Article(id=1156918078052323782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1156918076408160985, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753760364306, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753760364306, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753760364306, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753760364306, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156918076408160985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, year='2024', volume='2', issue='10', pageStart='2', pageEnd='170', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1753760363913, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753785172282, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157022130291434434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1156918076408160985, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157022130291434435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1156918076408160985, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=87, endPage=90, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156918079524524504, articleId=1156918078052323782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, language=EN, title=Assessment of ochratoxin A exposure in Gejie Dingchuan Pills and evaluation of its maximum limit levels, columnId=1156641066674676444, journalTitle=Laboratory Testing, columnName=Evaluation and Analysis, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective Evaluation of ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination inGejie Dingchuan Pills. Methods Eighty-six samples from sevenpharmaceutical manufacturers were analyzed for OTA content usingultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Results The method displayed excellent linearity within the range ofconcentrations ${0.1}\sim {10}\mathrm{{ng}}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ .The limits of detection and quantification were ${0.2}\mathrm{{\mu g}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ and $1\mathrm{{\mu g}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ ,respectively. Seventy-two samples were detected to be contaminated withOTA, resulting in an 84% positive rate. Furthermore, ten samples failedto meet the required standards, reflecting a failure rate of 12%. Theactual sample test results showed that the OTA detection rate of GejieDingchuan pills was high and the pollution was serious, which suggestedthe urgency of detecting and determining the maximum OTA limit ofproprietary Chinese medicine. Conclusion This study assesses the extentof OTA contamination in Gejie Dingchuan pills, offering a scientificbasis for future investigations of OTA maximum limits in Chineseproprietary medicines.

, correspAuthors=Xiao-Yi HUA, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*HUA Xiao-Yi, Ph.D, Deputy Chief Pharmacist, Wuxi Institute of Drug Safety Control, Wuxi 214000, China. E-mail:
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目的 评估蛤蚧定喘丸中赭曲霉毒素 A(OTA)的污染情况。方法 收集 7家药品生产企业共 86 批蛤蚧定喘丸样品,采用超高效液相色谱-质谱串联法检测OTA 含量。结果 OTA 在浓度 0.1~10 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好。该方法的检出限为 ${0.2\mu}\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ ,定量限为 ${1\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ 。共检出OTA 污染样品 72 批,抽样检出率为 ${84}\%$ ,检出不合格样品 10批,抽样不合格率为 12%。实际样品检测结果表明,蛤蚧定喘丸中 OTA检出率较高,污染情况严重,提示了检测和确定中成药 OTA最高限量的紧迫性。结论 本研究评估了蛤蚧定喘丸中 OTA 的污染程度,为今后研究中成药中 OTA 最大限量的研究提供了科学依据。

, correspAuthors=华小懿, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*华小懿,博士,副主任药师,研究方向:药品质量控制和药品质量标准研究。E-mail:
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黄晓燕,硕士,主管药师,研究方向:中药饮片、中成药及化妆品的检验。

华小懿,博士,副主任药师,研究方向:药品质量控制和药品质量标准研究。

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A. 试剂空白溶液 B. 阴性样品溶液 C. 阳性样品溶液 D. 对照品溶液

