Article(id=1156918077418988253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1156918076408160985, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753760364154, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753760364154, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753760364154, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753760364154, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156918076408160985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, year='2024', volume='2', issue='10', pageStart='2', pageEnd='170', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1753760363913, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753785172282, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157022130291434434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1156918076408160985, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157022130291434435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1156918076408160985, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=9, endPage=14, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156918078371095270, articleId=1156918077418988253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, language=EN, title=Determination content of xylo-oligosaccharides in high gelatinization-baked foods by high performance liquid chromatography with refractive indexdetector, columnId=1156918077641281985, journalTitle=Laboratory Testing, columnName=Special Topic: Research Papers on International Trade Food Science Research Institute, COFCO Group, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To established an analytical method for indirectdetermination of xylo-oligosaccharides in high gelatinization-bakedfoods by high performance liquid chromatography with refractive indexdetector. Methods After degreased with petroleum ether, the samples wereextracted with 20% ethanol solution, and macromolecular sugars such asdextrin and starch were precipitated with 68% ethanol solution. Thesugars in the extraction solution were hydrolyzed into monosaccharidesby diluted sulfuric acid, the solution before and after hydrolysis wasseparated by amide column, detected by refractive index detector, andquantified by external standard method. The product between thedifference of xylose before and after hydrolysis and the averageconversion coefficient of xylo-oligosaccharides and xylose was thexylo-oligosaccharides. Results When the xylose was ${0.25}\sim {5.00}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ ,there was a good linear relationship between peak area and concentration $\left({r ={0.9998}}\right)$ . Therecovery rates ranged from 92.0% to 95.8%, the relative standarddeviations (RSDs) were ${1.8}\%\sim {4.0}\%$ in highgelatinization-baked foods. The limit of detection and limit ofquantization of xylo-oligosaccharides were ${0.03}\mathrm{\;g}/{100}\mathrm{\;g},{0.1}\mathrm{\;g}/{100}\mathrm{\;g}$ respectively. Conclusion The extraction method of low concentrationethanol solution is feasible and specific. The method avoided the impactof high gelatinization on the low extraction efficiency and measurementresults. It can determine xylo-oligosaccharides in highgelatinization-baked foods accurately and quickly.

, correspAuthors=Xiu-Hong CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*CHEN Xiu-Hong, Senior Engineer, National Non-Staple Food Quality Inspection and Testing Center, International Trade Food Science Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 102209, China. E-mail:
