Article(id=1156668071151526748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1156668069717070592, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753700758016, onlineDateStr=2025-07-28, pubDate=1730995200000, pubDateStr=2024-11-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753700758016, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753700758016, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753700758016, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156668069717070592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, year='2024', volume='2', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='172', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=3, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1753700757674, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753750130111, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1156875152794411009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1156668069717070592, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1156875152798605314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1156668069717070592, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=123, endPage=126, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156668072103633763, articleId=1156668071151526748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, language=EN, title=Analysis of relationship between single nucleotide gene polymorphism and fitness of Yersinia pestis, columnId=1156641066674676444, journalTitle=Laboratory Testing, columnName=Evaluation and Analysis, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective The relationship between fitness and single nucleotide gene polymorphism of Yersinia pestis was investigated. Methods In this paper, the mechanism of GTG in competition between different strains was revealed through continuous in vitro co-incubation competition and in vitro static competition. Results With the increase of passage times, GTG strain quickly became the absolute dominant strain and showed competitive adaptability. Under different stresses (Asp deficiency, weak acid and high salt), GTG and TTG strains showed more remarkable adaptability. In the competitive survival test of macrophages, the ratio of GTG strains to TTG strains did not change significantly. In the intracellular competitive amplification product experiment, mice with GTG: TTG=10: 1, the average dose exceeded the theoretical value during the administration process, resulting in early death of the mice. Conclusion GTG has competitive adaptability among different strains. There was no significant difference between the fitness of GTG and TTG strains in the intracellular competition of macrophages and the competition in mice, but TTG strains showed a fitness advantage in E. coli competition.

, correspAuthors=Chun-Rui LIAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*LIAO Chun-Rui, Chief Inspector, Rodent Control Department, Balinzuoqi Disease Prevention and Control Center, Chifeng 025450, China. E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Chun-Rui LIAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1156668110406017544, articleId=1156668071151526748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, language=CN, title=鼠疫耶尔森氏菌单核苷酸基因多态性与适应度的关系分析, columnId=1152194691782505406, journalTitle=实验室检测, columnName=评价与分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 探究鼠疫耶尔森氏菌单核苷酸基因多态性与适应度的关系。方法 本文通过体外连续传代共孵育竞争、体外静置竞争,揭示 GTG 在不同菌株之间竞争中的作用机制。结果 两种菌株,随传代次数增加,GTG 菌株很快就成为绝对优势,表现出了有竞争性的适应性;GTG菌株与 TTG菌株在不同逆境(Asp缺失、弱酸和高盐)的共同培养下,GTG 菌株具有更显著的适应能力;巨噬细胞的竞争性存活试验中,GTG菌株与TTG菌株的比例并没有明显改变;细胞内竞争性扩增产物实验,GTG菌株: TTG 菌株=10:1的小鼠,在给药过程中,平均给药剂量超过了理论值,从而使小鼠提前死亡。结论 GTG 在不同菌株之间存在竞争适应性。巨噬细胞的细胞内竞争和小鼠体内的竞争实验没有发现 GTG 菌株和 TTG 菌株的适应性有显著的差别,但是 TTG 株在大肠杆菌竞争中体现的适应度优势。

, correspAuthors=廖春瑞, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*廖春瑞,主管检验师,研究方向为鼠疫病原学相关微生物检验。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=sT64o4k1BC5q8P5T5wnMnw==, magXml=atVunV4pHuXblnrNMyN3xA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=WdzaXJ2lZjtG2W/kj8luoQ==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=9OObgXh+ObhXaW2ByvkQEw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

廖春瑞,主管检验师,研究方向为鼠疫病原学相关微生物检验。

, authorsList=廖春瑞)}, authors=[Author(id=1156668121269265228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668071151526748, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=997641116@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1156668121336374095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668071151526748, authorId=1156668121269265228, language=EN, stringName=Chun-Rui LIAO, firstName=Chun-Rui, middleName=null, lastName=LIAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=*, address=Rodent Control Department Balinzuoqi Disease Prevention and Control Center Chifeng 025450 China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1156668121411871573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668071151526748, authorId=1156668121269265228, language=CN, stringName=廖春瑞, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=*, address=巴林左旗疾病预防控制中心 鼠防科 赤峰 025450, bio={"content":"