, figureFileSmall=g6A94ZbRT9R8czv7Bj0fyw==, figureFileBig=a2T4OldDGA96Hy17ZFURaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156918118099538185, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156918078052323782, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Pie charts of OTA concentration in water honey and small/ big honey pills, figureFileSmall=gTPfrfSDDx/r1xxKpqGIvQ==, figureFileBig=YAp0PSIzQWNwK5LuN0FVKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156918118154064139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156918078052323782, language=CN, label=图 2, caption=水蜜丸与小 / 大蜜丸中赭曲霉毒素 A 含量饼图, figureFileSmall=gTPfrfSDDx/r1xxKpqGIvQ==, figureFileBig=YAp0PSIzQWNwK5LuN0FVKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156918118237950224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156918078052323782, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Gradient elution conditions, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间(min) 流动相 $\mathrm{A}\left(\%\right)$ 流动相 $\mathrm{B}\left(\%\right)$
0~5 ${45}\rightarrow {10}$ 55-90
5~7 10 90
7~7.1 ${10}\rightarrow {45}$ 90-955
7.1~10 45 55
), ArticleFig(id=1156918118309253394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156918078052323782, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=梯度洗脱程序, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间(min) 流动相 $\mathrm{A}\left(\%\right)$ 流动相 $\mathrm{B}\left(\%\right)$
0~5 ${45}\rightarrow {10}$ 55-90
5~7 10 90
7~7.1 ${10}\rightarrow {45}$ 90-955
7.1~10 45 55
), ArticleFig(id=1156918118363779346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156918078052323782, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) parameters, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
中文名 定量离子对 CE 定性离子对 CE
赭曲霉毒素 A ${402.1}\rightarrow {358.1}$ -28 402.1 $\rightarrow {166.9}$ -47
), ArticleFig(id=1156918118414110996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156918078052323782, language=CN, label=表 2, caption=多重反应监测参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
中文名 定量离子对 CE 定性离子对 CE
赭曲霉毒素 A ${402.1}\rightarrow {358.1}$ -28 402.1 $\rightarrow {166.9}$ -47
), ArticleFig(id=1156918118477025559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156918078052323782, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=Recovery tests, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
加标水平(ng) 平均回收率(%) 相对标准偏差(%)
20 92.2 1.3
100 89.1 1.1
400 86.8 1.3
), ArticleFig(id=1156918118531551513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156918078052323782, language=CN, label=表 3, caption=回收率试验, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
加标水平(ng) 平均回收率(%) 相对标准偏差(%)
20 92.2 1.3
100 89.1 1.1
400 86.8 1.3
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蛤蚧定喘丸中赭曲霉毒素A的暴露量及其最大限值评估
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黄晓燕 1 , 宋家鸿 1 , 吴越 1 , 吴剑虹 2 , 华小懿 1, *
实验室检测 | 评价与分析 2024,2(10): 87-90
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实验室检测 | 评价与分析 2024, 2(10): 87-90
蛤蚧定喘丸中赭曲霉毒素A的暴露量及其最大限值评估
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黄晓燕1, 宋家鸿1, 吴越1, 吴剑虹2, 华小懿1, *
作者信息
  • 1 无锡市药品安全检验检测中心 无锡 214000
  • 2 江南大学附属精神卫生中心 无锡 214000
  • 黄晓燕,硕士,主管药师,研究方向:中药饮片、中成药及化妆品的检验。

    华小懿,博士,副主任药师,研究方向:药品质量控制和药品质量标准研究。

通讯作者:

*华小懿,博士,副主任药师,研究方向:药品质量控制和药品质量标准研究。E-mail:
Assessment of ochratoxin A exposure in Gejie Dingchuan Pills and evaluation of its maximum limit levels
Xiao-Yan HUANG1, Jia-Hong SONG1, Yue WU1, Jian-Hong WU2, Xiao-Yi HUA1, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Wuxi Institute of Drug Safety Control Wuxi 214000 China
  • 2 The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University Wuxi 214000 China
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目的 评估蛤蚧定喘丸中赭曲霉毒素 A(OTA)的污染情况。方法 收集 7家药品生产企业共 86 批蛤蚧定喘丸样品,采用超高效液相色谱-质谱串联法检测OTA 含量。结果 OTA 在浓度 0.1~10 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好。该方法的检出限为 ${0.2\mu}\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ ,定量限为 ${1\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ 。共检出OTA 污染样品 72 批,抽样检出率为 ${84}\%$ ,检出不合格样品 10批,抽样不合格率为 12%。实际样品检测结果表明,蛤蚧定喘丸中 OTA检出率较高,污染情况严重,提示了检测和确定中成药 OTA最高限量的紧迫性。结论 本研究评估了蛤蚧定喘丸中 OTA 的污染程度,为今后研究中成药中 OTA 最大限量的研究提供了科学依据。

赭曲霉毒素 A  /  蛤蚧定喘丸  /  最高限量  /  中成药

Objective Evaluation of ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination inGejie Dingchuan Pills. Methods Eighty-six samples from sevenpharmaceutical manufacturers were analyzed for OTA content usingultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Results The method displayed excellent linearity within the range ofconcentrations ${0.1}\sim {10}\mathrm{{ng}}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ .The limits of detection and quantification were ${0.2}\mathrm{{\mu g}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ and $1\mathrm{{\mu g}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ ,respectively. Seventy-two samples were detected to be contaminated withOTA, resulting in an 84% positive rate. Furthermore, ten samples failedto meet the required standards, reflecting a failure rate of 12%. Theactual sample test results showed that the OTA detection rate of GejieDingchuan pills was high and the pollution was serious, which suggestedthe urgency of detecting and determining the maximum OTA limit ofproprietary Chinese medicine. Conclusion This study assesses the extentof OTA contamination in Gejie Dingchuan pills, offering a scientificbasis for future investigations of OTA maximum limits in Chineseproprietary medicines.

