Article(id=1156668072472728340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1156668069717070592, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753700758330, onlineDateStr=2025-07-28, pubDate=1730995200000, pubDateStr=2024-11-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753700758330, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753700758330, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753700758330, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156668069717070592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, year='2024', volume='2', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='172', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=3, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1753700757674, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753750130111, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1156875152794411009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1156668069717070592, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1156875152798605314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1156668069717070592, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=161, endPage=163, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156668072984433433, articleId=1156668072472728340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, language=EN, title=Evaluation of uncertainty in the determination of thiomersal content in Adsorbed Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Acellular Pertussis Combined Vaccine, columnId=1156641066674676444, journalTitle=Laboratory Testing, columnName=Evaluation and Analysis, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To establish a titration method for evaluating the uncertainty in the determination of thiomersal content in adsorbed diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis combined vaccine, and to identify the sources of significant uncertainty, improve laboratory detection ability. Methods The titration method was established according to the first method of the General Rules 3115 in the 2020 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China, a mathematical model was established, and the sources of uncertainty in the detection process were analyzed to synthesize the standard uncertainty and extended uncertainty. Results In the determination of thiomersal content, all influencing factors have a certain effect. After type A evaluation and type B evaluation, the extended uncertainty${U}_{\mathrm{{rel}}}= {4.72}\%\left({K = 2}\right)$was obtained. Conclusion After evaluating the uncertainty introduced by each factor, it was found that the factors introducing significant uncertainty are mainly the titration process of the test sample. It is suggested that the titration process in low-temperature and other conditions be considered in subsequent method improvements.

, correspAuthors=Yong-Rong WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*WANG Yong-Rong, Master, Pharmacist in Charge, Yunnan Provincial Institute for Food and Drug Control, MIIT Public Service Platform for Industrial Technology Foundation, Kunming 650101, China. E-mail:
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目的 建立滴定法测定吸附无细胞百白破疫苗硫柳汞含量不确定度评定方法, 发现引起较大不确定度的来源, 提高实验室检测能力。方法 采用 2020 年版《中华人民共和国药典》通则 3115 第一法滴定法, 建立数学模型分析检测过程中不确定度的来源,并合成标准不确定度及扩展不确定度。结果 在影响硫柳汞含量测定中,各影响因素均有一定的作用,经 A 类评定和 B 类评定,求得扩展不确定度${U}_{\mathrm{{rel}}}$(含量)$={4.72}\%\left({K = 2}\right)$。结论 经对各因素引入的不确定度评定发现, 引入较大不确定度的因素主要是供试品的滴定过程, 可在后续方法改进中考虑滴定过程处在低温等条件下。

, correspAuthors=王永蓉, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*王永蓉,硕士,主管药师,研究方向为生物制品批签发检验。E-mail:
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王玮,硕士,主管药师,研究方向为生物制品批签发检验。

王永蓉,硕士,主管药师,研究方向为生物制品批签发检验。

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王永蓉,硕士,主管药师,研究方向为生物制品批签发检验。

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标准汞溶液浓度 ${50\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 1 2 3 4
使用滴定液体积(mL) 35.20 35.10 36.25 36.25
平均值(mL) 35.70
标准偏差(mL) 0.6364
), ArticleFig(id=1156668082488726466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668072472728340, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=汞标准液消耗滴定液体积及其不确定度, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
标准汞溶液浓度 ${50\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 1 2 3 4
使用滴定液体积(mL) 35.20 35.10 36.25 36.25
平均值(mL) 35.70
标准偏差(mL) 0.6364
), ArticleFig(id=1156668082547446723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668072472728340, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Volume of titrant consumed by the test sample and its uncertainty, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
供试品 1 2 3 4
使用滴定液体积(mL) 4.53 4.24 4.51 4.51
标准汞消耗滴定液体积平均值(mL) 35.15
供试品硫柳汞含量(%) 0.001300.00122 0.001300.00130
标准偏差(%) 0.00004
), ArticleFig(id=1156668082601972676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668072472728340, language=CN, label=表 2, caption=供试品消耗的滴定液体积及其不确定度, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
供试品 1 2 3 4
使用滴定液体积(mL) 4.53 4.24 4.51 4.51
标准汞消耗滴定液体积平均值(mL) 35.15
供试品硫柳汞含量(%) 0.001300.00122 0.001300.00130
标准偏差(%) 0.00004
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吸附无细胞百白破联合疫苗中硫柳汞含量测定的不确定度评定
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王玮 1 , 杨雁霞 1 , 罗文君 2 , 王永蓉 1, *
实验室检测 | 评价与分析 2024,2(11): 161-163
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实验室检测 | 评价与分析 2024, 2(11): 161-163
吸附无细胞百白破联合疫苗中硫柳汞含量测定的不确定度评定
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王玮1, 杨雁霞1, 罗文君2, 王永蓉1, *
作者信息
  • 1 云南省食品药品监督检验研究院 工业和信息化部产业技术基础公共服务平台 昆明 650101
  • 2 云南总队综合信息保障中心 昆明 650000
  • 王玮,硕士,主管药师,研究方向为生物制品批签发检验。

