Article(id=1156911424770499284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1156911423029863120, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753758778040, onlineDateStr=2025-07-29, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753758778040, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753758778040, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753758778040, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156911423029863120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, year='2024', volume='2', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='168', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=0, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1753758777625, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753785186254, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1157022188915216503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1156911423029863120, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1157022188915216504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1156911423029863120, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=9, endPage=13, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156911425357701849, articleId=1156911424770499284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, language=EN, title=Rapiddetection ofAg ${}^{ + }$ in water bysurface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy sensor based on 4-mercaptobenzoicacid/polypeptide modified gold nanoparticles, columnId=1156641065621906129, journalTitle=Laboratory Testing, columnName=Innovative Applications, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective A 4-mercaptobenzoic acid/polypeptide-modifiedgold nanoparticle modified surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)sensor was developed for rapid detection ofAg ${}^{+ }$ in water. Methods $\;\mathrm{A}{\mathrm{{Ag}}}^{+ }$ surfaceenhanced Raman spectroscopy sensor was constructed by combining aspecificAg ${}^{+ }$ peptiderecognition sequence (RFPRGGDD) with 4-mercaptobenzoic acid, and datawas read using a portable Raman spectrometer. Results In theconcentration range of ${10}\sim {850}\mathrm{{nmol}}/\mathrm{L}$ ,the linear relationship was good, the correlation coefficient $\left({r}^{2}\right)$ was 0.98345, thelimit of detection was ${36}\mathrm{{pmol}}/\mathrm{L}$ , thestandard recoveries were ${95.28}\%\sim {102.9}\%$ , and therelative standard deviations were 0.79%~3.73%. Conclusion The method has high response speed, good selectivity and low detection limit, and is suitable for rapiddetection of Ag+ in water.

, correspAuthors=Qing-Peng XU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*XU Qing-Peng, Master, Engineer, Guangdong Testing Institute of Product Quality Supervision, Foshan 528300, China. E-mail:
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目的 建立 4-巯基苯甲酸 /多肽修饰金纳米粒子修饰的表面增强拉曼光谱 (surface enhanced Ramanspectroscopy, SERS)传感器快速检测水中的Ag ${}^{+ }$方法 通过特异性的Ag ${}^{+ }$ 多肽识别序列 (RFPRGGDD) 和4-巯基苯甲酸的结合,构建了Ag ${}^{+ }$ 表面增强拉曼光谱传感器,使用便携式拉曼光谱仪读取数据。结果${10}\sim {850}\mathrm{{nmol}}/\mathrm{L}$ 的浓度范围内线性关系较好,相关系数 $\left({r}^{2}\right)$ 为 0.98345,检出限为 ${36}\mathrm{{pmol}}/\mathrm{L}$ ,加标回收率为 ${95.28}\%\sim {102.9}\%$ ,相对标准偏差在 ${0.79}\%\sim {3.73}\%$结论该方法响应速度快、选择性好、检出限低,适用于现场快速检测水中的Ag ${}^{+ }$

, correspAuthors=许庆鹏, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*许庆鹏,硕士,工程师,主要研究方向:食品及食品相关产品安全检测。E-mail:
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容培森,硕士,主要研究方向:食品及食品相关产品安全检测分析。

