Article(id=1156911431565267363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1156911423029863120, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753758779660, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753758779660, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753758779660, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753758779660, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156911423029863120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, year='2024', volume='2', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='168', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1753758777625, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753785186254, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157022188915216503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1156911423029863120, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157022188915216504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1156911423029863120, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=103, endPage=106, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156911433381401029, articleId=1156911431565267363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, language=EN, title=Value of changes of serum inflammatory indexes, D-dimer and bone biochemical indexes in fracture healing, columnId=1156641066674676444, journalTitle=Laboratory Testing, columnName=Evaluation and Analysis, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To explore and analyze the value of seruminflammatory indexes, D-dimer (D-D) and bone biochemical indexes inwound healing of patients with fractures. Methods The clinical data of92 patients with fracturesin the hospitalwere retrospectively analyzedfrom March 2021 to February 2023. The above patients were divided intodelayed group $(n ={47}$ , delayedfracture healing) and normal group $(n={47}$ , normal fracture healing). The levels of high-sensitivityC-reactive protein (hs-CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), D-D and bonebiochemical indexes (bone gla protein (BGP), type I procollagen aminoterminal peptide (PINP), type I collagen cross-linked carboxy terminalpeptide (CTX), bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) were compared betweengroups. Pearson analysis was used to analyze the correlation between theabove indexes and delayed fracture healing. Receiver operatingcharacteristic curve (ROC) was adopted to evaluate the predictive valueof the above indexeson predicting delayed fracture healing. Results Thelevels of hs-CRP, PCT, D-D and CTX in delayed group were higher thanthose in normal group $\left({P<{0.05}}\right)$ while the levels of BGP, PINP and BALP werelower than those in normal group $\left({P<{0.05}}\right)$ . Serum hs-CRP, PCT, D-D and CTX in patientswith fractures were positively correlated with delayed fracture healing $\left({P <{0.05}}\right)$ , andBGP, PINP and BALP were negatively correlated with delayed fracturehealing $\left({P<{0.05}}\right)$ . Under the ROC curve, the areas under thecurves (AUCs) of hs-CRP, PCT, D-D, CTX, BGP, PINP, and BALP inpredicting delayed fracture healing were 0.693, 0.810, 0.722, 0.763,0.746, 0.868 and 0.839, the sensitivities were 59.57%, ${59.57}\%,{72.34}\%,{59.57}\%,{85.11}\%,{93.62}\%$ and 76.60%, and the specificities were 78.72%,97.87%,65.96%,89.36%,59.57%, 72.34% and 80.85% respectively. Conclusion hs-CRP, PCT, D-D andbone biochemical indexes are closely related to delayed fracture healingin patients with fractures, which should be paid attention to inclinical practice.