廖春瑞,主管检验师,研究方向为鼠疫病原学相关微生物检验。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

廖春瑞,主管检验师,研究方向为鼠疫病原学相关微生物检验。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1156668121189573448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668071151526748, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1156668121193767753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668071151526748, companyId=1156668121189573448, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Rodent Control Department Balinzuoqi Disease Prevention and Control Center Chifeng 025450 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1156668121202156362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668071151526748, companyId=1156668121189573448, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=巴林左旗疾病预防控制中心 鼠防科 赤峰 025450)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1156668121718055772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668071151526748, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=Yersinia pestis), Keyword(id=1156668121789358944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668071151526748, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=gene polymorphism), Keyword(id=1156668121864856419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668071151526748, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=fitness), Keyword(id=1156668121944548200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668071151526748, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=鼠疫耶尔森氏菌), Keyword(id=1156668122007462760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668071151526748, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=基因多态性), Keyword(id=1156668122061988715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668071151526748, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=适应度)], refs=[Reference(id=1156668125396460517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668071151526748, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=17, issue=09, pageStart=e1009872, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=CULYBA MJ, VAN TD, journalName=PLoS Pathog, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CULYBA MJ, VAN TD. Bacterial evolution during human infection: Adapt or live or adapt and die[J]. PLoS Pathog, 2021, 17(09): e1009872 ., articleTitle=Bacterial evolution during human infection: Adapt or live or adapt and die, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1156668125471957991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668071151526748, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=19, issue=11, pageStart=726, pageEnd=39, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=HEILBRONNER S, KRISMER B, BROTZ-OESTERHELT H, journalName=Nat Rev Microbiol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HEILBRONNER S, KRISMER B, BROTZ-OESTERHELT H, et al. The microbiome-shaping roles of bacteriocins[J]. Nat Rev Microbiol, 2021, 19(11): 726-39., articleTitle=The microbiome-shaping roles of bacteriocins, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1156668125539066857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668071151526748, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=28, issue=05, pageStart=387, pageEnd=400, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=KLEIN TA, AHMAD S, WHITNEY JC, journalName=Trends Microbiol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KLEIN TA, AHMAD S, WHITNEY JC. Contact-Dependent Interbacterial Antagonism Mediated by Protein Secretion Machines[J]. Trends Microbiol, 2020, 28(05): 387-400., articleTitle=Contact-Dependent Interbacterial Antagonism Mediated by Protein Secretion Machines, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1156668125610370028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668071151526748, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=45, issue=01, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=SOLTANI S, HAMMAMIR , COTTER PD, journalName=FEMS Microbiol Rev, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SOLTANI S, HAMMAMIR , COTTER PD, et al. Bacteriocins as a new generation of antimicrobials: toxicity aspects and regulations[J]. FEMS Microbiol Rev, 2021, 45(01 ):, articleTitle=Bacteriocins as a new generation of antimicrobials: toxicity aspects and