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目的 建立高效液相色谱-示差折光法间接测定高糊化度-焙烤食品中低聚木糖含量的分析方法。 方法 样品经石油醚脱脂后 20%乙醇水溶液提取,68%乙醇沉淀糊精、淀粉等大分子糖类,提取液中糖被稀硫酸水解为单糖,水解前后的样品溶液经酰胺基柱分离, 示差折光检测器检测,外标法定量。水解前后木糖含量差值乘以低聚木糖与木糖的平均转化系数即得样品中低聚木糖含量。结果 木糖质量浓度为 ${0.25}\sim {5.00}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 时,其峰面积与浓度之间线性关系良好 ( $r={0.9998}$ )。高糊化度 - 焙烤食品中的加标回收率在 92.0%~95.8%之间,相对标准偏差 (relative standard deviation, RSD) 在 ${1.8}\%\sim {4.0}\%$ 之间。低聚木糖检出限为 ${0.03}\mathrm{\;g}/{100}\mathrm{\;g}$ ,定量限为 ${0.1}\mathrm{\;g}/{100}\mathrm{\;g}$ 。结论 本方法采用低浓度乙醇提取样品,避免了样品糊化对低聚木糖包埋降低提取效率及测定结果偏低的影响。方法 操作可行,专一性强,能够准确、快速地测定高糊化度- 焙烤食品中低聚木糖的含量。

, correspAuthors=陈修红, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*陈修红,高级工程师,主要研究方向:食品质量与安全检测。E-mail:
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武亭亭,硕士,主要研究方向:食品质量与安全。

陈修红,高级工程师,主要研究方向:食品质量与安全检测。

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注:木糖的保留时间为 ${6.3}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ ;A:保健饼干空白样品水解前色谱图;B: 保健饼干空白样品水解后色谱图;C: 保健饼干水解前色谱图; D: 保健饼干水解后色谱图。

, figureFileSmall=YUvkwOY9ikbY3uBIHfUO5w==, figureFileBig=d7QeoKjyPQFPXCEHwv/AWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156918132762829557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156918077418988253, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Chromatogram of sample solution of health biscuits before (A) and after (B) hydrolysis, figureFileSmall=V471c7M5fXH6mPUfTBRAaQ==, figureFileBig=AHByoZjxayFG4Cxci2sk4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156918132817355510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156918077418988253, language=CN, label=图 6, caption=保健饼干样品溶液水解前 (A)、水解后 (B) 的色谱图, figureFileSmall=V471c7M5fXH6mPUfTBRAaQ==, figureFileBig=AHByoZjxayFG4Cxci2sk4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156918132876075767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156918077418988253, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Results of recoveries $\left({n = 9}\right)$, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
目标物 本底值 (g/100 g) 加标水平 加标量(mg) 平均测定值 (g/100 g) 回收率(%) 平均回收率(%) RSDs(%)
31.0 1.77 96.8
30.3 1.77 99.0 95.8 4.03
28.4 1.69 91.5
49.4 2.09 93.1
低聚木糖 1.17 49.0 2.11 95.9 93.6 2.29
49.6 2.08 91.7
76.1 2.59 93.3
77.1 2.56 90.1 92.0 1.83
76.7 2.59 92.6
), ArticleFig(id=1156918132951573240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156918077418988253, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=回收率测定结果 $\left({n = 9}\right)$, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
目标物 本底值 (g/100 g) 加标水平 加标量(mg) 平均测定值 (g/100 g) 回收率(%) 平均回收率(%) RSDs(%)
31.0 1.77 96.8
30.3 1.77 99.0 95.8 4.03
28.4 1.69 91.5
49.4 2.09 93.1
低聚木糖 1.17 49.0 2.11 95.9 93.6 2.29
49.6 2.08 91.7
76.1 2.59 93.3
77.1 2.56 90.1 92.0 1.83
76.7 2.59 92.6
), ArticleFig(id=1156918133035459321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156918077418988253, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Test results of xylo-oligosaccharides in actual samples, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 样品名称 测定值 (g/100 g)
1 饼干 1 未检出
2 饼干 2 1.06
3 饼干 3 0.58
4 饼干 4 1.06
5 饼干 5 1.12
6 饼干 6 1.20
), ArticleFig(id=1156918133081596666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156918077418988253, language=CN, label=表 2, caption=实际样品低聚木糖检测结果, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 样品名称 测定值 (g/100 g)
1 饼干 1 未检出
2 饼干 2 1.06
3 饼干 3 0.58
4 饼干 4 1.06
5 饼干 5 1.12
6 饼干 6 1.20
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高效液相色谱-示差折光法间接测定高糊化度-焙烤食品中低聚木糖含量