许庆鹏,硕士,工程师,主要研究方向:食品及食品相关产品安全检测。

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Discuss Faraday Soc , 1951 . 11 . 55 - 75 ., articleTitle=Nucleation and growth process in the synthesis of colloidal gold, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1156911483851465431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911424770499284, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=38, issue=06, pageStart=5, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=代昭, 韩阳, journalName=天津工业大学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=代昭 , 韩阳 . 小粒径金纳米粒子的制备及性能表征 [J]. 天津工业大学学报 , 2019 . 38 ( 06 ): 5 ., articleTitle=小粒径金纳米粒子的制备及性能表征, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1156911483897602776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911424770499284, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=23, issue=03, pageStart=215, pageEnd=222, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=谢辉, 蔡继业, journalName=生物物理学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=谢辉 , 蔡继业 . 胶体金修饰纳米免疫传感器的制备与性能测定 [J]. 生物物理学报 , 2007 . 23 ( 03 ): 215 - 222 ., articleTitle=胶体金修饰纳米免疫传感器的制备与性能测定, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1156911483952128729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911424770499284, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=41, issue=04, pageStart=324, pageEnd=329, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=张美霞, 付喆, 刘晶, journalName=辽宁大学学报(自然科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=张美霞 , 付喆 , 刘晶 . 4–巯基苯甲酸–Ag20 表面增强拉曼散射的化学增强电荷转移机理研究(英文) [J]. 辽宁大学学报(自然科学版) , 2014 . 41 ( 04 ): 324 - 329 ., articleTitle=4–巯基苯甲酸–Ag20 表面增强拉曼散射的化学增强电荷转移机理研究(英文), refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1156911479170622101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911424770499284, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1156911479179010710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911424770499284, companyId=1156911479170622101, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Guangdong Testing Institute of Product Quality Supervision Foshan 528300 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1156911479183205015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911424770499284, companyId=1156911479170622101, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=广东产品质量监督检验研究院 佛山 528300)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1156911481401991856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911424770499284, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Particle size distribution diagram, figureFileSmall=cQnzRaRwzsBJudZlzA/w5g==, figureFileBig=j0jULn3Fd1PN7xt3UTcH5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156911481523626673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911424770499284, language=CN, label=图 1, caption=粒径分布图

注:A 为金纳米粒子;B 为 R/M-AuNPs 探针;C 为探针与银离子反应后。

, figureFileSmall=cQnzRaRwzsBJudZlzA/w5g==, figureFileBig=j0jULn3Fd1PN7xt3UTcH5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156911481645261490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911424770499284, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=SERS spectrum, figureFileSmall=fqcU88LKLdw1hrdyYG9mtQ==, figureFileBig=osEZzU69q685QP7VFFLZug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156911481750119091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911424770499284, language=CN, label=图 2, caption=SERS 光谱图, figureFileSmall=fqcU88LKLdw1hrdyYG9mtQ==, figureFileBig=osEZzU69q685QP7VFFLZug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156911481804645044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911424770499284, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Transmission electron microscopy image, figureFileSmall=D6EwDtScmHPz6dF5hLOk5w==, figureFileBig=hzE62IRYl9Hr7M9WdXefzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156911481867559605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911424770499284, language=CN, label=图 3, caption=透射电镜图

注: $\mathrm{A}$ 为银离子加入前; $\mathrm{B}$ 为银离子加入后。

, figureFileSmall=D6EwDtScmHPz6dF5hLOk5w==, figureFileBig=hzE62IRYl9Hr7M9WdXefzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156911481926279862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911424770499284, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Relationship between the relative SERS intensity difference and the molar ratio of polypeptide/4-MBA, figureFileSmall=3Z9Ipu64NZ75Vn9v2mJQbQ==, figureFileBig=/1OonfDzYMYHDfRY4MzVcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156911481980805815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911424770499284, language=CN, label=图 4, caption=相对 SERS 强度差与多肽 /4-MBA 摩尔比的关系图, figureFileSmall=3Z9Ipu64NZ75Vn9v2mJQbQ==, figureFileBig=/1OonfDzYMYHDfRY4MzVcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156911482056303288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911424770499284, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Time dynamic process diagram of system response under different silver ion concentration, figureFileSmall=X0kmXCK5tI9ExqM+SH1BYw==, figureFileBig=5NxmYZrgKwckTxLKAi/Q1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156911482135995065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911424770499284, language=CN, label=图 5, caption=不同银离子浓度下体系响应的时间动力学过程图, figureFileSmall=X0kmXCK5tI9ExqM+SH1BYw==, figureFileBig=5NxmYZrgKwckTxLKAi/Q1w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156911482190521018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911424770499284, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=SERS spectra of different silver ion concentrations, figureFileSmall=wTnggCMKFNMmDfVXVqaq5g==, figureFileBig=tJvQ1EAIceupaBgLKe2l3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156911482245046971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911424770499284, language=CN, label=图 6, caption=不同银离子浓度下的 SERS 光谱图