regulations, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1156668125677478892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668071151526748, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=34, issue=01, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=BARBIERI R, SIGNOLI M, CHEVE D, journalName=Clin Microbiol Rev, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BARBIERI R, SIGNOLI M, CHEVE D, et al. Yersinia pestis: the Natural History of Plague[J]. Clin Microbiol Rev, 2020, 34(01 ):, articleTitle=Yersinia pestis: the Natural History of Plague, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1156668125752976367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668071151526748, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=30, issue=01, pageStart=138, pageEnd=52, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=ZHOU Z, ALIKHAN NF, MOHAMED K, journalName=Genome Res, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHOU Z, ALIKHAN NF, MOHAMED K, et al. The Entero Base user's guide, with case studies on Salmonella transmissions, Yersinia pestis phylogeny, and Escherichia core genomic diversity[J]. Genome Res, 2020, 30(01): 138-52., articleTitle=The Entero Base user's guide, with case studies on Salmonella transmissions, Yersinia pestis phylogeny, and Escherichia core genomic diversity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1156668125811696625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668071151526748, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=24, issue=04, pageStart=102383, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=SEGUIN-ORLANDO A, COSTEDOAT C, DER SARKISSIAN C, journalName=iScience, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SEGUIN-ORLANDO A, COSTEDOAT C, DER SARKISSIAN C, et al. No particular genomic features underpin the dramatic economic consequences of 17th century plague epidemics in Italy[J]. iScience, 2021, 24(04): 102383 ., articleTitle=No particular genomic features underpin the dramatic economic consequences of 17th century plague epidemics in Italy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1156668125862028275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668071151526748, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=14, issue=01, pageStart=317, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=MIARINJARA A, BLAND DM, BELTHOFF JR, journalName=Parasit Vectors, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MIARINJARA A, BLAND DM, BELTHOFF JR, et al. Poor vector competence of the human flea, Pulexirritans, to transmit Yersinia pestis[J]. Parasit Vectors, 2021, 14(01): 317 ., articleTitle=Poor vector competence of the human flea, Pulexirritans, to transmit Yersinia pestis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1156668125929137141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668071151526748, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=38, issue=10, pageStart=4059, pageEnd=76, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=IMMEL A, KEY FM, SZOLEK A, journalName=Mol Biol Evol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=IMMEL A, KEY FM, SZOLEK A, et al. Analysis of Genomic DNA from Medieval Plague Victims Suggests Long-Term Effect of Yersinia pestis on Human Immunity Genes[J]. Mol Biol Evol, 2021, 38(10): 4059-76., articleTitle=Analysis of Genomic DNA from Medieval Plague Victims Suggests Long-Term Effect of Yersinia pestis on Human Immunity Genes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1156668125987857399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668071151526748, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=21, issue=02, pageStart=e17, pageEnd=e25, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=BARBIERI R, DRANCOURT M, RAOULT D, journalName=Lancet Infect Dis, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BARBIERI R, DRANCOURT M, RAOULT D. The role of louse-transmitted diseases in historical plague pandemics[J]. Lancet Infect Dis, 2021, 21(02): e17-e25., articleTitle=The role of louse-transmitted diseases in historical plague pandemics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1156668126050771960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668071151526748, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=10, issue=01, pageStart=14628, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=SUSAT J, BONCZAROWSKA JH, PETERSONE-GORDINA E, journalName=Sci Rep, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUSAT J, BONCZAROWSKA JH, PETERSONE-GORDINA E, et al. Yersinia pestis strains from Latvia show depletion of the pla virulence gene at the end of the second plague pandemic[J]. Sci Rep, 2020, 10(01): 14628 ., articleTitle=Yersinia pestis strains from Latvia show depletion of the pla virulence gene at the