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武亭亭 1, 2 , 陈娟娟 1, 2 , 刘佳 1, 2 , 何国亮 1, 2 , 赵晨红 1, 2 , 赵士聪 1, 2 , 陈修红 1, 2, *
实验室检测 | 中粮集团国贸食品科学研究院专题 2024,2(10): 9-14
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实验室检测 | 中粮集团国贸食品科学研究院专题 2024, 2(10): 9-14
高效液相色谱-示差折光法间接测定高糊化度-焙烤食品中低聚木糖含量
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武亭亭1, 2, 陈娟娟1, 2, 刘佳1, 2, 何国亮1, 2, 赵晨红1, 2, 赵士聪1, 2, 陈修红1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1 国家副食品质量检验检测中心 国贸食品科学研究院有限公司 北京 102209
  • 2 营养健康与食品安全北京市重点实验室 中粮营养健康研究院有限公司 北京 102209
  • 武亭亭,硕士,主要研究方向:食品质量与安全。

    陈修红,高级工程师,主要研究方向:食品质量与安全检测。

通讯作者:

*陈修红,高级工程师,主要研究方向:食品质量与安全检测。E-mail:
Determination content of xylo-oligosaccharides in high gelatinization-baked foods by high performance liquid chromatography with refractive indexdetector
Ting-Ting WU1, 2, Juan-Juan CHEN1, 2, Jia LIU1, 2, Guo-Liang HE1, 2, Chen-Hong ZHAO1, 2, Shi-Cong ZHAO1, 2, Xiu-Hong CHEN1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1 International Trade Food Science Research Institute Co., Ltd. National Non-Staple Food Quality Inspection and Testing Center Beijing 102209 China
  • 2 Nutrition & Health Research Institute, COFCO Corporation Beijing Key Laboratory of Nutrition Health and Food Safety Beijing 102209 China
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目的 建立高效液相色谱-示差折光法间接测定高糊化度-焙烤食品中低聚木糖含量的分析方法。 方法 样品经石油醚脱脂后 20%乙醇水溶液提取,68%乙醇沉淀糊精、淀粉等大分子糖类,提取液中糖被稀硫酸水解为单糖,水解前后的样品溶液经酰胺基柱分离, 示差折光检测器检测,外标法定量。水解前后木糖含量差值乘以低聚木糖与木糖的平均转化系数即得样品中低聚木糖含量。结果 木糖质量浓度为 ${0.25}\sim {5.00}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 时,其峰面积与浓度之间线性关系良好 ( $r={0.9998}$ )。高糊化度 - 焙烤食品中的加标回收率在 92.0%~95.8%之间,相对标准偏差 (relative standard deviation, RSD) 在 ${1.8}\%\sim {4.0}\%$ 之间。低聚木糖检出限为 ${0.03}\mathrm{\;g}/{100}\mathrm{\;g}$ ,定量限为 ${0.1}\mathrm{\;g}/{100}\mathrm{\;g}$ 。结论 本方法采用低浓度乙醇提取样品,避免了样品糊化对低聚木糖包埋降低提取效率及测定结果偏低的影响。方法 操作可行,专一性强,能够准确、快速地测定高糊化度- 焙烤食品中低聚木糖的含量。

高效液相色谱法  /  低聚木糖  /  高糊化度  /  焙烤食品  /  水解

Objective To established an analytical method for indirectdetermination of xylo-oligosaccharides in high gelatinization-bakedfoods by high performance liquid chromatography with refractive indexdetector. Methods After degreased with petroleum ether, the samples wereextracted with 20% ethanol solution, and macromolecular sugars such asdextrin and starch were precipitated with 68% ethanol solution. Thesugars in the extraction solution were hydrolyzed into monosaccharidesby diluted sulfuric acid, the solution before and after hydrolysis wasseparated by amide column, detected by refractive index detector, andquantified by external standard method. The product between thedifference of xylose before and after hydrolysis and the averageconversion coefficient of xylo-oligosaccharides and xylose was thexylo-oligosaccharides. Results When the xylose was ${0.25}\sim {5.00}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ ,there was a good linear relationship between peak area and concentration $\left({r ={0.9998}}\right)$ . Therecovery rates ranged from 92.0% to 95.8%, the relative standarddeviations (RSDs) were ${1.8}\%\sim {4.0}\%$ in highgelatinization-baked foods. The limit of detection and limit ofquantization of xylo-oligosaccharides were ${0.03}\mathrm{\;g}/{100}\mathrm{\;g},{0.1}\mathrm{\;g}/{100}\mathrm{\;g}$ respectively. Conclusion The extraction method of low concentrationethanol solution is feasible and specific. The method avoided the impactof high gelatinization on the low extraction efficiency and measurementresults. It can determine xylo-oligosaccharides in highgelatinization-baked foods accurately and quickly.

