.37 0.84 87.04
0.5118 0.54 0.41 0.91 92.59
0.5063 0.54 0.39 0.88 90.74
0.5103 0.54 0.38 0.89 94.45
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取样(g) 加入量 (μg/mL) 原含量 (%) 测定量 (%) 回收率 (%) 平均 回收率 (%) RSD (%)
0.5114 0.54 0.38 0.89 94.44 91.98 0.17
0.5058 0.54 0.36 0.86 92.59
0.5058 0.54 0.37 0.84 87.04
0.5118 0.54 0.41 0.91 92.59
0.5063 0.54 0.39 0.88 90.74
0.5103 0.54 0.38 0.89 94.45
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编号 检品批号 取样(g) 乙醇(%)
1 A230415F1 0.5058 0.4
2 A230416F1 0.5057 0.4
3 A230414F1 0.5114 0.4
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编号 检品批号 取样(g) 乙醇(%)
1 A230415F1 0.5058 0.4
2 A230416F1 0.5057 0.4
3 A230414F1 0.5114 0.4
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毛细管柱顶空进样程序升温气相色谱法检测单硝酸异山梨酯缓释片中乙醇量
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邵雪力 1, * , 宋闫军 2 , 谭洋 3
实验室检测 | 创新应用 2024,2(10): 165-167
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实验室检测 | 创新应用 2024, 2(10): 165-167
毛细管柱顶空进样程序升温气相色谱法检测单硝酸异山梨酯缓释片中乙醇量
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邵雪力1, * , 宋闫军2, 谭洋3
作者信息
  • 1 周口市产品质量检验检测中心 周口 466000
  • 2 温县产品质量检验检测中心 焦作 454000
  • 3 濮阳市个体私营经济发展指导中心 濮阳 457000
  • 邵雪力,副主任药师,副主任,研究方向:药品、化妆品检验检测。

通讯作者:

*邵雪力,副主任药师,副主任,研究方向:药品、化妆品检验检测。E-mail:
Determination of ethanol content in Isosorbide Mononitrate Sustained-Release Tablets by gas chromatography
Xue-Li SHAO1, * , Yan-Jun SONG2, Yang TAN3
Affiliations
  • 1 Zhoukou Product Quality Inspection and Testing Center Zhoukou 466000 China
  • 2 Wen County Product Quality Inspection and Testing Center Jiaozuo 454000 China
  • 3 Puyang Self-employed Private Economic Development Guidance Center Puyang 457000 China
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目的 建立毛细管柱顶空进样程序升温气相色谱法检测单硝酸异山梨酯缓释片中乙醇残留量。方法 采用 6% 氰丙基苯基 -94%二甲基聚硅氧烷(或极性相近)为固定液的毛细管柱(30m×0.320mm,0.25μm),起始温度为 ${50}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ ,维持 $6\mathrm{\;{min}}$ ,以每分钟 ${50}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 的速率升温至 ${200}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ ,维持 $3\mathrm{\;{min}}$ ;检测器温度为 ${250}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ ;进样口温度为 ${200}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ ;顶空瓶平衡温度为 ${80}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ ,平衡时间为 ${30}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ ;氮气流速为 $1\mathrm{\;{mL}}/\mathrm{{min}}$ ;分流比为 ${50}:1$结果 在上述色谱条件下,乙醇的保留时间为 $3\mathrm{\;{min}}$ ,乙醇浓度在 ${0.43}\sim {10.8}\mathrm{{\mug}}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 范围内质量浓度与峰面积呈良好的线性关系。方法的加标回收率为 ${87.04}\%\sim {94.45}\%$ 之间, RSD=0.17 $\%\left({n = 6}\right)$结论本法样品前处理简便、干扰少、重现性好,精度高,可用于单硝酸异山梨酯缓释片中乙醇量的质量控制。

单硝酸异山梨酯缓释片  /  乙醇  /  残留量  /  毛细管柱顶空进样程序升温气相色谱法

Objective Establishment of a capillary column headspacesampling program for Gas chromatography determination of ethanol residuein Isosorbide Mononitrate sustained-release tablets. Methods A capillarycolumn $\left({{30}\mathrm{\;m}\times {0.320}\mathrm{\;{mm}},{0.25\mu}\mathrm{m}}\right)$ with $6\%$ cyanopropylphenyl-94%dimethylpolysiloxane (or similar polarity) as stationary solution wasused. The starting temperature was ${50}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ and maintainedfor $6\mathrm{\;{min}}$ , thetemperature of the detector was ${250}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ , thetemperature of the inlet was ${200}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ , theequilibrium temperature of the headspace bottle was ${80}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ , the equilibriumtime was ${30}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ , theflow rate of nitrogen was $1\mathrm{\;{mL}}/\mathrm{{min}}$ , and thetemperature of the headspace bottle was ${200}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ . The shuntratio was ${50}: 1$ . Results Underthe above chromatographic conditions, the retention time of ethanol was $3\mathrm{\;{min}}$ and theconcentration of ethanol was in the range of ${0.43}\sim {10.8\mu}\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ . The recoveries were ${87.04}\%\sim {94.45}\%,\mathrm{{RSD}}={0.17}\%\left({n = 6}\right)$ .