end of the second plague pandemic, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1156668126117880825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668071151526748, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=21, issue=08, pageStart=857, pageEnd=67, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=PARK YH, REMMERS EF, LEE W, journalName=Nat Immunol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PARK YH, REMMERS EF, LEE W, et al. Ancient familial Mediterranean fever mutations in human pyrin and resistance to Yersinia pestis[J]. Nat Immunol, 2020, 21(08): 857-67., articleTitle=Ancient familial Mediterranean fever mutations in human pyrin and resistance to Yersinia pestis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1156668126214349818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668071151526748, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=12, issue=02, pageStart=3832, pageEnd=49, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=NILSSON P, SOLBAKKEN MH, SCHMID BV, journalName=Genome Biol Evol, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NILSSON P, SOLBAKKEN MH, SCHMID BV, et al. The Genome of the Great Gerbil Reveals Species-Specific Duplication of an MHCII Gene[J]. Genome Biol Evol, 2020, 12(02): 3832-49., articleTitle=The Genome of the Great Gerbil Reveals Species-Specific Duplication of an MHCII Gene, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1156668126277264380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668071151526748, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=375, issue=1812, pageStart=20190569, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=MOROZOVA I, KASIANOV A, BRUSKIN S, journalName=Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MOROZOVA I, KASIANOV A, BRUSKIN S, et al. New ancient Eastern European Yersinia pestis genomes illuminate the dispersal of plague in Europe[J]. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 2020, 375(1812): 20190569 ., articleTitle=New ancient Eastern European Yersinia pestis genomes illuminate the dispersal of plague in Europe, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1156668126335984638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668071151526748, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=117, issue=45, pageStart=28328, pageEnd=28335, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=GUELLIL M, KERSTEN O, NAMOUCHI A, journalName=Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GUELLIL M, KERSTEN O, NAMOUCHI A, et al. A genomic and historical synthesis of plague in 18th century Eurasia[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2020, 117(45): 28328-28335., articleTitle=A genomic and historical synthesis of plague in 18th century Eurasia, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1156668121189573448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668071151526748, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1156668121193767753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668071151526748, companyId=1156668121189573448, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Rodent Control Department Balinzuoqi Disease Prevention and Control Center Chifeng 025450 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1156668121202156362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668071151526748, companyId=1156668121189573448, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=巴林左旗疾病预防控制中心 鼠防科 赤峰 025450)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1156668124616319943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668071151526748, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Competition results of 12 hours interval passage in total culture, figureFileSmall=6gq2e0oqlMW6VrWjO88gWA==, figureFileBig=AzDhqX5pmTTG1GIOScXPCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156668124687623112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668071151526748, language=CN, label=图 1, caption=共培养 12 小时间隔传代的竞争结果, figureFileSmall=6gq2e0oqlMW6VrWjO88gWA==, figureFileBig=AzDhqX5pmTTG1GIOScXPCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156668124758926282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668071151526748, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Competition between two strains during continuous passage under three pressures for 12 hours, figureFileSmall=jhOQ+xbdYUvQ17PC+WfmGA==, figureFileBig=XbHE+XyErNV9vYGZGjpL6A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156668124821840843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668071151526748, language=CN, label=图 2, caption=两个菌株在三种压力下 12 