high performance liquid chromatography  /  xylo-oligosaccharides  /  high gelatinization  /  baked foods  /  hydrolysis
武亭亭, 陈娟娟, 刘佳, 何国亮, 赵晨红, 赵士聪, 陈修红. 高效液相色谱-示差折光法间接测定高糊化度-焙烤食品中低聚木糖含量. 实验室检测, 2024 , 2 (10) : 9 -14 .
Ting-Ting WU, Juan-Juan CHEN, Jia LIU, Guo-Liang HE, Chen-Hong ZHAO, Shi-Cong ZHAO, Xiu-Hong CHEN. Determination content of xylo-oligosaccharides in high gelatinization-baked foods by high performance liquid chromatography with refractive indexdetector[J]. Laboratory Testing, 2024 , 2 (10) : 9 -14 .
低聚木糖,又称木寡糖,一般由 2~8 个木糖分子以 $\beta - 1,4$ 糖苷键连接而成的功能性聚合糖, 有效成分为木二糖、木三糖、 木四糖、木五糖 [ 1 ] 。低聚木糖是一种水溶性膳食纤维,它以木质纤维素类生物质为原料, 经萃取、酶解、分离、纯化等过程加工而成,是自然界中含量极其丰富的一类生物聚合糖 [ 2 - 4 ] ,也是实现作物秸秆等农副产品高值利用的新型益生元产品。XOS 作为一种功能性低聚糖,理化性质稳定,在 $\mathrm{{pH}}{2.5}\sim {8.0}\text{、}{100}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 加热 $1\mathrm{\;h}$ 条件下几乎不分解,具有耐酸耐热的特性; 甜度低于蔗糖和葡萄糖,仅为蔗糖的 50%,甜味与蔗糖相似 [ 5 ] ;因其独特的 $\beta - 1,4$ 糖苷键不被人体消化酶系统分解,能量值几乎为零, 可最大限度地满足糖尿病、肥胖病等特殊人群对甜品的需求; 益生菌增殖效果显著, 可实现低摄入量、高选择性地增殖双歧杆菌,对改善肠道环境具有显著作用 [ 6 ] ; 同时还具有促进矿物质吸收、抗氧化、抗癌等生物学特性 [ 7 - 9 ] 。XOS 作为一种绿色的新型添加剂,在农业 [ 10 ] 、保健品 [ 11 ] 、医药 [ 12 ] 、饲料 [ 13 ] 、食品及化妆品 [ 14 ] 等领域具有应用广泛的应用前景。
目前报道的低聚木糖检测方法有薄层层析色谱法、气相色谱 - 质谱法以及液相色谱法等,主要针对其原料 [ 15 - 16 ] 或简单基质保健食品 [ 17 - 19 ] 、饮料 [ 20 ] 、乳制品 [ 21 ] 等。然而含有淀粉、油脂、蛋白质及其他糖类等复杂食品基质会对 XOS 含量测定产生干扰, 尤其高糊化度 - 焙烤食品因其含有大量淀粉, 同时添加饱腹感的魔芋精粉, 遇水后迅速发生高度糊化, 按常规方法使用乙醇净化时, 低聚木糖会被糊化淀粉裹挟并共同沉淀, 导致样品提取不完全,从而影响测定准确度。
本研究拟选用 “乙醇沉淀去除多糖、胶体,乙酸锌沉淀去除蛋白质, 石油醚分离移除脂肪”中的一种或多种结合的方法提纯样品中的低聚木糖, 提取液经硫酸溶液水解成木糖, 使用高效液相色谱仪分别测定样品水解前后木糖的含量, 水解后与水解前木糖含量的差值乘以低聚木糖和木糖的平均转化系数即得样品中低聚木糖的含量。本研究建立了一种检测高糊化度 - 焙烤食品中低聚木糖的高效液相色谱方法, 通过对检验方法参数的优化, 为推广和研究低聚木糖在这类食品中的应用提供技术支撑。
焙烤食品 - 保健饼干样品(配料: 小麦粉、魔芋粉、低聚木糖、 食用油等)、焙烤食品 - 保健饼干空白样品 (配料:除未添加低聚木糖, 其他同) 为某保健食品有限公司试制。
焙烤食品 - 饼干样品(配料:小麦粉、食用油等)由超市购得。
木糖标准品 (CAS:58-86-6,标准值≥99.7%,中国计量科学研究院);浓硫酸(优级纯)、氢氧化钠(分析纯)、无水乙醇(分析纯)、石油醚(沸程 30~60°C,分析纯)、乙腈(色谱纯)(国药集团化学试剂有限公司);氨水(色谱纯,美国 Sigma 公司);广谱 $\mathrm{{pH}}$ 试纸 (杭州试三科技有限公司); 实验室用水符合国家标准 GB/T 6682-2008《分析实验室用水规格和试验方法》规定的一级水,使用前制备。