Isosorbide Mononitrate Sustained-Release Tablets  /  ethanol  /  residual content  /  temperature gas chromatography for headspace capillary injection
邵雪力, 宋闫军, 谭洋. 毛细管柱顶空进样程序升温气相色谱法检测单硝酸异山梨酯缓释片中乙醇量. 实验室检测, 2024 , 2 (10) : 165 -167 .
Xue-Li SHAO, Yan-Jun SONG, Yang TAN. Determination of ethanol content in Isosorbide Mononitrate Sustained-Release Tablets by gas chromatography[J]. Laboratory Testing, 2024 , 2 (10) : 165 -167 .
单硝酸异山梨酯缓释片, 薄膜衣片, 除去包衣后显白色或类白色。单硝酸异山梨酯缓释片用于冠心病的长期治疗、预防血管痉挛型和混合型心绞痛,以及心肌梗死后的治疗及慢性心衰的长期治疗 [ 1 ] 。在原料药合成工艺中,选择适当的溶剂可提高产量或决定药物的性质,如晶型、纯度、溶解速率等。但药品原料药或赋形剂的生产中, 以及在制剂的制备过程中, 使用的乙醇、氯仿等有机挥发性化合物, 它们在工艺中不能完全除尽, 由于残留溶剂可能增加药用辅料的毒副作用, 改变某些药物晶型、增大药物吸潮作用,影响药物的稳定性。尤其是当药品所含的残留溶剂水平高于安全值时, 就会对人体或环境产生危害, 因此对残留溶剂的控制已越来越受到人们的关注, 目前国家根据对残留溶剂对人体可能造成的危害程度, 将残留溶剂分为应避免使用和应限量使用, 比如将苯、四氯化碳列为应避免使用的溶剂; 将乙腈、三氯甲烷列为应限制使用毒性试剂; 将乙醇、 丙酮等毒性低的溶剂, 列为限量使用的溶剂。此类溶剂主要以 PDE(允许日接触量)来计算,此类溶剂 PDE控制在每日 ${50}\mathrm{{mg}}$ (即 ${5000}\mathrm{{ppm}}$${0.5}\%)$ 以下即可,属于限量使用,因此有必要对其残留量进行检测 [ 2 ] 。《中华人民共和国药典》2020 年版二部单硝酸异山梨酯缓释片检验标准中, 未收录乙醇量的检测项目。 测定药品中残留溶剂的方法有干燥失重测定法、分光光度法、 气相色谱法 [ 3 ] 。本文参考国内相关文献及中华人民共和国药典四部的相关规定, 采用毛细管柱顶空进样程序升温气色谱法检测其乙醇量。
安捷伦 7890A 气相色谱仪 (安捷伦科技有限公司); Agilent 毛细管柱 (30 m × 0.320 mm,0.25μm);92SM-202A型普利赛斯电子分析天平 (上海天美天平仪器有限公司)。
乙醇为分析纯,生产单位为开封市芳晶化学试剂有限公司; 水为纯化水; 单硝酸异山梨酯缓释片三批, 生产单位为乐普药业股份有限公司,批号 A230415F1 、批号 A230416F1 、批号 A230414F1。
取本品 20 片,研细,取细粉约 ${0.5}\mathrm{\;g}$ ,精密称定,置顶空瓶中, 精密量取水 $5\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 加入顶空瓶,密封。
采用 6% 氰丙基苯基 -94% 二甲基聚硅氧烷为固定液的毛细管柱 $\left({{30}\mathrm{\;m}\times {0.320}\mathrm{\;{mm}},{0.25\mu }\mathrm{m}}\right)$ ,起始温度为 ${50}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ ,维持 6 分钟,以每分钟 ${50}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 的速率升温至 ${200}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ ,维持 3 分钟; 检测器温度为 ${250}^{\circ }{\mathrm{C}}$[4] ; 进样口温度为 ${200}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ ; 顶空瓶平衡温度为 ${80}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ ,平衡时间为 30 分钟; 氮气流速为 $1\mathrm{\;{mL}}/\mathrm{{min}}$ ; 分流比为 ${50}: 1$
取乙醇 0.1080 g,加水溶解并稀释制成每 $1\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 中约含 ${0.5}\mathrm{{mg}}$ 的溶液,精密量取 $5\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ ,置顶空瓶中,密封。