小时的连续传代过程中的竞争情况, figureFileSmall=jhOQ+xbdYUvQ17PC+WfmGA==, figureFileBig=XbHE+XyErNV9vYGZGjpL6A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156668124884755405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668071151526748, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Static competition experiment of two bacteria under stress condition, figureFileSmall=3yZIp4KsnPnIgvWu2D1FWw==, figureFileBig=r9mY7NuVIwOau3z4mtoUuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156668124939281360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668071151526748, language=CN, label=图 3, caption=两种细菌在逆境条件下的静态竞争实验, figureFileSmall=3yZIp4KsnPnIgvWu2D1FWw==, figureFileBig=r9mY7NuVIwOau3z4mtoUuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156668124998001619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668071151526748, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Intracellular competition experiment between two bacteria, figureFileSmall=9K7x1VCtiQywantimR8u7g==, figureFileBig=vbBbhh687UfQB25irx//vA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156668125060916182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668071151526748, language=CN, label=图 4, caption=两种细菌的细胞内竞争实验, figureFileSmall=9K7x1VCtiQywantimR8u7g==, figureFileBig=vbBbhh687UfQB25irx//vA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156668125119636440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668071151526748, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Survival curve of mice competing with killer toxins in vivo, figureFileSmall=bnm+lPcZ7uX+RwfIx4t1Ig==, figureFileBig=J0bgAzekXxnp6iRtfkbgpA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156668125190939611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668071151526748, language=CN, label=图 5, caption=小鼠在体竞争杀伤毒素的存活曲线, figureFileSmall=bnm+lPcZ7uX+RwfIx4t1Ig==, figureFileBig=J0bgAzekXxnp6iRtfkbgpA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1156668125249659870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668071151526748, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Mixing rate of two kinds of bacteria within 12 hours, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 菌量/比例
总体积 $V$ ${250\mu }\mathrm{L}$
GTG : TTG 理论值 1 : 1 1 : 100
预期 GTG 菌量 ${2.67}\times {10}^{7}\mathrm{{CFU}}$ ${9.56}\times {10}^{5}\mathrm{{CFU}}$
预期 TTG 菌量 ${2.69}\times {10}^{7}\mathrm{{CFU}}$ ${9.70}\times {10}^{7}\mathrm{{CFU}}$
GTG 菌液浓度 ${1.85}\times {10}^{8}\mathrm{{CFU}}/\mathrm{{mL}}$
TTG 菌液浓度 ${2.51}\times {10}^{8}\mathrm{{CFU}}/\mathrm{{mL}}$
GTG : TTG 实际值 ${2.34}: 1$ $1 :{31.8}$
实际 GTG 菌量 ${3.51}\times {10}^{7}\mathrm{{CFU}}$ ${1.26}\times {10}^{6}\mathrm{{CFU}}$
实际 TTG 菌量 ${1.50}\times {10}^{7}\mathrm{{CFU}}$ ${3.99}\times {10}^{7}\mathrm{{CFU}}$
), ArticleFig(id=1156668125299991521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668071151526748, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=两种细菌在 12 小时内的混菌比例, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 菌量/比例
总体积 $V$ ${250\mu }\mathrm{L}$
GTG : TTG 理论值 1 : 1 1 : 100
预期 GTG 菌量 ${2.67}\times {10}^{7}\mathrm{{CFU}}$ ${9.56}\times {10}^{5}\mathrm{{CFU}}$
预期 TTG 菌量 ${2.69}\times {10}^{7}\mathrm{{CFU}}$ ${9.70}\times {10}^{7}\mathrm{{CFU}}$
GTG 菌液浓度 ${1.85}\times {10}^{8}\mathrm{{CFU}}/\mathrm{{mL}}$
TTG 菌液浓度 ${2.51}\times {10}^{8}\mathrm{{CFU}}/\mathrm{{mL}}$
GTG : TTG 实际值 ${2.34}: 1$ $1 :{31.8}$
实际 GTG 菌量 ${3.51}\times {10}^{7}\mathrm{{CFU}}$ ${1.26}\times {10}^{6}\mathrm{{CFU}}$
实际 TTG 菌量 ${1.50}\times {10}^{7}\mathrm{{CFU}}$ ${3.99}\times {10}^{7}\mathrm{{CFU}}$
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1146118849029578755, delFlag=0, nameCn=实验室检测, nameEn=Laboratory Testing, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=2097-261X, eissn=, cn=10-1875/TB, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=是, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=Dmoi7fiemaDGWUxiXPMi1g==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Lab Test, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=null, updatedTime=1778470330175, createdBy=null, updatedBy=18614031015, firstLetterCn=L, firstLetterEn=L, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=工程, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=Dmoi7fiemaDGWUxiXPMi1g==, picEn=1VW7aV1haIq706bPcrSXYQ==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1208043431218225520, language=CN, name=实验室检测, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=国家市场监督管理总局, sponsoredBy=中国检验检测学会, publishedBy=《实验室检测》编辑部, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=《实验室检测》(国内统一刊号: CN 10-1875/TB, 国际标准刊号: ISSN 2097-261X, 半月刊), 创刊于2023年5月, 由国家市场监督管理总局主管, 中国检验检测学会主办, 是一本国内外公开发行, 专注于实验室检测类的学术期刊。现已被《中国学术期刊网络出版总库》(CNKI)、“万方数据 数字化期刊群”等数据库全文收录。