    王永蓉,硕士,主管药师,研究方向为生物制品批签发检验。

通讯作者:

*王永蓉,硕士,主管药师,研究方向为生物制品批签发检验。E-mail:
Evaluation of uncertainty in the determination of thiomersal content in Adsorbed Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Acellular Pertussis Combined Vaccine
Wei WANG1, Yan-Xia YANG1, Wen-Jun LUO2, Yong-Rong WANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1 MIIT Public Service Platform for Industrial Technology Foundation Yunnan Provincial Institute for Food and Drug Control Kunming 650101 China
  • 2 Yunnan Corps Comprehensive Information Security Center Kunming 650000 China
出版时间: 2024-11-08
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目的 建立滴定法测定吸附无细胞百白破疫苗硫柳汞含量不确定度评定方法, 发现引起较大不确定度的来源, 提高实验室检测能力。方法 采用 2020 年版《中华人民共和国药典》通则 3115 第一法滴定法, 建立数学模型分析检测过程中不确定度的来源,并合成标准不确定度及扩展不确定度。结果 在影响硫柳汞含量测定中,各影响因素均有一定的作用,经 A 类评定和 B 类评定,求得扩展不确定度${U}_{\mathrm{{rel}}}$(含量)$={4.72}\%\left({K = 2}\right)$。结论 经对各因素引入的不确定度评定发现, 引入较大不确定度的因素主要是供试品的滴定过程, 可在后续方法改进中考虑滴定过程处在低温等条件下。

吸附无细胞百白破联合疫苗  /  硫柳汞含量测定  /  滴定法  /  不确定度

Objective To establish a titration method for evaluating the uncertainty in the determination of thiomersal content in adsorbed diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis combined vaccine, and to identify the sources of significant uncertainty, improve laboratory detection ability. Methods The titration method was established according to the first method of the General Rules 3115 in the 2020 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China, a mathematical model was established, and the sources of uncertainty in the detection process were analyzed to synthesize the standard uncertainty and extended uncertainty. Results In the determination of thiomersal content, all influencing factors have a certain effect. After type A evaluation and type B evaluation, the extended uncertainty${U}_{\mathrm{{rel}}}= {4.72}\%\left({K = 2}\right)$was obtained. Conclusion After evaluating the uncertainty introduced by each factor, it was found that the factors introducing significant uncertainty are mainly the titration process of the test sample. It is suggested that the titration process in low-temperature and other conditions be considered in subsequent method improvements.