, correspAuthors=Yu-Qiao CAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*CAO Yu-Qiao, Laboratory Technician, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Guizhou Hospital, Guiyang 550081, China. E-mail:
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目的 探讨分析血清炎症指标、D-二聚体(D-D)以及骨生化指标变化在骨折患者伤口愈合中的价值。 方法 回顾性分析 2021 年 3 月-2023 年 2 月本院收治的 92例骨折患者的病例资料,分为延迟组 $(n={47}$ ,骨折延迟愈合)和正常组( $n={47}$ ,骨折正常愈合)。比较两组患者超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)、D-D水平以及骨生化指标(骨钙素(BGP)、I型前胶原氨基端原肽(PINP)、I型胶原交联羧基末端肽(CTX)、骨碱性磷酸酶(BALP))差异,采用Pearson分析上述指标与骨折延迟愈合的相关性。以受试者工作曲线(ROC)评估以上指标预测骨折延迟愈合的预测价值。结果延迟组 hs-CRP、PCT、D-D、CTX 水平均高于正常组 $\left({P <{0.05}}\right)$ , 延迟组BGP、PINP、BALP 水平均低于正常组 $\left({P<{0.05}}\right)$ ,骨折患者血清 hs-CRP、PCT、D-D、CTX均与骨折延迟愈合呈正相关( $P<{0.05}$ ),骨折患者 BGP、PINP、BALP均与骨折延迟愈合呈负相关( $P<{0.05}$ )。ROC 曲线中,hs-CRP、PCT、D-D、CTX、BGP、PINP、BALP水平预测骨折延迟愈合的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.693、0.810、0.722、 ${0.763}\text{、}{0.746}\text{、}{0.868}\text{、}{0.839}$ ,敏感度分别为 ${59.57}\%\text{、}{59.57}\%\text{、}{72.34}\%\text{、}{59.57}\%\text{、}{85.11}\%\text{、}{93.62}\%\text{、}{76.60}\%$ ,特异度分别为78.72%、97.87%、65.96%、89.36%、59.57%、72.34%、80.85%。结论hs-CRP、PCT、D-D与骨生化指标均与骨折患者骨折延迟愈合密切相关,临床应予以重视。

, correspAuthors=曹玉巧, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*曹玉巧,检验技师,研究方向:临床医学检验。E-mail:
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曹玉巧,检验技师,研究方向:临床医学检验。

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Bone Joint Res , 2022 . 11 ( 04 ): 239 - 250 ., articleTitle=Bone turnover markers as surrogates of fracture healing after intramedullary fixation of tibia and femur fractures, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1156911454571025267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911431565267363, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1156911454575219572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911431565267363, companyId=1156911454571025267, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Laboratory Medicine Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Guizhou Hospital Guiyang 550081 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1156911454587802485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911431565267363, companyId=1156911454571025267, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=北京积水潭医院贵州医院 检验科 贵阳 550081)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1156911458354287588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911431565267363, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=ROC curves of hs-CRP, PCT, D-D, CTX, BGP, PINP and BALP levels in predicting delayed fracture