注: i~a 分别对应银离子浓度为 0、10、50、150、250、400、550、 700、 ${850}\mathrm{{nmol}}/\mathrm{L}$

, figureFileSmall=wTnggCMKFNMmDfVXVqaq5g==, figureFileBig=tJvQ1EAIceupaBgLKe2l3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156911482303767229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911424770499284, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Standardized curve chart, figureFileSmall=0RuHtVkAn8E+adA6CerHzA==, figureFileBig=1J10XHWwmWmyXHJk5YjcsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156911482354098878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911424770499284, language=CN, label=图 7, caption=标准化曲线图

注:A 为相对探针溶液 SERS 强度 $\left({{1067}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}}\right)$ 随银离子浓度增加的变化图; $\mathrm{B}$ 为银离子浓度的自然对数 $\log \left\lbrack {c\left({\mathrm{{Ag}}}^{+ }\right)}\right\rbrack$ 与 SERS 强度的标准化曲线图。

, figureFileSmall=0RuHtVkAn8E+adA6CerHzA==, figureFileBig=1J10XHWwmWmyXHJk5YjcsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156911482412819135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911424770499284, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=SERS spectra of probe reacting with metal ion, figureFileSmall=m9yKFHeCM13atdZ6eAm0Og==, figureFileBig=p/CsyOimDlVWoNPBwC7KNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156911482479928000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911424770499284, language=CN, label=图 8, caption=探针与金属离子反应的 SERS 光谱图, figureFileSmall=m9yKFHeCM13atdZ6eAm0Og==, figureFileBig=p/CsyOimDlVWoNPBwC7KNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156911482534453953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911424770499284, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Relative SERS intensity diagram of competitive reaction between silver ions and other metal ions, figureFileSmall=HuDnEOTUTvXSJ6mpt6xvHA==, figureFileBig=haEjky9rzrQ0dEKUgHfx+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156911482593174210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911424770499284, language=CN, label=图 9, caption=银离子与其他金属离子竞争反应的相对 SERS 强度图, figureFileSmall=HuDnEOTUTvXSJ6mpt6xvHA==, figureFileBig=haEjky9rzrQ0dEKUgHfx+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156911482647700163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911424770499284, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=${\mathrm{{Ag}}}^{+ }$ detection results in tap water, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自来水 (编号) ${\mathrm{{Ag}}}^{+ }$ 加标量 (nmol/L) ${\mathrm{{Ag}}}^{+ }$ 检出量 (nmol/L) 回收率(%) 相对标准 偏差(%)
1 50 52.9 102.9 2.81
2 500 514.8 114.8 1.45
), ArticleFig(id=1156911482719003332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911424770499284, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=自来水中Ag ${}^{+ }$ 检测结果, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自来水 (编号) ${\mathrm{{Ag}}}^{+ }$ 加标量 (nmol/L) ${\mathrm{{Ag}}}^{+ }$ 检出量 (nmol/L) 回收率(%) 相对标准 偏差(%)
1 50 52.9 102.9 2.81
2 500 514.8 114.8 1.45
), ArticleFig(id=1156911482773529285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911424770499284, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=${\mathrm{{Ag}}}^{+ }$ detection results in lake of water, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
湖水编号 ${\mathrm{{Ag}}}^{+ }$ 加标量 (nmol/L) ${\mathrm{{Ag}}}^{+ }$ 检出 (nmol/L) 回收率 (%) 相对标准 偏差(%)
1 50 50.8 100.8 0.79
2 500 476.4 95.28 2.42
), ArticleFig(id=1156911482823860934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911424770499284, language=CN, label=表 2, caption=湖水中Ag $^{+}$ 检测结果, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
湖水编号 ${\mathrm{{Ag}}}^{+ }$ 加标量 (nmol/L) ${\mathrm{{Ag}}}^{+ }$ 检出 (nmol/L) 回收率 (%) 相对标准 偏差(%)
1 50 50.8 100.8 0.79
2 500 476.4 95.28 2.42
), ArticleFig(id=1156911482874192583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911424770499284, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=Detection ofAg ${}^{+ }$ in lake water by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
湖水编号 ${\mathrm{{Ag}}}^{+ }$ 加标量 (nmol/L) ${\mathrm{{Ag}}}^{+ }$ 检出量 (nmol/L) 回收率(%) 相对标准 偏差(%)
1 50 46.4 92.8 3.73
2 500 482.6 96.52 1.77
), ArticleFig(id=1156911482924524232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156911424770499284, language=CN, label=表 3, caption=电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪检测天然湖水中Ag ${}^{+ }$, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
湖水编号 ${\mathrm{{Ag}}}^{+ }$ 加标量 (nmol/L) ${\mathrm{{Ag}}}^{+ }$ 检出量 (nmol/L) 回收率(%) 相对标准 偏差(%)
1 50 46.4 92.8 3.73
2 500 482.6 96.52 1.77
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基于4-巯基苯甲酸/多肽修饰金纳米粒子的表面 增强拉曼光谱传感器快速检测水中Ag ${}^{ + }$ 含量
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容培森 , 李皓 , 高汉铭 , 许庆鹏 *
实验室检测 | 创新应用 2024,2(9): 9-13
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实验室检测 | 创新应用 2024, 2(9): 9-13
基于4-巯基苯甲酸/多肽修饰金纳米粒子的表面 增强拉曼光谱传感器快速检测水中Ag ${}^{ + }$ 含量
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容培森, 李皓, 高汉铭, 许庆鹏*
作者信息
  • 广东产品质量监督检验研究院 佛山 528300
  • 容培森,硕士,主要研究方向:食品及食品相关产品安全检测分析。