标准系列溶液配制: 取对照品 ${0.1080}\mathrm{\;g}$ ,加水溶解并稀释制成每 $1\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 中浓度分别为 ${0.43}\text{、}{0.54}\text{、}{2.16}\text{、}{1.08}\text{、}{4.32}$${10.8\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 标准系列溶液。
采用 6% 氰丙基苯基 -94% 二甲基聚硅氧烷为固定液的毛细管柱 $\left({{30}\mathrm{\;m}\times {0.320}\mathrm{\;{mm}},{0.25\mu }\mathrm{m}}\right)$ ,起始温度为 ${50}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ ,维持 6 分钟,以每分钟 ${50}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 的速率升温至 ${200}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ ,维持 3 分钟; 检测器温度为 ${250}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ ; 进样口温度为 ${200}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ ; 顶空瓶平衡温度为 ${80}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ ,平衡时间为 30 分钟; 氮气流速为 $1\mathrm{\;{mL}}/\mathrm{{min}}$ ; 分流比为 ${50}: 1$ ,取上述标准系列溶液分别进样,进行色谱分析,以标准系列溶液浓度为横坐标,峰面积为纵坐标,将峰面积(y)与浓度(x)作线性回归,得回归方程为 $y ={110.92x}+ {98.512}\left({r ={0.99}}\right)\left({n = 5}\right)$ 。 结果表明,乙醇浓度线性范围为 ${0.43}\sim {10.8\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 。乙醇浓度标准曲线见 图 1
检出限:在设定的色谱条件下,将标准溶液逐级稀释,直至其峰高约为噪声的 3 倍,以 3 倍的信噪比 $\left({\mathrm{S}/\mathrm{N}= 3}\right)$ 确定检出限 (LOD),以 $\mathrm{S}/\mathrm{N}= {10}$ 确定定量限 (LOQ),乙醇的检出限和定量限是 ${0.2\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$${1.0\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$
精密称取批号 A230415F1 样品 0.5114 g;置顶空瓶中,精密量取水 $5\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 加入顶空瓶,密封。采用 $6\%$ 氰丙基苯基 $-{94}\%$ 二甲基聚硅氧烷为固定液的毛细管柱 $({30}\mathrm{\;m}\times {0.320}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ , ${0.25\mu }\mathrm{m}$ ),起始温度为 ${50}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ ,维持 6 分钟,以每分钟 ${50}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 的速率升温至 ${200}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ ,维持 3 分钟;检测器温度为 ${250}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ ;进样口温度为 ${200}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ ; 顶空瓶平衡温度为 ${80}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ ,平衡时间为 30 分钟 [ 5 ] ; 氮气流速为 $1\mathrm{\;{mL}}/\mathrm{{min}}$ ;分流比为 ${50}: 1$ 色谱条件及测定方法进行,进样 5 次,记录峰面积 90.07091 、91.07304 、90.57162 、 92.06702、91.13542。测得乙醇峰面积的 RSD 为 2.6%。