ochratoxin A (OTA)  /  Gejie Dingchuan Pills  /  maximum limit  /  Chinese proprietary medicine
黄晓燕, 宋家鸿, 吴越, 吴剑虹, 华小懿. 蛤蚧定喘丸中赭曲霉毒素A的暴露量及其最大限值评估. 实验室检测, 2024 , 2 (10) : 87 -90 .
Xiao-Yan HUANG, Jia-Hong SONG, Yue WU, Jian-Hong WU, Xiao-Yi HUA. Assessment of ochratoxin A exposure in Gejie Dingchuan Pills and evaluation of its maximum limit levels[J]. Laboratory Testing, 2024 , 2 (10) : 87 -90 .
赭曲霉毒素 A (ochratoxin A, OTA) 可能会对肾脏造成严重损害, 自 1993 年以来一直被国际癌症研究机构 (International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC) 归类为 $2\mathrm{\;B}$ 组。赭曲霉毒素是由赭曲霉菌和几种青霉菌产生的一组结构相似的霉菌毒素 [ 1 - 2 ] 。主要包括赭曲霉毒素 A (OTA)、B (OTB)、C (OTC)等, 其中 OTA 毒性最大 [ 3 ] 。OTA 诱导毒性的主要靶器官是肾脏。 然而, 急性 OTA 暴露也可导致其他各种器官和组织的细胞毒性, 包括肝脏、胃肠道和淋巴组织 [ 4 ]
目前国内外对食品中 OTA 的污染情况比较重视, 已建立了较为完善的法规限量体系 [ 5 - 7 ] 。然而,中药中 OTA 的限量标准研究还相对比较薄弱, 仅对药食同源的一些中药材如辣椒、肉豆蔻、干姜、甘草等规定了赭曲霉毒素A限量[8]-[9] ,缺少中成药中赭曲霉毒素A的限量规定。
OTA 广泛存在于各种作物和草药中 [ 10 - 14 ] ,而蛤蚧定喘丸中共有 14 味药材,均为生粉入药,如储存不当,容易发生霉变。 受污染的草药中存在的 OTA 将转移到最终制剂中, 并且可能由于储存不当而存在额外的积累风险。本研究的目的是评估蛤蚧定喘丸中 OTA 的污染情况。检测了来自 7 家药品生产企业共 86 批样品, 并对结果进行分析, 为制定中成药中赭曲霉毒素 A 限量标准提供科学依据。
仪器: Aglient 1290 高效液相色谱 $-\mathrm{{AB}}{4500}\mathrm{Q}$ 质谱联用; 梅特勒 XS205DU 型电子分析天平 (0.01 mg); Elma S100H 超声波清洗机;Thermo Sorvall ST16 高速离心机;Millipore Milli-Q 超纯水仪。
试剂:甲醇(质谱级,默克股份有限公司);甲酸(质谱级, 赛默飞世尔科技有限公司);氯化钠(分析纯,国药集团化学试剂有限公司), 磷酸氢二钠 (分析纯, 国药集团化学试剂有限公司),磷酸二氢钾 (分析纯,国药集团化学试剂有限公司),氯化钾(分析纯,国药集团化学试剂有限公司),浓盐酸(UP 级,苏州晶瑞有限公司), 碳酸氢钠 (分析纯, 国药集团化学试剂有限公司),吐温 -20 (分析纯,国药集团化学试剂有限公司),水为超纯水。
对照品:赭曲霉毒素 A 标准品(批号 S111581,天津阿尔塔科技有限公司)。
以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂, 0.1% 甲酸溶液为流动相 A,以甲醇为流动相 B,流速: ${0.3}\mathrm{\;{mL}}/\mathrm{{min}}$ ;按 表 1 中的规定进行梯度洗脱。
以三重四极杆质谱仪检测;电喷雾离子源(ESI), MRM 模式, 采集模式为负离子模式;监测离子对和碰撞电压(CE)见 表 2
对照品溶液的制备: 精密量取赭曲霉毒素A对照品(标示浓度为 ${100.1\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ ) ${1.0}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ ,置 ${100}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 量瓶中,加甲醇定容至刻度制成每 $1\mathrm{\;{mL}}$${1000}\mathrm{{ng}}$ 的溶液,作为贮备溶液。精密量取贮备溶液,用甲醇稀释成浓度为 2.0、4.0、8.0、20.0、40.0、 80.0、200.0 ng/mL 的系列对照品溶液,即得。
基质混合对照品溶液的制备:取空白基质样品 $5\mathrm{\;g}$ ,同供试品溶液的制备方法处理至 “置 $2\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 量瓶中”,分别精密加入上述系列对照品溶液 ${0.1}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ ,并用甲醇稀释至刻度,摇匀,用微孔滤膜 (0.22μm) 滤过,取续滤液,即得。
