Article(id=1156911432416711093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1156911423029863120, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753758779863, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753758779863, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753758779863, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753758779863, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156911423029863120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, year='2024', volume='2', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='168', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1753758777625, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753785186254, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157022188915216503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1156911423029863120, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157022188915216504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1156911423029863120, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=31, endPage=34, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156911433570144712, articleId=1156911432416711093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, language=EN, title=Construction and method for determining the coagulation effect of aero submicron particles on plant leaves, columnId=1156641065621906129, journalTitle=Laboratory Testing, columnName=Innovative Applications, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the agglomeration of particulate matter at the air-leaf interface and provide guidance for the prevention and control of particulate matter and greening planning. Methods In this study, the effects of temperature and wind speed on plant coagulation effect were studied by using a self-developed system of coagulation effect based on aerosol smoke box, and the coagulation effect of particulate matter in the leaves of 10 common green tree species in Shanghai was measured. Results The coagulation effect of plant leaves is affected by external conditions, which increases and then decreases with the increase of temperature and is positively correlated with wind speed; among different plants, the coagulation effect of coniferous species is greater than that of broad-leaved species, small-leaved species is greater than that of large-leaved species. Conclusion The results of the study can provide scientific basis for the key prevention and control management of haze, the plant configuration mode of green space community and the selection of urban greening tree species.

, correspAuthors=Ning-Xiao SUN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*SUN Ning-Xiao, Master, Experimentalist, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China. E-mail:
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目的 探究颗粒物在大气—叶片界面上的凝并现象,为大气颗粒物防控和绿化规划提供指导。方法 本研究依托气溶胶烟雾箱,利用自主开发的一套凝并效应表征体系,研究了温度、风速对于植物凝并效应的影响,并测定了上海10种常见绿化树种叶片颗粒物凝并效应。结果 植物叶片凝并效应受外界条件影响,其随温度的升高先增大后减小,并与风速呈正相关关系;不同植物之间,针叶树种凝并效应大于阔叶树种,小型叶树种大于大型叶树种。结论 研究结果可为雾霾的重点防控治理、绿地群落的植物配置方式以及城市绿化树种的选择提供科学依据。

, correspAuthors=孙宁骁, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*孙宁骁,硕士,实验师,研究方向:城市生态学。E-mail:
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孙宁骁,硕士,实验师,研究方向:城市生态学。

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Arboricultural Journal , 2000 . 24 ( 2-3 ): 209 - 230 ., articleTitle=The capture of particulate pollution by trees at five contrasting urban sites, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1156911471339852042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911432416711093, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=18, issue=03, pageStart=487, pageEnd=492, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=王蕾, 哈斯, 刘连友, journalName=应用生态学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王蕾 , 哈斯 , 刘连友 , 等 . 北京市六种针叶树叶面附着颗粒物的理化特征 [J]. 应用生态学报 , 2007 . 18 ( 03 ): 487 - 492 ., articleTitle=北京市六种针叶树叶面附着颗粒物的理化特征, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1156911470303858939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911432416711093, awardId=JCZXSJB2022-12, language=EN, fundingSource=Shanghai Jiao Tong University Decision-making Consultation Project(JCZXSJB2022-12), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1156911470362579196, 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articleId=1156911432416711093, companyId=1156911466277327032, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 College of Forestry Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang 110866 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1156911466294104249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911432416711093, companyId=1156911466277327032, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 沈阳农业大学 林学院 沈阳 110866)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1156911469527912687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911432416711093, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Quantity concentration of simulative atmospheric particulate matter during emission, figureFileSmall=i8a1EsETHgNKVjt6PgCszg==, figureFileBig=q4600ExOuKrlab8opUqOwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156911469582438640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911432416711093, language=CN, label=图 1, caption=大气颗粒物模拟物发射时的各粒径数量浓度, figureFileSmall=i8a1EsETHgNKVjt6PgCszg==, figureFileBig=q4600ExOuKrlab8opUqOwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156911469641158897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911432416711093, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Retained particulate matter on Osmanthus fragrans leaves at different temperatures, figureFileSmall=j8gbA2fJUC5oQZEiXQdWuQ==, figureFileBig=xYAx8zxctMCjGDv2+UADpA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156911469695684850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911432416711093, language=CN, label=图 2, caption=不同温度下桂花单位叶面积上滞留颗粒物量