主要包括以下栏目: (1) 聚焦话题;(2) 热点解读;(3) 合规咨讯;(4) 研究前沿;(5) 创新应用;(6) 评价与分析;(7) 科创平台;(8) 标准推广, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1765949598364, updatedTime=1765949598364, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=, submissionEditorUrl=, submissionReviewUrl=, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1208043431264362865, language=EN, name=Laboratory Testing, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1765949598375, updatedTime=1765949598375, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=, submissionEditorUrl=, submissionReviewUrl=, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1146119944283992078, websiteList=[Website(id=1148243202374623651, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1146119944283992078, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/sysjc/CN, language=CN, createTime=1751692112773, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1753520557560, updateBy=18614031015, name=实验室检测-中文站点, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=实验室检测, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1155912534570950828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202374623651, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1753520624058, updateTime=1753520624058, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155912534554173609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202374623651, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1753520624054, updateTime=1753520624054, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155912534545785000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202374623651, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic?fileId=gxmh/wpj2QaxtghYq950Aw==, createTime=1753520624052, updateTime=1753520624052, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155912534562562219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202374623651, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/kjdb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1753520624056, updateTime=1753520624056, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1155912534558367914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1148243202374623651, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1753520624055, updateTime=1753520624055, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=实验室检测, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Laboratory Testing, journalPhotoCn=Dmoi7fiemaDGWUxiXPMi1g==, journalPhotoEn=1VW7aV1haIq706bPcrSXYQ==, journalFirstLetter=L, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/sysjc/CN/Y2024/V2/I11/123, detailUrlEn=/Y2024/V2/I11/123, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/sysjc/CN/PDF/Y2024/V2/I11/123, pdfUrlEn=/PDF/Y2024/V2/I11/123, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
鼠疫耶尔森氏菌单核苷酸基因多态性与适应度的关系分析
收藏切换
PDF下载
廖春瑞 *
实验室检测 | 评价与分析 2024,2(11): 123-126
收起
收藏切换
实验室检测 | 评价与分析 2024, 2(11): 123-126
鼠疫耶尔森氏菌单核苷酸基因多态性与适应度的关系分析
全屏
廖春瑞*
作者信息
  • 巴林左旗疾病预防控制中心 鼠防科 赤峰 025450
  • 廖春瑞,主管检验师,研究方向为鼠疫病原学相关微生物检验。

通讯作者:

*廖春瑞,主管检验师,研究方向为鼠疫病原学相关微生物检验。E-mail:
Analysis of relationship between single nucleotide gene polymorphism and fitness of Yersinia pestis
Chun-Rui LIAO*
Affiliations
  • Rodent Control Department Balinzuoqi Disease Prevention and Control Center Chifeng 025450 China
出版时间: 2024-11-08
文章导航
收藏切换

目的 探究鼠疫耶尔森氏菌单核苷酸基因多态性与适应度的关系。方法 本文通过体外连续传代共孵育竞争、体外静置竞争,揭示 GTG 在不同菌株之间竞争中的作用机制。结果 两种菌株,随传代次数增加,GTG 菌株很快就成为绝对优势,表现出了有竞争性的适应性;GTG菌株与 TTG菌株在不同逆境(Asp缺失、弱酸和高盐)的共同培养下,GTG 菌株具有更显著的适应能力;巨噬细胞的竞争性存活试验中,GTG菌株与TTG菌株的比例并没有明显改变;细胞内竞争性扩增产物实验,GTG菌株: TTG 菌株=10:1的小鼠,在给药过程中,平均给药剂量超过了理论值,从而使小鼠提前死亡。结论 GTG 在不同菌株之间存在竞争适应性。巨噬细胞的细胞内竞争和小鼠体内的竞争实验没有发现 GTG 菌株和 TTG 菌株的适应性有显著的差别,但是 TTG 株在大肠杆菌竞争中体现的适应度优势。

鼠疫耶尔森氏菌  /  基因多态性  /  适应度

Objective The relationship between fitness and single nucleotide gene polymorphism of Yersinia pestis was investigated. Methods In this paper, the mechanism of GTG in competition between different strains was revealed through continuous in vitro co-incubation competition and in vitro static competition. Results With the increase of passage times, GTG strain quickly became the absolute dominant strain and showed competitive adaptability. Under different stresses (Asp deficiency, weak acid and high salt), GTG and TTG strains showed more remarkable adaptability. In the competitive survival test of macrophages, the ratio of GTG strains to TTG strains did not change significantly. In the intracellular competitive amplification product experiment, mice with GTG: TTG=10: 1, the average dose exceeded the theoretical value during the administration process, resulting in early death of the mice. Conclusion GTG has competitive adaptability among different strains. There was no significant difference between the fitness of GTG and TTG strains in the intracellular competition of macrophages and the competition in mice, but TTG strains showed a fitness advantage in E. coli competition.