供试品溶液的制备:取供试品粉末约 $5\mathrm{\;g}$ (过二号筛),精密称定,置于锥形瓶中,加入氯化钠 $1\mathrm{g}$ ,精密加入 ${80}\%$ 甲醇溶液 ${50}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ ,超声 30 分钟,离心 10 分钟 (离心速度 ${4000}\mathrm{r}/\mathrm{{min}}$ ), 精密量取上清液 ${10}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ ,置 ${50}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 量瓶中,用 PBS 缓冲液(称取 ${8.0}\mathrm{\;g}$ 氯化钠, ${1.44}\mathrm{\;g}$ 磷酸氢二钠, ${0.24}\mathrm{\;g}$ 磷酸二氢钾, ${0.2}\mathrm{\;g}$ 氯化钾,用 990 mL 纯水溶解,然后用浓盐酸调节 $\mathrm{{pH}}$ 值至 7.0, 最后用纯水稀释至 ${1000}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ ) 稀释至刻度,摇匀,离心 10 分钟 (离心速度 ${4000}\mathrm{r}/\mathrm{{min}}$ ),精密量取上清液 ${10}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ ,通过免疫亲和柱, 流速每分钟 $3\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ ,用真菌毒素清洗液(称取 ${25}\mathrm{\;g}$ 氯化钠, $5\mathrm{\;g}$ 碳酸氢钠溶于 ${900}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 水中,加入 ${0.1}\mathrm{{mL}}$ 吐温 -20,用水定容至 1 L) ${10}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 洗脱,再用 PBS 缓冲液 ${10}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 洗脱,弃去洗脱液, 使空气进入柱子,将水挤出柱子,再用 ${1.5}\mathrm{{mL}}$ 甲醇洗脱,收集洗脱液,置 $2\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 量瓶中,并用甲醇稀释至刻度,摇匀,用微孔滤膜 (0.22μm) 滤过,取续滤液,即得。
试剂空白溶液的制备:同法制备试剂空白溶液。
精密吸取上述基质混合对照品溶液各 ${5\mu }\mathrm{L}$ ,注入高效液相色谱 - 质谱仪,测定峰面积,以峰面积为纵坐标,进样浓度为横坐标,绘制标准曲线。另精密吸取上述供试品溶液 ${5\mu }\mathrm{L}$ ,注入高效液相色谱 - 质谱仪, 测定峰面积, 从标准曲线上读出供试品中相当于赭曲霉毒素 A 的浓度,计算,即得。
采用试剂空白溶液、阴性样品溶液、阳性样品溶液和对照品溶液进行检测, 其中目标成分出峰处空白样品溶液无干扰 (详见 图 1 赭曲霉毒素 A 专属性试验特征离子质谱图),说明该方法的专属性良好。
在以上的测定条件下, 制得标准曲线。结果表明, 赭曲霉毒素 A在浓度 ${0.1}\sim {10}\mathrm{{ng}}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为 0.998,线性回归方程为 $y ={7.513}\times {10}^{4}x +{317.984}$ 。该方法的检出限为 ${0.2\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ ,定量限为 ${1\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{kg}}$
取编号为 YP15 的供试品 6 份, 按照 “1.3.2” 项下方法制备供试品溶液,按照 “1.2” 项下色谱 - 质谱条件进行检测,计算赭曲霉毒素 A 的含量,结果 RSD% 为 1.9% $\left({n = 6}\right)$ ,表明该方法重复性良好。
取对照品溶液 S5, 重复进样 6 次, 按照 “1.2” 项下色谱 - 质谱条件进行检测,记录峰面积。峰面积 $\mathrm{{RSD}}\%$${0.6}\%\left({n = 6}\right)$ , 表明该方法精密度良好。
取编号为 YP27 供试品 2.5g (共 9 份),精密称定,分别添加低、中、高三个水平 (每个水平各三份) 的对照品溶液进行回收试验。低浓度水平添加对照品 ${20}\mathrm{{ng}}$ ,中浓度水平添加 ${100}\mathrm{{ng}}$ ,高浓度水平添加 ${400}\mathrm{{ng}}$ ,按照 “1.3.2” 项下的方法制成供试品溶液,按照 “1.2” 项下色谱一质谱条件进行检测。赭曲霉毒素A的平均回收率在 86.8%~92.2% 之间,相对标准偏差在 1.1%~1.3% 之间。结果详见 表 3 回收率试验结果。