    许庆鹏,硕士,工程师,主要研究方向:食品及食品相关产品安全检测。

通讯作者:

*许庆鹏,硕士,工程师,主要研究方向:食品及食品相关产品安全检测。E-mail:
Rapiddetection ofAg ${}^{ + }$ in water bysurface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy sensor based on 4-mercaptobenzoicacid/polypeptide modified gold nanoparticles
Pei-Sen RONG, Hao LI, Han-Ming GAO, Qing-Peng XU*
Affiliations
  • Guangdong Testing Institute of Product Quality Supervision Foshan 528300 China
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目的 建立 4-巯基苯甲酸 /多肽修饰金纳米粒子修饰的表面增强拉曼光谱 (surface enhanced Ramanspectroscopy, SERS)传感器快速检测水中的Ag ${}^{+ }$方法 通过特异性的Ag ${}^{+ }$ 多肽识别序列 (RFPRGGDD) 和4-巯基苯甲酸的结合,构建了Ag ${}^{+ }$ 表面增强拉曼光谱传感器,使用便携式拉曼光谱仪读取数据。结果${10}\sim {850}\mathrm{{nmol}}/\mathrm{L}$ 的浓度范围内线性关系较好,相关系数 $\left({r}^{2}\right)$ 为 0.98345,检出限为 ${36}\mathrm{{pmol}}/\mathrm{L}$ ,加标回收率为 ${95.28}\%\sim {102.9}\%$ ,相对标准偏差在 ${0.79}\%\sim {3.73}\%$结论该方法响应速度快、选择性好、检出限低,适用于现场快速检测水中的Ag ${}^{+ }$

金纳米粒子  /  表面增强拉曼光谱法  /  Ag  /  便携式拉曼仪

Objective A 4-mercaptobenzoic acid/polypeptide-modifiedgold nanoparticle modified surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)sensor was developed for rapid detection ofAg ${}^{+ }$ in water. Methods $\;\mathrm{A}{\mathrm{{Ag}}}^{+ }$ surfaceenhanced Raman spectroscopy sensor was constructed by combining aspecificAg ${}^{+ }$ peptiderecognition sequence (RFPRGGDD) with 4-mercaptobenzoic acid, and datawas read using a portable Raman spectrometer. Results In theconcentration range of ${10}\sim {850}\mathrm{{nmol}}/\mathrm{L}$ ,the linear relationship was good, the correlation coefficient $\left({r}^{2}\right)$ was 0.98345, thelimit of detection was ${36}\mathrm{{pmol}}/\mathrm{L}$ , thestandard recoveries were ${95.28}\%\sim {102.9}\%$ , and therelative standard deviations were 0.79%~3.73%. Conclusion The method has high response speed, good selectivity and low detection limit, and is suitable for rapiddetection of Ag+ in water.