精密称取批号 A230415F1 样品 ${0.5}\mathrm{g}$ ,共 6 份。分别精密加入 “2.2” 标准储备溶液项下标准系列溶液浓度 ${0.54\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$$1\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ ,置顶空瓶中,密封。采用 1.3.3 色谱条件进样测定。试验结果,回收率在 87.04%~94.45% 之间, RSD=0.17%(n=6)。 回收率测定结果表见 表 1
取供试品溶液 3 批, 与对照品溶液分别按 1.3.3 色谱条件顶空进样, 记录色谱图。按外标法以峰面积计算, 均检测出乙醇。 3 批次样品乙醇残留量均符合限度要求。结果见 表 2
对照品与样品图谱如 图 2图 3
(1)方法的选择:药品中的乙醇、氯仿、乙酸乙酯等残留溶剂在生产工艺过程中未能完全去除, 应根据该药品生产工艺的特点, 制定检测其残留量限度的方法, 使其符合产品规范、 药品生产质量管理规范或其他基本的质量要求 [ 6 ] 。测定药品中残留溶剂的方法有干燥失重测定法、分光光度法、气相色谱法。 干燥失重法只能对其总量分析而无法对定性鉴别, 而且水分也会干扰残留溶剂的测定。分光光度法也通常利用特定溶剂和特定化学试剂的反应测定药品中的残留溶剂, 虽然专属性尚可, 但灵敏度较低。气相色谱法是一种常见检测残留溶剂的方法, 不但具有良好的分离能力和高灵敏度, 特别是和药品中残留溶剂的复杂样品的分析。可以分为毛细管柱顶空进样法、毛细管柱顶空进样程序升温法和溶液直接进样法 [ 7 ] 。溶液直接进样法一般用于沸点高的甲酰胺、乙二醇等。溶液直接进样法容易造成进样器和色谱柱污染,会在色谱柱上出现死吸附。乙醇沸点 ${78.4}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ ,沸点低,根据供试品中残留溶剂的沸点选择顶空平衡温度,对沸点高的残留溶剂一般选择较高的平衡温度 [ 8 ] 。本法采用毛细管柱顶空进样程序升温法, 顶空进样程序升温法可以通过加热, 将样品中挥发性成分在顶空瓶上部富集, 不仅可以避免药物的影响,而且可以保护色谱柱,效果较好 [ 9 ]
(2)顶空进样条件的选择:主要是顶空平衡温度和顶空平衡时间。乙醇沸点低,为了提高灵敏度,选择顶空瓶平衡温度为 ${80}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ ,以保证供试品溶液的气 - 液两相有足够的时间达到平衡 [ 10 ] 。顶空平衡时间一般为 ${30}\sim {45}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ ,本方法平衡时间为 ${30}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ ,平衡时间过长,可能引起顶空瓶的气密性变差,导致定量准确性降低。
目前药品原料中的残留量研究较多, 而忽视了对制剂中残留量的研究, 药品所含的残留溶剂增加药用辅料的毒副作用, 会对人体或环境产生危害,因此对残留溶剂的控制已越来越受到人们的关注。早期测定药品中残留溶剂的方法有干燥失重法, 分光光度法, 目前残留溶剂方法被气相色谱法取代。气相色谱法分离能力好, 灵敏度高, 特别适合药品中残留溶剂复杂样品的分析。乙醇属于第三类溶剂(药品 GMP 或其他质量要求限制使用), 限度要求 0.5%, 本文采用毛细管柱顶空进样程序升温气相色谱检测法, 3 批样品残留溶剂均符合规定。结果显示, 该检测方法样品前处理简便、操作性强、检测成本低, 可用于单硝酸异山梨酯缓释片中乙醇残留量的检测。
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2024年第2卷第10期
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    1 周口市产品质量检验检测中心 周口 466000
    2 温县产品质量检验检测中心 焦作 454000
    3 濮阳市个体私营经济发展指导中心 濮阳 457000

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*邵雪力,副主任药师,副主任,研究方向:药品、化妆品检验检测。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
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Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
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species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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