Adsorbed Diphtheria  /  Tetanus  /  and Acellular Pertussis Combined Vaccine  /  thiomersal  /  titration method  /  uncertainty
王玮, 杨雁霞, 罗文君, 王永蓉. 吸附无细胞百白破联合疫苗中硫柳汞含量测定的不确定度评定. 实验室检测, 2024 , 2 (11) : 161 -163 .
Wei WANG, Yan-Xia YANG, Wen-Jun LUO, Yong-Rong WANG. Evaluation of uncertainty in the determination of thiomersal content in Adsorbed Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Acellular Pertussis Combined Vaccine[J]. Laboratory Testing, 2024 , 2 (11) : 161 -163 .
目前,在实验室测量行业中,测量结果包含其不确定度方可完整、有意义已成为业内共识,不确定度主要用来表示测量结果的分散性,其大小可表现测量结果的可靠性[1-3],而在实验室中对检测过程进行不确定度评定利于实验人员识别并评定出对检测过程带来较大不确定度的因素, 并对引起较大不确定度的因素提出措施进行改进, 减少实验的误差, 可更好地提高实验结果的可靠性, 提升实验室检测能力。尤其是近几年我国生物制品快速发展, 成为药品的重要组成部分, 由于生物制品的活性物质主要为大分子活性物质, 所用的检测手段和检测方法与普通的化学药和中药都有很大的区别[4],准确度、精密度等方面的表现较化学药品的方法要更难提高, 因此, 不确定度评定在生物制品中的应用更为重要。
吸附无细胞百白破联合疫苗在生产工艺中会使用硫柳汞, 主要用在工作菌株对数生长后期或静止期前期作为杀菌剂[5], 硫柳汞是一种含有乙基汞的化合物, 研究发现其对疫苗的质量稳定性以及安全性有一定的影响[6-9],因此,需检测吸附无细胞百白破联合疫苗成品中硫柳汞的残留量。目前,检测硫柳汞的法定方法收录在 2020 年版《中华人民共和国药典》三部,主要有滴定法和原子吸收分光光度法, 尽管仪器法较滴定法优势较多[10],但由于滴定法成本较低,且操作方便,很多企业仍采用滴定法, 因此对该方法进行研究仍有必要性。滴定法目前操作已经比较成熟, 但由于药典中对该方法的细节没有详细描述, 且涉及消化过程, 所用溶剂均为有机试剂, 影响实验结果的因素较多,因此,对该实验过程进行不确定度评定就显得尤为必要, 经文献查阅,目前没有对滴定法测硫柳汞含量进行不确定度分析的研究, 因此, 本文建立滴定法测定硫柳汞含量的不确定度评定方法, 使实验室检验过程及检验结果更为科学可靠[11]
氯化汞(≥99.5%, AR 级,国药集团化学试剂有限公司); 双硫腙 (5 g/包, AR 级,国药集团化学试剂有限公司); 吸附无细胞百白破联合疫苗成品, 某企业生产的一批次成品。
数字瓶口滴定仪 (Titrette,${25}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ , BRAND); 移液器 (10 100μL、100 1000μL, BRAND);电子天平 [ 十万分之一, MCA125P-2CCN-U-QP1,赛多利斯科学仪器 (北京) 有限公司]。
$1\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 标准汞溶液配制: 精密称取氯化汞${0.135}\mathrm{\;g}$ ,用 0.5 mol/L 硫酸溶液溶解,稀释定容至${100}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 容量瓶中,混匀。
${50\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 标准汞溶液: 取$1\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 标准汞溶液${100\mu }\mathrm{L}$ ,加入${0.5}\mathrm{\;{mol}}/\mathrm{L}$ 硫酸溶液${1900\mu }\mathrm{L}$ 。
0.05% 双硫腙滴定液: 精密称取${50}\mathrm{{mg}}$ 的双硫腙,加入三氯甲烷溶解并定容至${100}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 容量瓶中,混匀。
0.00125% 双硫腙滴定液: 取 0.05% 双硫腙滴定液2500$\mu \mathrm{L}$ 于${100}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 容量瓶中,用四氯化碳定容,混匀。
(1)消化:精密量取供试品${1000\mu }\mathrm{L}$ ,置于试管中,分别加入硫酸 2 mL、8.0 mol/L 硝酸溶液 0.5 mL,混匀,盖好盖子, 置于${85}_{\sim }{90}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 水浴中加热$1\mathrm{\;h}$ 。冷却后加水${40}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ ,再加${20}\%$ 盐酸羟胺溶液$5\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 。
(2)滴定:用水${40}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 将上述消化后溶液分数次冲洗并转移至${125}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 分液漏斗中,用 0.00125% 双硫腙滴定液滴定,每次加入滴定液后,振摇${10}\mathrm{\;s}$ ,静置分层,弃去四氯化碳层,继续滴定,直至双硫腙滴定液绿色不变,即为终点。
(3)标化双硫腙滴定液:精密量取标准汞溶液$1\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 于${125}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 分液漏斗中,加硫酸$2\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 、水${80}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 和${20}\%$ 盐酸羟胺溶液$5\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ ,自 “(2) 滴定” 中 “用双硫腙滴定液滴定” 起同法操作[1]
硫柳汞含量$\left(\%\right)= \frac{{V}_{1}\times {0.050}\times {2.02}}{{V}_{2}\times {V}_{3}\times {1000}}\times {100}$ (1)
式中${V}_{1}$ 为供试品消耗滴定液的体积,$\mathrm{{mL}};{V}_{2}$ 为标准汞溶液消耗滴定液的体积,$\mathrm{{mL}};{V}_{3}$ 为供试品的体积,$\mathrm{{mL}};{0.05}$ 为标准汞溶液的浓度, mg/mL;2.02 为常数$(1\mathrm{\;g}$ 汞相当于${2.02}\mathrm{\;g}$ 硫柳汞)。