gold nanoparticles  /  surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy  /  Ag¹  /  portable Raman spectrometer
容培森, 李皓, 高汉铭, 许庆鹏. 基于4-巯基苯甲酸/多肽修饰金纳米粒子的表面 增强拉曼光谱传感器快速检测水中Ag ${}^{ + }$ 含量. 实验室检测, 2024 , 2 (9) : 9 -13 .
Pei-Sen RONG, Hao LI, Han-Ming GAO, Qing-Peng XU. Rapiddetection ofAg ${}^{ + }$ in water bysurface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy sensor based on 4-mercaptobenzoicacid/polypeptide modified gold nanoparticles[J]. Laboratory Testing, 2024 , 2 (9) : 9 -13 .
鉴于此,本研究通过构建功能性的 4-巯基苯甲酸/多肽修饰金纳米粒子 (R/M-AuNPs), 利用便携式拉曼光谱仪实现了水溶液中Ag ${}^{+ }$ 的快速、稳定、定量检测,为水体中重金属离子现场快速检测提供一种新思路。
SEED 3000 便携式拉曼光谱仪(上海如海光电科技有限公司);TG16W 型高速离心机 (长沙平凡仪器仪表有限公司); Zetasizer Nano ZSP 型动态光散射激光粒度仪(英国马尔文仪器公司);JEOL-2100型透射电子显微镜 (日本电子株式会社); $\mathrm{{UB}}-7$$\mathrm{{pH}}$ 计(美国丹佛仪器); MS-100 型恒温混匀(杭州奥盛仪器有限公司);AL-104 型电子天平(感量 0.1mg,上海梅特勒 – 托利多仪器公司)。
六水合柠檬酸三钠 (化学纯, 美国Sigma 公司); 氯金酸 (化学纯,国药集团化学试剂北京有限公司);4-巯基苯甲酸 (4-mercaptobenzoic acid, 4-MBA, 化学纯, 上海麦克林生化科技有限公司);无水乙醇、氯化钠、硝酸镁、氯化钾、硝酸钙、 氯化铁、硝酸钴、氯化锌、硝酸汞、硝酸铅、氯化镉、硝酸铜、 硝酸银以及浓盐酸、浓硝酸、氢氧化钠、二水合磷酸二氢钠、 十二水合磷酸氢二钠(分析纯,国药集团化学试剂北京有限公司); 实验用水为超纯水 (自制,电阻率为 ${18.2}\mathrm{M}\Omega \cdot \mathrm{{cm}}$ )。
采用柠檬酸三钠还原法制备大约 ${30}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ 的金纳米粒子 [ 14 ] , 在 ${4}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 下避光保存。首先,进行金纳米粒子溶胶的多肽功能化修饰 [ 15 ] ,在蛋白低吸附离心管中加入 ${0.9}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 金纳米溶胶,先后加入序列为:精氨酸一苯丙氨酸一脯氨酸一精氨酸一甘氨酸一甘氨酸一天冬氨酸一天冬氨酸(RFPRGGDD)的多肽水溶液 ${100\mu }\mathrm{L}$ 和一定浓度的 $4 -\mathrm{{MBA}}$ 的无水乙醇溶液 ${10\mu }\mathrm{L}$ ,让其在恒温混匀仪中孵育 $\left({{20}^{\circ }\mathrm{C},{600}\mathrm{r}/\mathrm{{min}}}\right) 2\mathrm{\;h}$ ,使得多肽和拉曼信号分子 (4-MBA) 的最终总浓度在 ${20\mu }\mathrm{{mol}}/\mathrm{L}$ 。孵育 ${12}\mathrm{\;h}$ ,然后, 在 ${4000}\mathrm{r}/\mathrm{{min}},{15}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ 的条件下,连续离心 3 次,除去未修饰到金纳米粒子表面的多肽和 4-MBA。在每个离心步骤之后使用 ${10}\mathrm{{mmol}}/\mathrm{L},\mathrm{{pH}}= {7.0}$ 的磷酸盐缓冲液对上清液进行替换,并重悬。 调节多肽和 4-MBA 的摩尔比得到不同比例的自组装Ag ${}^{+ }$ 探针, 把混合修饰的探针命名为 R/M-AuNPs。