Yersinia pestis  /  gene polymorphism  /  fitness
廖春瑞. 鼠疫耶尔森氏菌单核苷酸基因多态性与适应度的关系分析. 实验室检测, 2024 , 2 (11) : 123 -126 .
Chun-Rui LIAO. Analysis of relationship between single nucleotide gene polymorphism and fitness of Yersinia pestis[J]. Laboratory Testing, 2024 , 2 (11) : 123 -126 .
鼠疫耶尔森氏菌(鼠疫菌)是引起鼠疫、肺鼠疫和败血病的重要病原,是全球三次鼠疫大爆发的重要病原。最近的古代 DNA 研究表明,鼠疫菌是由食入食物的假结核耶尔森氏菌(简称 “假结核杆菌” 进化而来的[1-4]。在自然界,细菌对逆境的耐受性既表现为对逆境的耐受,又表现为与其他细菌的竞争[4-6]。 本项目拟通过室内培养试验, 研究不同菌种在不同压力下的存活情况, 量化各菌种在混合培养过程中所占的比例, 从而更好地反映各菌种在混合培养过程中的竞争优势。本项目拟采用竞争试验方法, 定量评估不同菌种在资源受限条件下的适应能力。 在此基础上, 通过不同的共培养条件, 比较两个菌株在不同条件下的适应性。同时,通过转录组学分析[7-8],发现 GTG 菌株与 TTG 菌株中鼠疫杆菌的基因 pst 表达有明显差异, 而鼠疫杆菌是一类细菌素[9-11],其合成能够防止其他近缘菌入侵,有利于鼠疫菌在鼠疫菌中的生存环境形成并保持稳定[12-15]。为此, 本课题拟通过对 GTG 和 TTG 菌株与大肠杆菌共同培养后的存活情况进行研究。
鼠疫菌 GTG、大肠杆菌 DH5α-pET22b-fyuA 和巨噬细胞 RAW264.7; 购买 18~20 g 的 Balb/C 小鼠。
12 小时连续传代: 通过两个菌株的连续传代, 对比两个菌株在同一培养条件下的适合度差异, 更直观地了解两个菌株在同一培养条件下的适应性优势。首先,通过对两种菌株在 TMH 介质中进行连续 12 小时交替传代, 计算各时间点上两种菌株之间的比例,并绘制出两种菌株之间的竞争关系曲线。其中,${T}_{\mathrm{t}}$ 、${G}_{\mathrm{t}}$ 是取样时间 TTG 菌株、GTG 菌株的扩增子频率,${T}_{0}\text{、}{G}_{0}$ 是两个菌株的初始混合比例。相反, TTG 品系的适应性更强。
在三种逆境条件下, 12 小时连续传代:天门冬氨酸缺失、 TMH+200 mmol/L NaCl、轻度 TMH+pH 5.5。
体外连续传代共培养: 采用 LB 培养 8 小时的竞争共培养方法,并将接种比扩大至$1 :{100}$ 和$1 :{10000}$ 。在此基础上, 本项目拟以 InT-H-1 到 InT-H-100、InT-10T-1 到 InT-10T-100 的混合菌株为基础,以混合菌株的全基因组为模板,在$-{80}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 冷冻保存。
低温和厌氧静置生存竞争:分别对 GTG 菌株和 TTG 菌株的${\mathrm{{OD}}}_{620}= {1.0}$ 进行培养,并进行平板计数。将两种细菌按 GTG : TTG=1:1 混合,每 2 mL 加入 15 mL 的无菌离心管,轻轻旋转盖子, 使离心管内与体外的空气进行交换。将分装好的 9 支菌液放入 4℃ 冷藏箱及厌氧培养箱中,进行低温、厌氧培养; 同时, 将混合菌株的基因组 DNA 进行冷冻保存, 并将其保存在$-{80}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 的冰箱中,用来校正两个菌株的初始配比。