注: a、b 分别表示在相同条件下的单位叶面上颗粒物的质量、数量

, figureFileSmall=j8gbA2fJUC5oQZEiXQdWuQ==, figureFileBig=xYAx8zxctMCjGDv2+UADpA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156911469750210803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911432416711093, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Average diameter on Osmanthus fragrans leaves at different temperatures, figureFileSmall=+1aM6AxQgbm0T8dzL40krQ==, figureFileBig=TbDZf+XLquKPxj8JqcALaw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156911469817319668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911432416711093, language=CN, label=图 3, caption=不同温度下桂花叶面颗粒物平均粒径

注: 图中不同字母表示在 0.05 水平存在显著差异

, figureFileSmall=+1aM6AxQgbm0T8dzL40krQ==, figureFileBig=TbDZf+XLquKPxj8JqcALaw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156911469876039925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911432416711093, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Average diameter on Osmanthus fragrans leaves under different wind speeds, figureFileSmall=u8lqgiolkmZajIpUfgiGEg==, figureFileBig=XNyUmR7wUG6/bwrUwEcj1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156911469938954486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911432416711093, language=CN, label=图 4, caption=不同风速下桂花叶面颗粒物平均粒径

注: 图中不同字母表示在 0.05 水平存在显著差异

, figureFileSmall=u8lqgiolkmZajIpUfgiGEg==, figureFileBig=XNyUmR7wUG6/bwrUwEcj1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156911469997674743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911432416711093, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Average diameter on leaf surface of 10 common greening tree species in Shanghai, figureFileSmall=HAwl39+LzVU3k+LRAC7s9g==, figureFileBig=Dd5wtdWJisvx4qgKy1dsfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156911470056395000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911432416711093, language=CN, label=图 5, caption=10 种上海常见绿化树种叶片颗粒物平均粒径

注: 图中不同字母表示在 0.05 水平存在显著差异

, figureFileSmall=HAwl39+LzVU3k+LRAC7s9g==, figureFileBig=Dd5wtdWJisvx4qgKy1dsfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156911470110920953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911432416711093, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=10 greening trees species chosen in the dissertation, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
树种 学名
落叶 垂柳 Salix babylonica
银杏 Ginkgo biloba
二球悬铃木 Platanus acerifolia
池杉 Taxodium ascendens
水杉 Metasequoia glyptostroboides
樟树 Cinnamomum camphora
常绿 荷花玉兰 Magnolia grandiflora
雪松 Cedrus deodara
龙柏 Sabina chinensis (L.) Ant.'Kaizuca'
桂花 Osmanthus fragrans
), ArticleFig(id=1156911470169641210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911432416711093, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=本试验选择的上海 10 种常见绿化树种, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
树种 学名
落叶 垂柳 Salix babylonica
银杏 Ginkgo biloba
二球悬铃木 Platanus acerifolia
池杉 Taxodium ascendens
水杉 Metasequoia glyptostroboides
樟树 Cinnamomum camphora
常绿 荷花玉兰 Magnolia grandiflora
雪松 Cedrus deodara
龙柏 Sabina chinensis (L.) Ant.'Kaizuca'
桂花 Osmanthus fragrans
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植物叶片亚微米颗粒物凝并效应测定方法构建与应用
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孙宁骁 1, 2, 3, * , 吕俊瑶 4 , 杨虓 4
实验室检测 | 创新应用 2024,2(9): 31-34
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实验室检测 | 创新应用 2024, 2(9): 31-34
植物叶片亚微米颗粒物凝并效应测定方法构建与应用
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孙宁骁1, 2, 3, * , 吕俊瑶4, 杨虓4
作者信息
  • 1 上海交通大学 农业与生物学院 上海 200240
  • 2 上海长三角区域生态环境变化与综合治理国家野外科学观测研究站 上海 200240
  • 3 国家林业和草原局上海城市森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站 上海 200240
  • 4 沈阳农业大学 林学院 沈阳 110866
  • 孙宁骁,硕士,实验师,研究方向:城市生态学。