1260 型高效液相色谱仪配示差折光检测器(Chemstation B 04.01 色谱工作站,美国 Agilent 公司);GM 2000 刀式研磨仪(德国 Retsch 公司);Allegra 64R 高速冷冻离心机(美国 Beckman 公司);SR-2DS 振荡器 (日本 TAITEC 公司);KQ-500DB 型数控超声波清洗器(昆山市超声仪器);BPG-9070A 精密鼓风干燥箱 (上海一恒科学仪器); BSA 224-CW 天平 (感量 0.0001 g, 美国 Sartorius 公司); Syncore Analyst 多样品平行蒸发定量浓缩仪 (瑞士 Buchi 公司); Milli-Q 超纯水系统 (德国 Merck 公司); Waters XBridge BEH Amide 酰胺基柱(250 mm ×4.6 mm,5 μm, 美国 Waters 公司)。
提取液:量取 ${200}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 无水乙醇,加入水定容至 $1\mathrm{\;L}$ ,混匀, 配制成 20% 乙醇水溶液。
${4.0}\mathrm{\;{mol}}/\mathrm{L}$ 硫酸:取 ${55}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 浓硫酸,缓缓加到 ${150}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 水中, 边加边搅拌,冷却后用水稀释至 ${250}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$
20% 氢氧化钠中和液:称取 ${20.0}\mathrm{\;g}$ 氢氧化钠,加入 ${80}\mathrm{\;g}$ 水, 溶解混匀。
木糖标准储备液:精密称取木糖标准品 ${100.0}\mathrm{{mg}}$ (精确至 ${0.0001}\mathrm{\;g}$ ),加水溶解定容至 ${10}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ ,得质量浓度为 ${10.0}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 的标准储备液,于 $-{18}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 条件下保存, 6 个月内稳定。木糖标准工作液:精密量取储备液进行逐级稀释,配制木糖质量浓度为 0.25、0.50、1.00、2.00、5.00 mg/mL 的系列标准工作液。
水解前样品处理: 准确称取样品 ${5.0}\mathrm{\;g}$ (精确至 ${0.001}\mathrm{\;g}$ ) 于 ${50}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 离心管中,加入 ${10}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 石油醚,涡旋振摇 $2\mathrm{\;{min}}$ ,以 ${8000}\mathrm{r}/\mathrm{{min}}$ 转速离心 $5\mathrm{\;{min}}$ 后分离石油醚,可重复以上步骤至去除脂类, ${70}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 水浴氮吹除去残存石油醚,加入 ${20}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 提取液溶解,涡旋, ${40}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 水浴中超声 ${30}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ ,并每隔 ${10}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ 振摇,冷却, 慢加快摇地加入无水乙醇至 ${50}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ ,混匀,离心 $({8000}\mathrm{r}/\mathrm{{min}}$ , $5\mathrm{\;{min}}$ ),转移上清液备用。残渣再重复提取一次,合并两次上清液并用无水乙醇定容至 ${100}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 。取 ${50.0}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ ,置于蒸发定量浓缩仪 ${70}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 下蒸发至近干,加 ${25.0}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 水复溶,即得水解前样品处理溶液 ${M}_{1}$ ,经 ${0.45\mu }\mathrm{m}$ 尼龙滤膜过滤,上机待测。