healing, figureFileSmall=jKm/IcY6zAvqFFpPNaIIIg==, figureFileBig=L/hm/gB5lK3t0mr6dKjD/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156911458438173671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911431565267363, language=CN, label=图 1, caption=hs-CRP、PCT、D-D、CTX、BGP、PINP、BALP 水平预测骨折延迟愈合的 ROC 曲线, figureFileSmall=jKm/IcY6zAvqFFpPNaIIIg==, figureFileBig=L/hm/gB5lK3t0mr6dKjD/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156911458505282536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911431565267363, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Comparison of general data between the two groups $\left({\bar{x}\pm s, n}\right)$, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 延迟组 $\left({n ={47}}\right)$ 正常组 $\left({n ={47}}\right)$ ${\chi }^{2}/t$ $P$
性别 27(57.45) 25(53.19) 0.172 0.678
20(42.55) 22(46.81)
年龄(岁) ${43.58}\pm {6.34}$ ${42.35}\pm {7.21}$ 0.878 0.382
$\mathrm{{BMI}}\left({\mathrm{{kg}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{2}}\right)$ ${24.27}\pm {3.13}$ ${24.81}\pm {3.40}$ 0.801 0.425
骨折类型 开放性骨折 24(51.06) 21(44.68) 0.384 0.536
闭合性骨折 23(48.94) 26(55.32)
骨折部位 四肢骨折 ${23}\left({48.94}\right)$ 26(55.32) 1.332 0.514
骨盆骨折 8(17.02) 10(21.28)
股骨骨折 16(34.04) 11(23.40)
骨折原因 交通事故 21(44.68) 17(36.17) 2.444 0.295
跌倒 15(31.91) 12(25.53)
坠落 11(23.40) 18(38.30)
), ArticleFig(id=1156911458580780010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911431565267363, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=两组一般资料比较 $\left({\bar{x}\pm s, n}\right)$, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 延迟组 $\left({n ={47}}\right)$ 正常组 $\left({n ={47}}\right)$ ${\chi }^{2}/t$ $P$
性别 27(57.45) 25(53.19) 0.172 0.678
20(42.55) 22(46.81)
年龄(岁) ${43.58}\pm {6.34}$ ${42.35}\pm {7.21}$ 0.878 0.382
$\mathrm{{BMI}}\left({\mathrm{{kg}}/{\mathrm{m}}^{2}}\right)$ ${24.27}\pm {3.13}$ ${24.81}\pm {3.40}$ 0.801 0.425
骨折类型 开放性骨折 24(51.06) 21(44.68) 0.384 0.536
闭合性骨折 23(48.94) 26(55.32)
骨折部位 四肢骨折 ${23}\left({48.94}\right)$ 26(55.32) 1.332 0.514
骨盆骨折 8(17.02) 10(21.28)
股骨骨折 16(34.04) 11(23.40)
骨折原因 交通事故 21(44.68) 17(36.17) 2.444 0.295
跌倒 15(31.91) 12(25.53)
坠落 11(23.40) 18(38.30)
), ArticleFig(id=1156911458660471788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911431565267363, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Comparison of serum indexes between the two groups $\left({\bar{x}\pm s}\right)$, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 $n$ hs-CRP(mg/L) PCT(ng/mL) D-D(mg/L)
延迟组 47 ${9.31}\pm {2.67}$ ${0.18}\pm {0.05}$ ${0.78}\pm {0.21}$
正常组 47 ${7.76}\pm {1.89}$ ${0.13}\pm {0.03}$ ${0.62}\pm {0.19}$
$t$ - 3.248 5.879 3.873
$P$ - 0.002 <0.001 <0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1156911458723386349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911431565267363, language=CN, label=表 2, caption=两组血清指标比较 $\left({\bar{x}\pm s}\right)$, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 $n$ hs-CRP(mg/L) PCT(ng/mL) D-D(mg/L)
延迟组 47 ${9.31}\pm {2.67}$ ${0.18}\pm {0.05}$ ${0.78}\pm {0.21}$
正常组 47 ${7.76}\pm {1.89}$ ${0.13}\pm {0.03}$ ${0.62}\pm {0.19}$
$t$ - 3.248 5.879 3.873