${10\mu }\mathrm{L}$ 样品液于洁净铝箔片,放置于载物台上,调节焦距采集信号,使用共聚焦显微拉曼仪进行检测(条件:氦氖激光, 激发波长 $\left({{785}\pm 5}\right)\mathrm{{nm}}$ ,波长范围: ${800}\sim {1800}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ ,曝光时间 $6\mathrm{\;s}$ , 积分次数 5 次)。
使用动态光散射激光粒度仪、便携式拉曼光谱仪、透射电子显微镜分别对加入Ag ${}^{+ }$ 前后探针体系进行表征。
分别对多肽 $\mathrm{R}$$\mathrm{M}$ (4-MBA) 的比例、反应时间进行优化。 取 ${490\mu }\mathrm{L}$ 的探针溶液,加入 ${10\mu }\mathrm{L}$ 不同浓度的硝酸银标准溶液, 使得混合液最终体积为 ${500\mu }\mathrm{L}$ ,反应 ${10}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ ,取 ${10\mu }\mathrm{L}$ 反应后混合液进行数据采集, 根据光谱中最高强度的峰值对其强度进行归一化处理, SERS 相对强度 (normalized intensity, NI) 的表示方法如公式 (1):
\[\mathrm{{NI}}= {I}_{0}/{I}_{\max }\]
其中, ${I}_{0}$ 为反应过程中对应的 SERS 强度, ${I}_{\max }$ 为反应过程中出现的最高拉曼强度。
对 不 同 浓 度 $(0\text{、}{10}\text{、}{50}\text{、}{150}\text{、}{250}\text{、}{400}\text{、}{550}\text{、}{700}$ 、 850 nmol/L)的探针体系进行 SERS 信号的采集。
在同等条件下,探针与其他金属离子 $\left({{\mathrm{{Pb}}}^{2 +}\text{、}{\mathrm{{Mg}}}^{2 +}\text{、}{\mathrm{K}}^{+ }}\right.$ 、Fe ${}^{3 +}\text{、}{\mathrm{{Ni}}}^{2 +}\text{、}{\mathrm{{Zn}}}^{2 +}\text{、}{\mathrm{{Hg}}}^{2 +}\text{、}{\mathrm{{Cd}}}^{2 +}\text{、}{\mathrm{{Cu}}}^{2 +})$ 与Ag ${}^{+ }$ 反应对比分析。 在最优条件下,探索金属离子 $\left({\mathrm{{Pb}}}^{2 +}\right.$ 、Mg ${}^{2 +}$${\mathrm{K}}^{+ }$ 、Ca ${}^{2 +}$ 、Fe ${}^{3 +}$ 、Co ${}^{2 +}\text{、}{\mathrm{{Ni}}}^{2 +}\text{、}{\mathrm{{Zn}}}^{2 +}\text{、}{\mathrm{{Hg}}}^{2 +}\text{、}{\mathrm{{Cd}}}^{2 +}\text{、}{\mathrm{{Cu}}}^{2 +}$ ) 对Ag ${}^{+ }$ 选择性的干扰。
采用加标回收法, 分别对湖水、自来水进行加标回收实验。 加标样品进行电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪测试, 判断该新方法可行性。
使用 Orgin 8.5 软件对实验中使用到的便携式拉曼光谱仪、 动态光散射激光粒度仪自带电脑生成的原始数据进行适当处理, 并进行绘图。使用 Excel 2003 制表。
图 1 表明探针的水合粒径分布随着Ag ${}^{+ }$ 的增加而逐渐增大, SERS 光谱如 图 2 所示, 图 2$\mathrm{a}\text{、}\mathrm{\;b}\text{、}\mathrm{c}$ 分别对应 图 1 中的 $\mathrm{A}$$\mathrm{B}$$\mathrm{C}$ 。胶体金和探针的 SERS 光谱表明 4-MBA 位于 ${1076}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$${1580}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 特征峰的强度并不显著 ( 图 2 a),这是由于分散状态下的金纳米粒子的 SERS 增强能力较弱, 这进一步表明了多肽的修饰不会影响金纳米粒子的稳定性 [ 16 ] 。