水解后样品处理: 准确量取水解前样品处理溶液 ${10.0}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 于水解管中,加入 ${1.8}\mathrm{\;{mL}}{4.0}\mathrm{\;{mol}}/\mathrm{L}$ 硫酸溶液,干燥箱中 ${100}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 酸解 ${100}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ 后,冷却至室温,用 ${20}\%\mathrm{{NaOH}}$ 溶液调至 $\mathrm{{pH}}5 \sim 7$ ,加无水乙醇定容至 ${50}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ ,以 8000 r/min 速度离心 $5\mathrm{\;{min}}$ ,取上清液 ${5.0}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ ,于 ${70}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 下氮吹至干,加 ${2.0}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 水溶解残渣,即得水解后样品处理溶液 ${M}_{2}$ ,经 ${0.45\mu }\mathrm{m}$ 滤膜过滤, 上机待测。
色谱柱: Waters XBridge BEH Amide 酰胺基柱 ( ${250}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times {4.6}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ , ${5\mu }\mathrm{m}$ ),流动相: 乙腈 + 水 + 氨水 $={750}+ {250}+ 1\left({V : V : V}\right)$ ,流速: ${1.0}\mathrm{\;{mL}}/\mathrm{{min}}$ ,柱温: ${35}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ ,示差检测器温度: ${35}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ ,进样量: ${10\mu }\mathrm{L}$
标准溶液和样品待测液按上述色谱条件进样分析, 依据保留时间定性, 采用外标法定量。
计算方法如公式 (1) $\sim \left( 3\right)$ :
${M}_{1}= \frac{{C}_{1}\times {V}_{1}}{m}\times {10}^{-3}\times {100}$
${M}_{2}= \frac{{C}_{2}\times {V}_{2}}{m}\times {10}^{-3}\times {100}$
${M}_{\mathrm{{XOS}}}= \left({{M}_{2}- {M}_{1}}\right)\times {1.1}$
式中: ${M}_{1}\text{、}{M}_{2}$ 分别为样品水解前、水解后木糖含量 (g/100 g); ${C}_{1}$${C}_{2}$ 分别为水解前、水解后样品溶液中木糖的浓度 (mg/mL); ${V}_{1}$ 为水解前样品溶液的总稀释体积 $\left(\mathrm{{mL}}\right);{V}_{2}$ 为水解后样品溶液的定容体积 $\left(\mathrm{{mL}}\right);{M}_{\mathrm{{XOS}}}$ 为样品中低聚木糖的含量 $\left({\mathrm{g}/{100}\mathrm{\;g}}\right)$ ; $m$ 为样品的质量 (g); 1.1 为低聚木糖和木糖之间的平均转换系数。