$P$ - 0.002 <0.001 <0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1156911458777912303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911431565267363, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=Comparison of bone biochemical indexes between the two groups $\left({\bar{x}\pm s,\mathrm{{ng}}/\mathrm{{mL}}}\right)$, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 $n$ BGP PINP CTX BALP
延迟组 47 ${0.56}\pm {0.11}$ ${18.99}\pm {4.16}$ ${55.43}\pm {4.79}$ ${13.01}\pm {1.09}$
正常组 47 ${0.46}\pm {0.10}$ ${23.89}\pm {5.74}$ ${66.06}\pm {8.13}$ ${14.96}\pm {1.62}$
$t$ - 4.612 4.739 7.723 6.847
$P$ - <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1156911458840826865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911431565267363, language=CN, label=表 3, caption=两组骨生化指标比较 $\left({\bar{x}\pm s\text{, ng/mL}}\right)$, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 $n$ BGP PINP CTX BALP
延迟组 47 ${0.56}\pm {0.11}$ ${18.99}\pm {4.16}$ ${55.43}\pm {4.79}$ ${13.01}\pm {1.09}$
正常组 47 ${0.46}\pm {0.10}$ ${23.89}\pm {5.74}$ ${66.06}\pm {8.13}$ ${14.96}\pm {1.62}$
$t$ - 4.612 4.739 7.723 6.847
$P$ - <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1156911458907935731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911431565267363, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=Correlation between serum indexes and delayed fracture healing, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 hs-CRP PCT D-D
$r$ 0.573 0.641 0.486
$P$ 0.017 <0.001 0.027
), ArticleFig(id=1156911459012793332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911431565267363, language=CN, label=表 4, caption=血清指标与骨折延迟愈合相关性, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 hs-CRP PCT D-D
$r$ 0.573 0.641 0.486
$P$ 0.017 <0.001 0.027
), ArticleFig(id=1156911459063124981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911431565267363, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=Correlation between bone biochemical indexes and delayed fracture healing, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 BGP PINP CTX BALP
$r$ -0.563 -0.675 0.529 -0.632
$P$ 0.006 <0.001 0.014 <0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1156911459126039542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911431565267363, language=CN, label=表 5, caption=骨生化指标与骨折延迟愈合相关性, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 BGP PINP CTX BALP
$r$ -0.563 -0.675 0.529 -0.632
$P$ 0.006 <0.001 0.014 <0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1156911459176371191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911431565267363, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=ROC curve parameters of hs-CRP, PCT, D-D, CTX, BGP, PINP and BALP levels in predicting delayed fracture healing, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 AUC 95%CI 敏感度 /% 特异度 /% 截断值
hs-CRP 0.693 0.589-0.784 59.57 78.72 9.02 mg/L
PCT 0.810 0.716-0.883 59.57 97.87 0.16 ng/mL
D-D 0.722 0.621-0.810 72.34 65.96 0.67 mg/L
CTX 0.763 0.664-0.844 59.57 89.36 0.56 ng/mL
BGP 0.746 0.646-0.830 85.11 59.57 22.53 ng/mL
PINP 0.868 0.782-0.929 93.62 72.34 61.91 ng/mL
BALP 0.839 0.749-0.907 76.60 80.85 13.70 ng/mL