在加入Ag ${}^{+ }$ 后,由于多肽和Ag ${}^{+ }$ 的配位作用,金纳米粒子发生聚集, $4 -\mathrm{{MBA}}$ 位于 ${1076}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$${1580}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 特征峰的强度显著增强,因此选用 ${1076}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 处拉曼峰作为特征峰。Ag ${}^{+ }$ 加入前后 $\mathrm{R}/\mathrm{M}$ -AuNPs 探针的透射电镜表征如 图 3 所示,加入Ag ${}^{+ }$ 之前, $\mathrm{R}/\mathrm{M}- \mathrm{{AuNPs}}$ 探针体系保持良好的分散性,加入一定量的Ag ${}^{+ }$ 会诱导探针聚集, 这进一步证明了上述结论。
多肽 R(RFPRGGDD)具备较小的等电点 ${\left(\mathrm{{pI}}= {6.44}\right)}$ [ 12 ] 并且在一定条件下可以使得金纳米溶胶稳定,因此多肽 $\mathrm{R}$ 不仅起到识别、捕获Ag ${}^{+ }$ 的作用而且能稳定胶体金。4-MBA 等电点较高 ${\left(\mathrm{{pI}}= {6.88}\right)}$ [ 17 ] ,过多地修饰 4-MBA 不仅会破坏胶体金的稳定性并且会导致检测过程中背景信号过高, 但是修饰过少, SERS 的响应信号很弱, 达不到理想效果。如 图 4 所示, 保持多肽 R 与 4-MBA 的总摩尔浓度为 ${20\mu }\mathrm{{mol}}/\mathrm{L}$ 不变,以多肽 $\mathrm{R}$ 与 4-MBA 的摩尔比例 $\mathrm{R}/\mathrm{M}$ 为横坐标,相对 SERS 强度差 $\left\lbrack {\left({{I}_{1}- {I}_{0}}\right)/{I}_{0}}\right\rbrack \left({I}_{0}\right.$
表示未加入Ag ${}^{+ }$ 的空白 SERS 强度, ${I}_{1}$ 表示加入Ag ${}^{+ }$ 的 SERS 强度)为纵坐标建立坐标系。当 $\mathrm{R}/\mathrm{M}$ 值在 $5\%\sim {65}\%$ 时,探针的响应能力不断升高,原因可能是随着 $\mathrm{R}$ 肽的修饰比例增加,相对强度差 $\left({{I}_{1}- {I}_{0}}\right)/{I}_{0}$ 不断上升,并且在 $\mathrm{R}/\mathrm{M}= {65}\%$ 时, $\left({{I}_{1}- {I}_{0}}\right)/{I}_{0}$ 值达到最大,当 $\mathrm{R}/\mathrm{M}$ 值在 ${65}\%\sim {95}\%$ 时,相对 SERS 强度差 $\left({I}_{1}\right.$ - ${I}_{0}$ ) $/{I}_{0}$ 随着 $\mathrm{R}/\mathrm{M}$ 值的增加而下降,这说明 4-MBA 比例太少会导致响应信号下降,因此,可以认为探针检测的灵敏度与 $\mathrm{R}/\mathrm{M}$ 的比值紧密联系。当 $\mathrm{R}/\mathrm{M}= {65}\%$ 时,探针对Ag ${}^{+ }$ 的响应值最高, 此时测得体系 $\mathrm{{pH}}$ 为 7.0,因此选择多肽 $\mathrm{R}$ 与 4-MBA 摩尔比为 65%、体系 pH 为 7.0 为最优比例。
探针与Ag ${}^{+ }$ 反应过程需要一定的时间,两者必须达到反应平衡才能保证结论的准确性和灵敏度。 图 5 为不同浓度Ag ${}^{+ }$ 条件下, 体系响应的时间动力学过程, 横坐标为反应时间, 纵坐标为SERS相对强度,在Ag ${}^{+ }$ 浓度较高的情况下,体系率先达到反应平衡,Ag ${}^{+ }$ 浓度较低时反应达到平衡的时间较长,但总体上来说,在 ${12}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ 时,基本上达到反应平衡状态。因此选择反应时间为 ${12}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ 为最佳反应时间。