采用安捷伦 Chemstation B04.01 色谱工作站进行数据采集, 并利用 Excel 2016 和 Origin 2018 软件分别进行检测数据提取、 结果计算、图表制作和图谱绘制。加标样品平行测定 9 次,加标回收实验结果以平均回收率 $\pm$ 相对标准偏差表示; 实际样品平行测定 6 次,测定结果以平均测定值 $\pm$ 相对标准偏差表示。
低聚木糖是由 2~8 个木糖分子以 $\beta - 1,4$ 糖苷键连接而成的功能性聚合糖, 需要通过水解成木糖后, 测定水解后与水解前木糖含量的差值乘以低聚木糖和木糖的平均转化系数即得保健饼干样品中低聚木糖的含量。
采用常规方法直接水解提取, 保健饼干直接加纯水溶解后, 饼干样品呈不流动糊状,无法测定水解前的木糖本底浓度; 此外, 由于饼干中的小麦粉含有少量小麦麸皮, 其细胞壁含有半纤维素,可以被酶解成低聚糖 [ 22 ] ,采用直接酸水解测定的木糖为饼干麸皮中的木聚糖、低聚木糖水解木糖和游离木糖的含量总和,导致测定结果偏高。
前处理时为防止样品加水发生糊化,又不引入其他溶剂, 采用无水乙醇作为分散剂 [ 23 ] ,当采用 ${80}\%$ 乙醇提取时,饼干样品出现了聚团现象, 低聚木糖被包裹在沉淀物中, 导致样品中低聚木糖无法完全提取。
低聚木糖易溶于水, 微溶于乙醇, 现有方法多采用水提醇沉除杂的方式进行提取 [ 24 - 25 ] 。本研究尝试使用 20% 乙醇水溶液进行初步提取, 发现样品呈现沙粒状, 未能在水中充分膨胀, 这限制了低聚木糖从样品中的有效解离, 当补加乙醇至提取液乙醇比例至 68% 时, 观察到样品的糊化程度显著降低, 沙粒状结构也相应减少。通过两次乙醇辅助提取能有效满足提取要求。 通过比较, 本研究采用以 20% 乙醇水溶液为初次提取液, 再补加乙醇至 68% 的方式提取饼干中的低聚木糖。
保健饼干中含有少量的蔗糖,在水解条件下分解为葡萄糖和果糖。果糖、葡萄糖等单糖成分可能会对样品水解木糖的分离分析产生干扰。Waters XBridge BEH Amide 酰胺 基 柱 ( ${250}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times {4.6}\mathrm{\;{mm}},{5\mu }\mathrm{m}$ )、Aminex HPX-87H (氢 型阳离子交换苯乙烯二乙烯苯交联树脂凝胶为填料)糖分析柱 $\left({{300}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times {7.8}\mathrm{\;{mm}},{9\mu }\mathrm{m}}\right)$ 对单糖具有较好的分离效果,本研究对比这两种色谱柱的分离效果。实验发现,在 $\mathrm{{HPX}}- {87}\mathrm{H}$ 糖分析柱下,木糖与果糖、葡萄糖分离色谱峰重叠无法实现有效分离,色谱分离效果见 图 1 。Waters XBridge BEH Amide 酰胺基柱 $\left({{250}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times {4.6}\mathrm{\;{mm}},{5\mu }\mathrm{m}}\right)$ ,可实现木糖与果糖、葡萄糖的理想分离, 色谱分离效果见 图 2 。因此, 本研究采用 Waters XBridge BEH Amide 酰胺基柱 ( ${250}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times {4.6}\mathrm{\;{mm}},{5\mu }\mathrm{m}$ ) 进行木糖的测定。
本研究考察了不同流动相比例、柱温对色谱分离情况的影响。当乙腈:水的比例 ${75}: {25}\text{、}{77}: {23}\text{、}{80}: {20}\text{、}{85}: {15}(V : V$ , 下同)依次改变时,随着乙腈比例的增大,保留时间延长,峰响应强度降低, 分离度逐渐增大; 满足分离条件下优先选择乙腈 : 水 =75 : 25 ( 图 3 )。
在此基础上, 流动相加入 0.1%(体积比) 氨水有利于改善色谱峰峰形和延长色谱柱使用寿命, 进一步考察柱温对色谱分离情况的影响。 图 4 随着柱温的升高, 分离度减小, 保留时间变短, 对峰响应强度的影响不太明显, 从分离度和柱压的角度考虑,柱温 ${35}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 为宜。
以保健饼干空白样品和保健饼干样品进行系统适应性及专属性测定, 按 1.3 分析步骤操作。保健饼干空白样品水解前和水解后样品液中没有检出木糖色谱峰, 保健饼干样品水解前和水解后样品液中木糖与相邻杂质峰完全分离, 分离度分别为 2.5 和 2.3, 说明木糖检测专属性好, 采用本方法测定低聚木糖时不会产生干扰, 保健饼干空白样品和保健饼干样品水解前和水解后色谱图见 图 5