通讯作者:

*孙宁骁,硕士,实验师,研究方向:城市生态学。E-mail:
Construction and method for determining the coagulation effect of aero submicron particles on plant leaves
Ning-Xiao SUN1, 2, 3, * , Jun-Yao LYU4, Xiao YANG4
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Agriculture and Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
  • 2 Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station Shanghai 200240 China
  • 3 Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station Shanghai 200240 China
  • 4 College of Forestry Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang 110866 China
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目的 探究颗粒物在大气—叶片界面上的凝并现象,为大气颗粒物防控和绿化规划提供指导。方法 本研究依托气溶胶烟雾箱,利用自主开发的一套凝并效应表征体系,研究了温度、风速对于植物凝并效应的影响,并测定了上海10种常见绿化树种叶片颗粒物凝并效应。结果 植物叶片凝并效应受外界条件影响,其随温度的升高先增大后减小,并与风速呈正相关关系;不同植物之间,针叶树种凝并效应大于阔叶树种,小型叶树种大于大型叶树种。结论 研究结果可为雾霾的重点防控治理、绿地群落的植物配置方式以及城市绿化树种的选择提供科学依据。

亚微米颗粒物  /  凝并效应  /  方法构建与应用

Objective To investigate the agglomeration of particulate matter at the air-leaf interface and provide guidance for the prevention and control of particulate matter and greening planning. Methods In this study, the effects of temperature and wind speed on plant coagulation effect were studied by using a self-developed system of coagulation effect based on aerosol smoke box, and the coagulation effect of particulate matter in the leaves of 10 common green tree species in Shanghai was measured. Results The coagulation effect of plant leaves is affected by external conditions, which increases and then decreases with the increase of temperature and is positively correlated with wind speed; among different plants, the coagulation effect of coniferous species is greater than that of broad-leaved species, small-leaved species is greater than that of large-leaved species. Conclusion The results of the study can provide scientific basis for the key prevention and control management of haze, the plant configuration mode of green space community and the selection of urban greening tree species.