图 6 所示, ${1076}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 处的 SERS 强度随着Ag ${}^{+ }$ 浓度的增加而上升。 图 7 A 为不同Ag ${}^{+ }$ 浓度下 ${1076}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 处的标准 SERS 曲线,在 ${10}\sim {850}\mathrm{{nmol}}/\mathrm{L}$ 的范围内随着Ag ${}^{+ }$ 浓度的升高, SERS 强度呈现出对数递增的特点, 根据该特性对数据进行适当处理: 把浓度为 ${850}\mathrm{\;{nmol}}/\mathrm{L}$ 条件下 ${1076}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 处的 SERS 强度做标准化参考值 ${I}_{0}$ ,不同浓度的Ag ${}^{+ }$ 位于 ${1076}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 处的 SERS 值做标准化校准 $\left({\mathrm{R}= {\Delta I}/{I}_{0}}\right)$ 。经过校正的结果如 图7 $\mathrm{\;B}$ 所示,Ag ${}^{+ }$ 浓度的自然对数与标准化 SERS 强度表现出线性关系。线性回归方程 $y ={0.33179x}- {0.00517}, x$ 轴表示Ag ${}^{+ }$ 浓度的自然数对数, $y$ 轴表示 ${1076}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 处的标准化 SERS 强度,相关系数 $\left({r}^{2}\right)$ 为 0.98345 。 将空白的平均信号进行标准化, 标准化后的值加上 3 倍标准偏差 (0.034), 计算结果代入线性回归方程中, 计算最低检出限为 ${36}\mathrm{{pmol}}/\mathrm{L}$ ,实验证明该方法灵敏度高、响应时间短,其线性范围满足世界卫生组织对于饮用水中Ag ${}^{+ }$ 的最低检出浓度 (46 nmol/L) 的要求 [ 3 ] ,具备较强的应用价值。
图 8 所示,添加 ${100}\mathrm{{nmol}}/\mathrm{L}$ 的Ag ${}^{+ }$ 后 SERS 的强度在 ${1076}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 附近有明显的特征峰,而其他种类的金属离子在 ${1076}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 没有明显特征峰。 图 9 则表示Ag ${}^{+ }$ 与其他金属离子竞争反应,共同孵育 ${12}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ 后在 ${1076}{\mathrm{\;{cm}}}^{-1}$ 处的标准化相对 SERS 强度,可以看到,其他金属离子对Ag ${}^{+ }$ 的检测结果无明显干扰。 综上所述, 说明该方法具有较好选择性。
按照此方法对Ag ${}^{+ }$ 浓度为 ${50}\mathrm{{nmol}}/\mathrm{L}$${500}\mathrm{{nmol}}/\mathrm{L}$ 的加标样品进行检测, 结果如 表 1 所示, 三者加标回收率在 95.28%~102.9%,相对标准偏差为 0.79%~3.73%,说明该方法可以用于自来水和湖水中的Ag ${}^{+ }$ 的检测。为了进一步验证该方法准确性, 采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪分别检测加标量为 ${50}\mathrm{{nmol}}/\mathrm{L}$${500}\mathrm{{nmol}}/\mathrm{L}$ 浓度Ag ${}^{+ }$ 的湖水,每组样品进行 3 次平衡测定, 测定结果取平均值。如 表 2表 3 所示。 结果显示感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪测得结果和 SERS 检测方法得出结果基本一致, 说明了该方法具备良好的可行性和准确性。
本研究设计了一种检测水中Ag ${}^{+ }$ 的新型 SERS 探针,该方法将特异性多肽与 SERS 基底有机地结合起来, 充分利用了SERS 技术在超灵敏检测方面的优势。对比其他检测方法, SERS 探针构建简单、稳定易保存;且该方法灵敏度高、特异性强、检测范围宽、检测限低、检测时间短。通过加标回收实验表明,该方法完全具备进行现场快速检测的潜力。
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*许庆鹏,硕士,工程师,主要研究方向:食品及食品相关产品安全检测。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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