不确定度的来源根据实验过程和数学模型进行分析, 本实验中, 除称取、配制标准品, 称取、配制滴定液, 标化, 量取供试品会引入不确定度外, 由于供试品的前处理过程较为繁琐, 要将供试品置于${85}\sim {90}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 水浴中加热$1\mathrm{\;h}$ ,冷却后加水${40}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ , 再加${20}\%$ 盐酸羟胺溶液$5\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 。用水${40}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 将上述消化后溶液分数次冲洗并转移至${125}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 分液漏斗中,此过程也会引入较大不确定度。因此, 确定不确定度来源, 由以下五种因素引起: ① 配制$1\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 汞溶液引入的不确定度;②配制${50}\mathrm{{\mu g}}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 标准汞溶液引入的不确定度;③双硫腙滴定液的标化;④滴定供试品引入的不确定度;⑤量取供试品体积引入的不确定度。
所用天平为十万分之一天平, 检定证书称量允差为$\pm {0.00001}\mathrm{\;g}$,视为矩形分布$\left({k =\sqrt{3}}\right)$,则天平称取标准品${0.13500}\mathrm{\;g}$的相对称量不确定度${u}_{\text{rel }}\left( M\right)$见式 (2)
${u}_{\text{rel }}\left( M\right)= \frac{0.00001}{\sqrt{3}\times {0.13500}}$
${100}\mathrm{\;{mL}}\mathrm{\;A}$级容量瓶的最大允许误差为${0.10}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$,按三角形分布,其相对不确定度${u}_{\text{rel }}\left({V}_{\mathcal{容}}\right)$见式 (3)
${u}_{\text{rel }}\left({V}_{\text{容 }}\right)= \frac{0.10}{\sqrt{6}\times {100}}$
合成配制$1\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{mL}}$汞溶液的相对不确定度${u}_{\mathrm{{rel}}}\left({\text{标 }}_{1}\right)$见式 (4)
${u}_{\text{rel }}\left({\bar{标}}_{1}\right)= \sqrt{{\left(\frac{0.00001}{\sqrt{3}\times {0.1350}}\right)}^{2}+ {\left(\frac{0.10}{\sqrt{6}\times {100}}\right)}^{2}}= {0.0410}\%$
所使用移液器分别为${100\mu }\mathrm{L}$和${1000\mu }\mathrm{L}$移液器,${100\mu }\mathrm{L}$的移液器最大允许误差${2.0\mu }\mathrm{L},{1000\mu }\mathrm{L}$移液器最大允许误差为${10\mu }\mathrm{L}$,为均匀分布,${100\mu }\mathrm{L}$的移液器引入的相对不确定度为$\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}\times {100}};{1000\mu }\mathrm{L}$移液器引入的相对不确定度为$\frac{10}{\sqrt{3}\times {1000}}$, 合成移液器引入的相对不确定度${u}_{\mathrm{{rel}}}$(标${}_{2}$) 见式 (5)
${u}_{\text{rel }}\left({\text{ 标 }}_{2}\right)= \sqrt{{\left(\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}\times {100}}\right)}^{2}+ {\left(\frac{10}{\sqrt{3}\times {1000}}\right)}^{2}+ {\left(\frac{10}{\sqrt{3}\times {1000}}\right)}^{2}}= {1.4142}\%$
数字瓶口滴定仪的校准依据参照 JJG 646-2006《移液器检定规程》,该规程没有规定${25}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$校准点的容量允差,因此本研究用 A 类评定评价标化过程的不确定度。
双硫腙滴定液标化引起的不确定度: 配制${50\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{mL}}$标准汞溶液,用双硫腙滴定液滴定,平行重复 4 次测定,结果见表 1
平行测定 4 次,消耗滴定液体积的平均值为${35.70}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$,标准偏差$s ={0.6364}$,相对不确定度${u}_{\text{rel }}\left({C}_{\text{cal }1}\right)$见式 (6)。
${u}_{\text{rel }}\left({C}_{\text{call }}\right)= \frac{s}{2 \times {35.70}}= {0.8913}\%$
取吸附无细胞百白破疫苗同一批次 8 支,混匀,取${1000\mu }\mathrm{L}$,用双硫腙滴定液滴定,平行 4 次测定,结果见表 2
平行测定 4 次, 供试品硫柳汞含量的平均值为 0.00128 , 标准偏差$s ={0.00004}$,平均值的相对不确定度${u}_{\text{rel }}\left({C}_{\text{cal }2}\right)$见式 (7)。
${u}_{\text{rel }}\left({C}_{\text{cal }2}\right)= \frac{s}{2 \times {0.00128}}= {1.5625}\%$
$\mathrm{B}$类不确定度,使用${100}\sim {1000\mu }\mathrm{L}$移液器,经证书查询,${1000\mu }\mathrm{L}$移液器最大允许误差为${10\mu }\mathrm{L}$,均匀分布,${1000\mu }\mathrm{L}$移液器引入的相对不确定度为${u}_{\mathrm{{rel}}}\left({V}_{\mathrm{样}}\right)$见式 (8)。
${u}_{\text{rel }}\left({V}_{\text{样 }}\right)= \frac{10}{\sqrt{3}\times {1000}}= {0.5774}\%$
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  • 首发时间:2025-07-28
  • 出版时间:2024-11-08
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    1 云南省食品药品监督检验研究院 工业和信息化部产业技术基础公共服务平台 昆明 650101
    2 云南总队综合信息保障中心 昆明 650000

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*王永蓉,硕士,主管药师,研究方向为生物制品批签发检验。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Number of
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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