aero submicron particles  /  coagulation effect  /  method construction and application
孙宁骁, 吕俊瑶, 杨虓. 植物叶片亚微米颗粒物凝并效应测定方法构建与应用. 实验室检测, 2024 , 2 (9) : 31 -34 .
Ning-Xiao SUN, Jun-Yao LYU, Xiao YANG. Construction and method for determining the coagulation effect of aero submicron particles on plant leaves[J]. Laboratory Testing, 2024 , 2 (9) : 31 -34 .
近年来, 我国在环境保护方面取得了显著进展, 但部分地区大气颗粒物仍是城市重要大气污染物之一 [ 1 - 3 ] ,它可以通过呼吸道进入人体内部,严重危害人体健康 [ 4 - 6 ] 。大气颗粒中,亚微米颗粒物的数量浓度和质量浓度在细颗粒物中占比最大 [ 7 - 8 ] 。亚微米颗粒物不易分散,并且其重力沉降速度比微米级颗粒小 [ 9 ] , 难以在大气中自然沉淀。有研究发现, 亚微米颗粒物会通过碰撞或附着,使颗粒物体积增大、质量变重,通过凝并作用达到沉降的目的 [ 10 ]
大气颗粒物在被植物叶片的吸滞过程中会发生凝并作用, 导致粒径集中分布于某个范围内。目前凝并作用的理论研究大多集中在颗粒物凝并过程中各种作用力的模型构建以及其他动力学公式的求解上 [ 11 ] ,植物净化颗粒物的研究则主要集中在其去除能力方面 [ 12 - 13 ] ,对于亚微米颗粒物在大气一植物叶片界面的凝并效应的规律及其检测方法的研究较为缺乏。
以往针对颗粒物粒径的测量方法存在不足, 扫描电镜法只能观察表层颗粒物, 且视野范围小、结果随机, 人工计数可操作性不强、误差大; 水洗 - 多孔径滤膜过滤法滤膜饱和后滞留小颗粒物、水溶性成分无法分离。本研究利用自主开发的凝并效应表征体系, 研究了温度、风速对于植物凝并效应的影响, 并测定了上海 10 种常见绿化树种叶片颗粒物凝并效应, 初步阐述了干沉降条件下颗粒物在大气一植物叶片界面的凝并效应规律及机制, 为大气颗粒物重点防控治理、绿地的植物配置方式以及城市绿化树种的选择提供了科学依据。
上海地处长江入海口, 属于亚热带季风气候, 年均降水量为 ${1098}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,典型植被为常绿阔叶林,土壤 $\mathrm{{pH}}$${8.0}\sim {9.0}$ 之间。 采样地点为上海交通大学闵行校区植物标本园, 选取上海 10 种常见绿化树种(见 表 1 )作为研究对象, 包括 5 种落叶树种、 5 种常绿树种。
采样时选择生长状况良好的三株相邻植物, 所用叶片选自树冠外轮、高度大约在植株高度 $2/3$ 处、生长状况良好的、生长姿态相似的阳面小枝,每组叶面积控制在 ${400}\sim {600}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{2}$ ,且叶片之间尽量无重叠。为减小时间推移对叶片特性的影响, 样品当日采集,采下后立即带回实验室,在水中浸泡 3 分钟后,用流动水洗刷表面,最后再用去离子水清洗叶片表面 2~3 次,于通风橱中快速风干,等水分完全蒸发后开始试验,暂时不能开始试验的样品插至花泥中。
为了实现在可控环境中对相关影响因素的研究, 本文主要利用气溶胶烟雾箱进行实验,实验装置可以实现温度、风速可控。
本试验选择氯化钠作为颗粒物, 其化学性质稳定、粒径符合试验需求。如 图 1 所示, 研究首先对氯化钠的粒径进行了测定, 其发射平均粒径为 ${0.477\mu }\mathrm{m}$ ,经风扇扩散后为 ${0.971\mu }\mathrm{m}$ ,保证了烟雾箱内的颗粒物粒径稳定于 $0 \sim {1\mu }\mathrm{m}$ 区间内,为亚微米级颗粒物。
通过粒径谱仪自动记录 ${0.25}\sim {30\mu }\mathrm{m}$ 范围内 30 种粒径的数量浓度及质量浓度。记录扫脱峰值前后一分钟的均值,扣除空白后, 乘以扫脱室体积, 除以样品叶面积, 即得到了叶面上的颗粒物含量, 其中叶面积通过叶面积扫描仪 (WinFOLIA, Regent,加拿大)得出。叶片上颗粒物的平均粒径用 ${D}_{C}$ 表示, 在颗粒物发射粒径相同的情况下, 叶片上颗粒物平均粒径越大说明凝并效应越好。
\[{D}_{C}= \frac{{\int }_{0}^{30}x \cdot f\left( x\right)\mathrm{d}x}{{\int }_{0}^{30}f\left( x\right)\mathrm{d}x}\]
其中 $x$ 表示粒径, $f\left( x\right)$ 表示该粒径对应的数量。
本测定通过实验条件可控的烟雾箱进行, 通过模拟大气环境使植物滞尘, 再在封闭环境里使颗粒物再悬浮, 通过测定该环境空气中各粒径颗粒物浓度, 得出叶片滞留的颗粒物各粒径浓度。具体步骤如下:
(1)人工气溶胶烟雾箱内提前使用氮气洗气,使内壁上吸附的颗粒被吹脱,并由抽气泵抽出腔体外,达到对整体内部的净化;(2)打开加热装置与风扇,使环境条件满足试验要求;(3)放入清洗过的植物小枝, 使其尽量保持自然生长姿态;(4) 连接粒径谱仪,打开装有 $\mathrm{{NaCl}}$ 饱和溶液的气溶胶发生器,使箱内亚微米颗粒物质量浓度维持在 ${200\mu }\mathrm{g}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}$ 左右;(5)30 分钟后将植物取出, 记录下箱内各项环境指标。
(1)封闭式扫脱法烟雾箱内使用氮气洗气,连接粒径谱仪, 记录本底浓度;(2) 将植物叶片放入扫脱室内的托盘上, 轻轻刷下表面颗粒物;(3)打开风扇,将颗粒物均匀分散在封闭的扫脱室内;(4)记录颗粒物峰值前后一分钟的数据;(5)取出托盘并清扫, 用吸尘器将缸内空气抽出, 等待亚微米颗粒物降至 ${10}\mathrm{{ug}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}$ 以下,完成一个样品的测量。
基于自主研发的凝并效应比表征体系, 按照 1.6 所述方法, 通过调控人工气溶胶烟雾箱的加热装置, 实现植物叶片在 15、 20、25、30、35、40°C 六个温度水平下的滞尘。从 图 2 (a) 可以看出,在六种温度下,桂花叶片上颗粒物在 ${5\mu }\mathrm{m}$ 左右达到最大值, ${10\mu }\mathrm{m}$ 处也存在峰值,除 ${40}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 外,其他五个温度在 ${20\mu }\mathrm{m}$ 处也有小聚集,而 ${40}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 的该峰出现在更大的 ${25\mu }\mathrm{m}$ 处。 由于大颗粒物单个质量大, 故单从数量上看, 颗粒物集中在 ${7\mu }\mathrm{m}$ 以下, ${10\mu }\mathrm{m}$ 以上的占比低于 $3\%$ ,几乎可忽略不计,所以为了方便观察,只保留了小于 ${10\mu }\mathrm{m}$ 的部分。
图 2 (b) 看出, ${1\mu }\mathrm{m}$ 以下的颗粒物占比明显减少, ${2\mu }\mathrm{m}$${4\mu }\mathrm{m}$ 均为新出现的峰值。氯化钠发射时亚微米级颗粒占比高达 95%,经过烟雾箱中气流扰动后有所降低变为了 77%, 而在叶面上仅占 14%~18%,数量大大减少,证明了本研究中自主研发的人工气溶胶烟雾箱及其表征体系的可靠性及凝并效应的存在。
将数量结果拟合曲线积分可得到不同情况下的平均粒径,结果如 图 3 所示。桂花中平均粒径最大的是 ${25}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 时的 $\left({{3.479}\pm {0.130}}\right)\mu \mathrm{m}$ ,其他五个温度条件按降序排列分别是: ${30}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$$\left({{3.198}\pm {0.197}}\right)\mu \mathrm{m}\text{、}{40}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$$\left({{3.154}\pm {0.163}}\right)\mu \mathrm{m}\text{、}{35}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$$\left({{3.137}\pm {0.063}}\right)\mu \mathrm{m}\text{、}{20}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$$\left({{3.123}\pm {0.141}}\right)\mu \mathrm{m}\text{、}{15}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$$\left({{3.074}\pm {0.172}}\right)\mu \mathrm{m}$ ,但五者之间在 0.05 水平上不存在显著性差异。 总的来说, 平均粒径随温度的增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势。
基于自主研发的凝并效应比表征体系, 按照 1.6 所述方法, 通过调节人工气溶胶烟雾箱风扇转速,实现了植物在 $1\text{、}2\text{、}3\text{、}4$$5\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ 五个风速水平下的滞尘,将数量拟合曲线积分得到不同情况下的平均粒径, 从 图 4 可以看出, 桂花叶片颗粒物平均粒径与风速呈正相关,拟合优度达到了 0.9455 。说明随着风速的加大, 平均粒径也随之增长。