以低聚木糖质量浓度为横坐标 $\left({X,\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{mL}}}\right)$ ,低聚木糖峰面积为纵坐标(Y),绘制标准曲线,低聚木糖质量浓度在 0.25~5.00 mg/mL 范围内线性关系良好,回归方程及相关系数分别为 $Y ={103122.4X}+ {1109.9}, r ={0.9998}$ 。对保健饼干空白样品进行加标实验,以信噪比 $\mathrm{S}/\mathrm{N}$ 等于 3 时为检出限, $\mathrm{S}/\mathrm{N}$ 等于 10 时为定量限,确定低聚木糖的检出限为 ${0.03}\mathrm{\;g}/{100}\mathrm{\;g}$ ,定量限为 ${0.10}\mathrm{\;g}/{100}\mathrm{\;g}$
平行测定 6 份保健饼干样品进行精密度试验, 均值 ${1.17}\mathrm{\;g}/{100}\mathrm{\;g}$ 。结果表明,相对标准偏差 (relative standard deviation, RSD) 为 4.55%, 小于 5%, 表明方法重复性良好满足分析要求。
平行精密称取 6 份保健饼干样品, 按 1.3.3 样品前处理步骤进行测定, 取 6 次测试平均值为样品本底。再称取 9 份保健饼干样品, 按低、中、高三水平添加不同含量的低聚木糖, 经
1.3.3 样品前处理步骤测定并计算回收率,结果见 表 1 。结果显示, 三种不同添加水平的低聚木糖加标回收率在 92.0%~95.8% 之间, RSD 在 1.83%~4.03% 之间, 回收率良好, 结果准确度较高。
使用上述优化后的分析方法, 本研究选取 6 种饼干样品进行低聚木糖含量测定, 其中 1 种为普通饼干, 5 种为不同含量低聚木糖的保健饼干,实际样品检测的色谱图如 图 6 所示,含
量测定结果如 表 2 所示, 普通饼干未检出低聚木糖, 5 种保健饼干均检出与配方添加量相一致的低聚木糖。本方法操作可行, 专一性强, 能够准确、快速地测定高糊化度 - 焙烤食品中低聚木糖的含量。
本研究建立了高效液相色谱 - 示差折光法测定高糊化度 - 焙烤食品中低聚木糖的含量, 并对样品的前处理及色谱条件进行了考察和优化, 使其可用于实际样品的检测。结果表明, 该方法先用 20% 乙醇水溶液提取样品,再通过补加乙醇提高提取液乙醇占比至 68% 来选择性提取低聚木糖并去除淀粉、糊精和木聚糖, 避免了样品遇水高度糊化对低聚木糖提取效率及测定结果的影响。该低聚木糖检测方法专属性好, 木糖组分峰与相邻杂质峰达到完全分离,木糖质量浓度为 ${0.25}\sim {5.00}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 时,其峰面积与浓度之间线性关系良好, $r >{0.999}$ ; 该方法精密度准确度好,相对标准偏差在 ${1.8}\%\sim {4.0}\%$ 之间,加标回收率在 92.0%~95.8% 之间,方法操作可行,专一性强,能够准确、 快速地测定高糊化度 - 焙烤食品中低聚木糖的含量, 对 QB/T 5716-2022《食品中低聚木糖的测定高效液相色谱法》的样品前处理方法是一种有益的补充。将为低聚木糖在此类食品中的应用研究与推广提供技术支撑。
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2024年第2卷第10期
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    1 国家副食品质量检验检测中心 国贸食品科学研究院有限公司 北京 102209
    2 营养健康与食品安全北京市重点实验室 中粮营养健康研究院有限公司 北京 102209

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*陈修红,高级工程师,主要研究方向:食品质量与安全检测。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Genus
种数
Number of
species
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species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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