), ArticleFig(id=1156911459235091448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911431565267363, language=CN, label=表 6, caption=hs-CRP、PCT、D-D、CTX、BGP、PINP、BALP 水平预测骨折延迟愈合的 ROC 曲线参数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 AUC 95%CI 敏感度 /% 特异度 /% 截断值
hs-CRP 0.693 0.589-0.784 59.57 78.72 9.02 mg/L
PCT 0.810 0.716-0.883 59.57 97.87 0.16 ng/mL
D-D 0.722 0.621-0.810 72.34 65.96 0.67 mg/L
CTX 0.763 0.664-0.844 59.57 89.36 0.56 ng/mL
BGP 0.746 0.646-0.830 85.11 59.57 22.53 ng/mL
PINP 0.868 0.782-0.929 93.62 72.34 61.91 ng/mL
BALP 0.839 0.749-0.907 76.60 80.85 13.70 ng/mL
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血清炎症指标、D-二聚体及骨生化指标变化在骨折愈合中的价值
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曹玉巧 * , 杨永红 , 杨妹音
实验室检测 | 评价与分析 2024,2(9): 103-106
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实验室检测 | 评价与分析 2024, 2(9): 103-106
血清炎症指标、D-二聚体及骨生化指标变化在骨折愈合中的价值
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曹玉巧* , 杨永红, 杨妹音
作者信息
  • 北京积水潭医院贵州医院 检验科 贵阳 550081
  • 曹玉巧,检验技师,研究方向:临床医学检验。

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*曹玉巧,检验技师,研究方向:临床医学检验。E-mail:
Value of changes of serum inflammatory indexes, D-dimer and bone biochemical indexes in fracture healing
Yu-Qiao CAO* , Yong-Hong YANG, Mei-Yin YANG
Affiliations
  • Department of Laboratory Medicine Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Guizhou Hospital Guiyang 550081 China
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目的 探讨分析血清炎症指标、D-二聚体(D-D)以及骨生化指标变化在骨折患者伤口愈合中的价值。 方法 回顾性分析 2021 年 3 月-2023 年 2 月本院收治的 92例骨折患者的病例资料,分为延迟组 $(n={47}$ ,骨折延迟愈合)和正常组( $n={47}$ ,骨折正常愈合)。比较两组患者超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)、D-D水平以及骨生化指标(骨钙素(BGP)、I型前胶原氨基端原肽(PINP)、I型胶原交联羧基末端肽(CTX)、骨碱性磷酸酶(BALP))差异,采用Pearson分析上述指标与骨折延迟愈合的相关性。以受试者工作曲线(ROC)评估以上指标预测骨折延迟愈合的预测价值。结果延迟组 hs-CRP、PCT、D-D、CTX 水平均高于正常组 $\left({P <{0.05}}\right)$ , 延迟组BGP、PINP、BALP 水平均低于正常组 $\left({P<{0.05}}\right)$ ,骨折患者血清 hs-CRP、PCT、D-D、CTX均与骨折延迟愈合呈正相关( $P<{0.05}$ ),骨折患者 BGP、PINP、BALP均与骨折延迟愈合呈负相关( $P<{0.05}$ )。ROC 曲线中,hs-CRP、PCT、D-D、CTX、BGP、PINP、BALP水平预测骨折延迟愈合的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.693、0.810、0.722、 ${0.763}\text{、}{0.746}\text{、}{0.868}\text{、}{0.839}$ ,敏感度分别为 ${59.57}\%\text{、}{59.57}\%\text{、}{72.34}\%\text{、}{59.57}\%\text{、}{85.11}\%\text{、}{93.62}\%\text{、}{76.60}\%$ ,特异度分别为78.72%、97.87%、65.96%、89.36%、59.57%、72.34%、80.85%。结论hs-CRP、PCT、D-D与骨生化指标均与骨折患者骨折延迟愈合密切相关,临床应予以重视。

骨折  /  C-反应蛋白  /  骨生化指标  /  骨折延迟愈合  /  相关性

Objective To explore and analyze the value of seruminflammatory indexes, D-dimer (D-D) and bone biochemical indexes inwound healing of patients with fractures. Methods The clinical data of92 patients with fracturesin the hospitalwere retrospectively analyzedfrom March 2021 to February 2023. The above patients were divided intodelayed group $(n ={47}$ , delayedfracture healing) and normal group $(n={47}$ , normal fracture healing). The levels of high-sensitivityC-reactive protein (hs-CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), D-D and bonebiochemical indexes (bone gla protein (BGP), type I procollagen aminoterminal peptide (PINP), type I collagen cross-linked carboxy terminalpeptide (CTX), bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) were compared betweengroups. Pearson analysis was used to analyze the correlation between theabove indexes and delayed fracture healing. Receiver operatingcharacteristic curve (ROC) was adopted to evaluate the predictive valueof the above indexeson predicting delayed fracture healing. Results Thelevels of hs-CRP, PCT, D-D and CTX in delayed group were higher thanthose in normal group $\left({P<{0.05}}\right)$ while the levels of BGP, PINP and BALP werelower than those in normal group $\left({P<{0.05}}\right)$ . Serum hs-CRP, PCT, D-D and CTX in patientswith fractures were positively correlated with delayed fracture healing $\left({P <{0.05}}\right)$ , andBGP, PINP and BALP were negatively correlated with delayed fracturehealing $\left({P<{0.05}}\right)$ . Under the ROC curve, the areas under thecurves (AUCs) of hs-CRP, PCT, D-D, CTX, BGP, PINP, and BALP inpredicting delayed fracture healing were 0.693, 0.810, 0.722, 0.763,0.746, 0.868 and 0.839, the sensitivities were 59.57%, ${59.57}\%,{72.34}\%,{59.57}\%,{85.11}\%,{93.62}\%$ and 76.60%, and the specificities were 78.72%,97.87%,65.96%,89.36%,59.57%, 72.34% and 80.85% respectively. Conclusion hs-CRP, PCT, D-D andbone biochemical indexes are closely related to delayed fracture healingin patients with fractures, which should be paid attention to inclinical practice.

fractures  /  C-reactive protein  /  bone biochemical indexes  /  delayed fracture healing  /  correlation
曹玉巧, 杨永红, 杨妹音. 血清炎症指标、D-二聚体及骨生化指标变化在骨折愈合中的价值. 实验室检测, 2024 , 2 (9) : 103 -106 .
Yu-Qiao CAO, Yong-Hong YANG, Mei-Yin YANG. Value of changes of serum inflammatory indexes, D-dimer and bone biochemical indexes in fracture healing[J]. Laboratory Testing, 2024 , 2 (9) : 103 -106 .
骨折临床常见疾病,多是由于巨大的外力破坏了骨的完整性, 导致患者出现局部骨畸形、疼痛, 甚至导致休克。目前临床对于骨折主要采取外固定与手术切开复位固定治疗, 但患者预后恢复过程中可能会出现各种并发症, 其中骨折延迟愈合是常见并发症之一,不仅会增加患者痛苦与治疗费用,甚至会导致患者再次手术或严重残疾 [ 1 ] 。因此了解骨折患者延迟愈合相关指标, 对于患者及时获得相关治疗, 促进其预后恢复具有重要意义。C-反应蛋白 (hs-CRP)、降钙素原 (PCT)、D-二聚体 (D-D) 是临床观察骨折患者感染情况的常用指标, D- 二聚体 (D-D) 与患者血栓形成密切相关, 骨钙素 (BGP)、I 型前胶原氨基端原肽(PINP)等骨生化指标能有效反映人体骨代谢水平 [ 2 ] 。本研究以骨折患者为研究对象,检测其血清 hs-CRP、 PCT、D-D 以及 PINP 等指标水平,并分析其与患者骨折愈合的相关性, 旨在为临床诊断与治疗提供更多数据支持。
回顾性分析 2021 年 3 月-2023 年 2 月本院收治的 47 例骨折延迟愈合患者病例资料,并将其纳入延迟组,同时将 47 例骨折正常愈合患者纳入正常组。两组患者一般资料无统计学差异 $\left({P >{0.05}}\right)$ , 可比性充分,见 表 1
纳入标准:经影像学检查确诊骨折;首次确诊骨折;年龄 $\geq {18}$ 岁;均于本院行复位内固定手术;病历资料完整。
排除标准:合并骨质疏松症;多发性骨折、病理性骨折; 合并恶性肿瘤、感染性疾病;合并其他骨性疾病。
骨折延迟愈合判定标准 [ 3 ] : 于患者术后 3 个月进行随访, 通过骨折部位 CT 检查结果进行判定, 若患者骨折线明显, 断端骨痂较少且排列紊乱或无骨痂,可伴骨硬化,则可判定为骨折延迟愈合。
于患者术后 3 个月使用抗凝管采集其空腹静脉血,离心后 $\left({{2800}\mathrm{r}/\mathrm{{min}}\text{,半径}{10}\mathrm{\;{cm}},{15}\mathrm{\;{min}}}\right)$ 取血清备用,采用散射比浊法测量 hs-CRP 水平, 采用放射免疫法测量 PCT 水平, 采用酶联免疫吸附 (ELISA) 法测量 D-D 水平。
于患者术后 3 个月采集其空腹静脉血,不做抗凝处理,室温下静置 ${60}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ ,离心后 $\left({{2800}\mathrm{r}/\mathrm{{min}}\text{,半径}{10}\mathrm{\;{cm}}\text{,}{15}\mathrm{\;{min}}}\right)$ 取血清备用,采用 ELISA 法测量 BGP、PINP、I 型胶原交联羧基末端肽 (CTX)、骨碱性磷酸酶 (BALP) 水平。