除了外部环境影响, 不同植物叶片的自身特性也会对凝并效应产生影响。基于自主研发的凝并效应比表征体系,按照 1.6 所述方法, 利用人工气溶胶烟雾箱模拟大气环境, 在温度 ${25}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 、相对湿度 ${40}\%\sim {50}\%$ 、风速 $2\mathrm{\;m}/\mathrm{s}$ 、亚微米颗粒物发射浓度 ${200\mu }\mathrm{g}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}$ 条件下使植物滞尘,再利用烟雾箱风扇使颗粒物再悬浮, 得到上海 10 种常见树种凝并效应结果。
图 5 可以看出,平均粒径最大的为水杉 ( ${{4.939}\pm {0.087}}$ ) $\mu \mathrm{m}$ 、 龙柏 $\left({{4.715}\pm {0.034}}\right)\mu \mathrm{m}$ ,其次为银杏 $\left({{4.238}\pm {0.131}}\right)\mu \mathrm{m}$ 、荷花玉兰 $\left({{4.203}\pm {0.239}}\right)\mu \mathrm{m}$ ,雪松 $\left({{3.859}\pm {0.109}}\right)\mu \mathrm{m}$ 、池杉 $\left({{3.718}\pm {0.255}}\right)\mu \mathrm{m}$ 、 垂柳 $\left({{3.569}\pm {0.047}}\right)\mu \mathrm{m}$ 、桂花 $\left({{3.479}\pm {0.168}}\right)\mu \mathrm{m}$ 处于较低水平, 最小的为樟树 $\left({{3.328}\pm {0.116}}\right)\mu \mathrm{m}$ 二球悬铃木 $\left({{3.083}\pm {0.132}}\right)\mu \mathrm{m}$ 。 通过该结果我们可以简单猜测,针叶树种平均粒径大于阔叶树种, 小型叶树种平均粒径大于大叶树种, 纸质叶平均粒径普遍较小,阔叶树和常绿树区别不明显。
本研究针对当前植物滞尘领域极少关注颗粒物在大气一叶片界面上的形态变化的现状、叶面颗粒物凝并效应研究的空白, 以及颗粒物粒径测量方法的缺陷, 研发了一套自己的凝并效应测定表征体系, 应用该方法体系完成了外部环境因素对凝并效应的影响规律探究,并测定了上海 10 种常见绿化树种凝并效应能力, 初步阐释了凝并效应作用机制。
(1)植物叶片凝并效应随温度的升高先增大后减小。这是因为叶片生理活动造成了叶一气温差, 在不同强度的热泳力作用下发生不同程度的空气扰动, 使得颗粒物碰撞概率变化。该结果也可反映大气中细颗粒物的含量变化趋势, 冬夏凝并效果相对不彻底, 因此亚微米级和细颗粒物的污染会更严重, 要更加注重这两季的亚微米级和细颗粒物的污染治理。
(2)植物叶片凝并效应与风速正相关,风速加大,叶面颗粒物平均粒径也随之增长。主要是因为随着风速的增加, 植物造成的风速差也随之增大, 气流的扰动增强, 促进了颗粒物间发生碰撞。该结果表明,绿地植物配置时,要注意风的疏导,保证一定的风速水平更有利于颗粒物在叶片上的凝并。
(3)针叶树种、小型叶树种凝并效应强于阔叶树种、大叶树种。K Beckett 等人 [ 13 ] 研究表明针叶树种对颗粒物的去除能力是阔叶树种的 10 倍,王蕾等人 [ 14 ] 的研究结果表明针叶树种滞留颗粒物的能力大于阔叶树种, 这与结果与本研究结果一致。 其原因可能与叶片的形态特征,如叶片粗糙度、宽长比等有关。
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2024年第2卷第9期
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  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
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Shanghai Jiao Tong University Decision-making Consultation Project(JCZXSJB2022-12)
上海交通大学决策咨询课题(JCZXSJB2022-12)
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    1 上海交通大学 农业与生物学院 上海 200240
    2 上海长三角区域生态环境变化与综合治理国家野外科学观测研究站 上海 200240
    3 国家林业和草原局上海城市森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站 上海 200240
    4 沈阳农业大学 林学院 沈阳 110866

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*孙宁骁,硕士,实验师,研究方向:城市生态学。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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