按照拟定的方法对 86 批蛤蚧定喘丸(水蜜丸 68 批次、大蜜丸 14 批次、小蜜丸 4 批次)进行测定。
目前国内外尚无中成药中赭曲霉毒素 $\mathrm{A}$ 的限量值规定,《欧洲药典》第 11 版中对甘草中赭曲霉毒素 A 的最大限度规定为 ${20\mu }\mathrm{g}/{\mathrm{{kg}}}$[8] ,《上海市中药饮片炮制规范》中对黄芪中赭曲霉毒素 $\mathrm{A}$ 的最大限量值规定为 ${20\mu }\mathrm{g}/{\mathrm{{kg}}}$[15] 。粮农组织/世界卫生组织联合专家委员会食品添加剂(JECFA)第六十八次会议将赭曲霉毒素 A 的每周允许摄入量规定为 ${100}\mathrm{{ng}}/\mathrm{{kg}}\mathrm{{bw}}(\mathrm{{bw}}$ 为体重, 单位 $\mathrm{{kg}}{)}$[16] ,相应的每日允许摄入量规定为 ${14}\mathrm{{ng}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ bw,体重为 ${60}\mathrm{\;{kg}}$ 的成年人每日最大允许量为 ${840}\mathrm{\;{ng}}$ 。蛤蚧定喘丸中水蜜丸每日最大服用量为 ${12}\mathrm{g}$ ,小蜜丸和大蜜丸每日最大服用量为 ${18}\mathrm{\;g}$ ,以每日最大允许量 ${840}\mathrm{\;{ng}}$ 折算蛤蚧定喘丸中的限度, 相应的限度分别为 ${70\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ (水蜜丸)和 ${47\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ (大蜜丸、小蜜丸)。
在 86 个样品中, 72 个样品被检出赭曲霉毒素 A, 阳性率为 84%。此外, 仅 12% 的水蜜丸和 33% 的小 / 大蜜丸样品未检出赭曲霉毒素 A。如 图 2 所示, 10% 的水蜜丸和 17% 的小 / 大蜜丸样品中的赭曲霉毒素 A 含量超过了本文中规定的限值(水蜜丸 ${70\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ ,小/大蜜丸 ${47\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ )。
赭曲霉毒素A是一种具有肾毒性和神经毒性的真菌毒素, 会对人体的肾脏、肝脏等造成严重的损害。赭曲霉毒素A广泛存在于霉变的谷物和中药材中, 这种霉变不仅会影响中药材的质量和药效,也会对服用药材的患者造成严重的健康危害。因此有必要对中成药中的赭曲霉毒素 $\mathrm{A}$ 进行检测,以确保中成药的安全性和有效性。
近年来, 真菌毒素检测愈发受到重视, 2020 年版《中华人民共和国药典》中收载了多种真菌毒素的检测方法, 包括高效液相法和液相色谱 - 串联质谱法 [ 17 ] 。液相色谱 - 串联质谱法用于真菌毒素检测具有灵敏度高、准确度高、适用性强等特点, 是目前真菌毒素检测领域广泛应用的技术之一。
本文采用免疫亲和柱法对样品进行前处理, 使用液相色谱 - 串联质谱法对赭曲霉毒素 $\mathrm{A}$ 进行检测,通过方法学考察,表明该方法重复性好、灵敏高、抗干扰性强,可用于实际样品中赭曲霉毒素 A 的检测和定量。使用该方法对 86 批蛤蚧定喘丸样品进行了检测,其中共有 72 批检出赭曲霉毒素 A,抽样检出率为 84%,阳性检出率较高,值得引起关注。共 42 批样品的赭曲霉毒素 A含量超过 ${20\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ ,占比 ${49}\%$ 。鉴于中成药中赭曲霉毒素 A 污染的高风险性以及其对人体的毒性影响, 建议增加相关限量值规定, 以加强中成药生产各环节对赭曲霉毒素 A 的防控, 保证中成药安全性, 全面提升中成药质量。目前 2020 年版《中国药典》中尚无关于中成药中赭曲霉毒素A的限量规定,本文报道的结果可作为未来制定中成药中赭曲霉毒素 $\mathrm{A}$ 限值的参考数据。
  • 江苏省市场监督管理局科技计划项目《动物药和矿物药质量控制的研究》(KJ2023044)
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Jiangsu Provincial Market Supervision Administration Science and Technology Plan Project "Research on Quality Control of Animal Drugs and Mineral Drugs"(KJ2023044)
江苏省市场监督管理局科技计划项目《动物药和矿物药质量控制的研究》(KJ2023044)
作者信息
    1 无锡市药品安全检验检测中心 无锡 214000
    2 江南大学附属精神卫生中心 无锡 214000

通讯作者:

*华小懿,博士,副主任药师,研究方向:药品质量控制和药品质量标准研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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