运用 SPSS22.0 统计软件进行数据分析,计量资料以 $\left({\bar{x}\pm s}\right)$ 表示,两两比较应用 $\mathrm{t}$ 检验; 计数资料以例数 (%) 表示,组间比较应用 ${\chi }^{2}$ 检验,相关性分析采用 Pearson 相关性分析,组别赋值 “延迟组”=1、“正常组”=0,将 hs-CRP、PCT、D-D、 CTX、BGP、PINP、BALP 水平录入,绘制受试者工作曲线 (ROC), 读取曲线下面积 (AUC)、置信区间 (95%CI)、敏感度、特异度、 截断值, $P <{0.05}$ 为差异有统计学意义。
延迟组 hs-CRP、PCT、D-D 水平均高于正常组 $\left({P <{0.05}}\right)$ ,说明骨折延迟愈合患者血清 hs-CRP、PCT、D-D 水平存在异常,见 表 2
延迟组 BGP、PINP、BALP 水平均低于正常组 $\left({P <{0.05}}\right)$ , 延迟组 CTX 水平高于正常组 $\left({P <{0.05}}\right)$ ,说明骨折延迟愈合患者血清 BGP、PINP、BALP、CTX 水平存在异常,见 表 3
骨折患者血清 hs-CRP、PCT、D-D 均与骨折延迟愈合呈正相关 $\left({P <{0.05}}\right)$ ,说明血清 hs-CRP、PCT、D-D 水平与骨折延迟愈合存在相关性, 见 表 4
骨折患者 BGP、PINP、BALP 均与骨折延迟愈合呈负相关 $\left({P <{0.05}}\right)$ ,骨折患者 CTX 与骨折延迟愈合呈正相关 $\left({P <{0.05}}\right)$ , 说明骨生化指标与骨折延迟愈合存在相关性, 见 表 5
ROC 曲 线 中, hs-CRP、PCT、D-D、CTX、BGP、PINP、 BALP 水平预测骨折延迟愈合的 AUC 分别为 0.693、0.810、0.722、 0.763、0.746、0.868、0.839, 敏感度分别为 59.57%、59.57%、 72.34%、59.57%、85.11%、93.62%、76.60%,特异度分别为 78.72%、97.87%、65.96%、89.36%、59.57%、72.34%、80.85%, 提示 hs-CRP、PCT、D-D、CTX、BGP、PINP、BALP 水平在预测骨折延迟愈合中均具有较高价值,见 图 1表 6
随着现代交通业的不断发展, 交通事故导致的骨折发生率也随之上升, 大部分患者经过相应治疗后能获得良好预后, 但仍有超过 5% 的患者会出现骨折延迟愈合 [ 4 ] 。而骨折患者出现延迟愈合与其自身炎性因子、血供及骨代谢均密切相关 [ 5 ] ,因此了解骨折延迟愈合相关指标, 对于患者临床诊断与治疗均具有十分积极的意义。
本研究结果显示,延迟组 hs-CRP、PCT、D-D 水平均高于正常组,骨折患者血清 hs-CRP、PCT、D-D 均与骨折延迟愈合呈正相关, 且 ROC 曲线中, hs-CRP、PCT、D-D 水平预测骨折延迟愈合的 AUC 分别为 0.693、0.810、0.722 ,敏感度分别为 59.57%、59.57%、72.34%,特异度分别为 78.72%、97.87%、 65.96%,说明 hs-CRP、PCT、D-D 水平与骨折延迟愈合具有一定相关性, 且在预测骨折延迟愈合中具有一定价值。究其原因, 感染是影响骨折愈合的重要原因,部分致病菌可以入侵骨细胞, 并诱导细胞的凋亡, 使患者骨吸收增加, 并出现局部的骨折破坏, 因此骨折断端无法愈合,从而出现骨折延迟愈合 [ 6 ] 。当机体受到感染时, 身体众多器官组织中的炎症细胞因子均会诱导 PCT 产生,使得其在血清中的水平急剧上升 [ 7 ] 。D-D 是纤维蛋白水解后生成的产物, 是观察人体高凝状态的重要指标, 当其水平异常上升会显著增加患者血栓风险 [ 8 ] 。当血栓形成会影响骨折断端血运, 从而阻碍骨折正常愈合。而 hs-CRP 水平不仅能有效反映机体炎症情况, 其水平随人体炎性反应程度出现显著上升, 同时高水平的 hs-CRP 还会损伤血管内皮,导致纤溶系统紊乱, 增加血栓形成风险 [ 9 ] 。因此对于骨折患者,临床检测 hs-CRP、 PCT、D-D水平可观察患者体内炎症反应、感染以及凝血情况, 进而辅助判断其骨折愈合进程。
骨转换生化指标能有效反映全身骨骼代谢情况, 在骨质疏松症、骨软化症等的评估中均具有重要作用 [ 10 ] 。本研究结果显示,延迟组 BGP、BALP 水平均低于正常组,骨折患者 BGP、BALP 均与骨折延迟愈合呈负相关;ROC 曲线中, CTX、 BGP、PINP、BALP 水平预测骨折延迟愈合的 AUC 分别为 0.763、0.746、0.868、0.839 , 敏感度分别为 59.57%、85.11%、 93.62%、76.60%,特异度分别为、89.36%、59.57%、72.34%、 80.85%,提示骨转换生化指标与骨折延迟愈合具有一定相关性, 且在预测骨折延迟愈合发生中具有较高价值。BGP 是一种广泛存在于骨基质中的钙结合蛋白, 主要是由骨细胞分泌的, 在人体骨钙代谢中起到重要作用, 能够减缓软骨矿化以及磷灰石结晶形成, 从而避免骨基质出现异常矿化 [ 11 ]。BALP 与磷酸钙的生成密切相关, 其存在于人体骨骼中, 利于骨的形成, 同时促进骨的钙化,从而促进骨折愈合 [ 12 ] 。因此当 $\mathrm{{BGP}}$$\mathrm{{BALP}}$ 水平降低时患者骨折延迟愈合风险明显上升。本研究中还可见,延迟组 CTX 水平高于正常组, 延迟组 PINP 水平低于正常组, 骨折患者 CTX 与骨折延迟愈合呈正相关, 骨折患者 PINP 与骨折延迟愈合呈负相关。PINP、CTX 均为骨转化生化指标, 其中 PINP 是骨形成标志物, 反映了成骨细胞的活性, CTX 为骨吸收标志物,与破骨细胞活性密切相关 [ 13 ] 。考虑为低水平 PINP 患者成骨细胞活性不足有关, 高水平 CTX 患者破骨细胞活跃性高,骨基质吸收异常。同时相关研究显示 [ 14 - 15 ] ,与骨密度正常的人群相比,骨密度降低的骨折患者血清 CTX 水平均出现明显上升,同时 CTX 高水平的骨折患者常伴随维生素 $\mathrm{D}$ 缺乏,可能也与患者出现骨折延迟愈合相关。因此对于骨折患者,临床积极检测观察骨转换生化指标可观察患者骨破碎、骨形成状态, 有利于评估骨骼形成效率,进而预测骨折愈合时间。
与骨折正常愈合患者相比,骨折延迟愈合患者 hs-CRP、 PCT、D-D与骨生化指标均出现明显改变, 在临床评估中具有重要意义。
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2024年第2卷第9期
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  • 首发时间:2025-07-29
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    北京积水潭医院贵州医院 检验科 贵阳 550081

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*曹玉巧,检验技师,研究方向:临床医学检验。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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