分别在第 1、$2\text{、}4\text{、}6\text{、}8\text{、}{10}\text{、}{12}\text{、}{14}$ 天取样,采集两种激发条件下的培养基,留作基因组提取。将 2 mmol/L PMA 溶于 DMSO 中, 以${25.6\mu }\mathrm{L}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ (最终浓度${50\mu }\mathrm{{mol}}/\mathrm{L}$ ) 的比例添加至待提取的基因组 DNA 的混合液中, 在避光孵育 5 分钟, 其间搅拌, 然后曝光 5 分钟,以便对死亡细菌 DNA 进行处理。离心后弃去上清液, 用试剂盒抽取两种方法得到的混合菌基因组, 测量 DNA 浓度, 以${10}\mathrm{{ng}}/\mu \mathrm{L}$ 为模板进行扩增;扩增子片段的扩增和回收同前面的方法进行了比较, 并进行了序列测定和分析。
体外不传代连续培养: 采用非传代连续培养方法, 研究两种细菌在不同条件下的生长速度差异对其竞争反应的影响。将调节到${\mathrm{{OD}}}_{620}$ 相同的 2 个菌株分别以$1 : 1\text{、}1 :{10}$ 和$1 :{100},3$ 种不同比例的 GTG 菌株:TTG 菌株每隔 12 小时抽取 2 mL 菌液, 对其进行共培养和基因组分析; 同时, 构建文库并对扩增子进行测序和分型。
小鼠体内生存竞争: 鼠类在宿主中的存活也是反映其适合度的一个重要指标。本项目拟在前期研究基础上, 通过对不同来源的鼠疫菌 GTG 菌株和 TTG 菌株进行比较研究, 明确不同菌株在不同环境条件下的适合度差异。将${\mathrm{{OD}}}_{620}= {1.0}$ 的 2 个菌株按参照细菌的数量以固定的比例进行混合, 并设定 GTG 菌株:TTG 菌株分别为$1 : 1\text{、}1 :{10}\text{、}1 :{100}$ ,以及${10}: 1$ 和${100}: 1$ 。取 1.5 毫升$\mathrm{{EP}}$ 管,分别取${500\mu }\mathrm{L},{12000}\mathrm{r}/\mathrm{{min}}$ ,$2\mathrm{\;{min}}$ 离心,弃去上清液,提取基因组$\mathrm{{DNA}}$ ,然后在$-{80}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 冷藏, 以此为基础,作为两个菌株在体内存活竞争的比例初始值模板。 将调节过的${\mathrm{{OD}}}_{620}= {1.0}$ 的 2 种细菌分别用 5 倍的梯度稀释,按照参照值, 将 2 种细菌按照一定的比例进行稀释, 混合均匀后, 再用${100\mu }\mathrm{L}$ 注射$\mathrm{{Balb}}/\mathrm{C}$ 母鼠腹股沟处。取毒后 24 小时作为存活曲线的第 1 天, 每天对染毒组的存活情况进行观察, 并绘制存活曲线。将死鼠处死后,立刻剖开脾脏,抽取其组织 DNA, 分别标有 IV1、IVW10、IVW100、IVT10、IVT100、IVT100(各组 10 只,以死亡顺序为$1 \sim {10}$ ),然后在$-{80}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$ 冷藏,以 aspA 为模板, 进行体内竞争性存活实验。扩增子的建库测序。
之所以选择扩增子测序方法, 是由于两种细菌间只有一个碱基的不同, 因此不能直接使用传统的竞争方法进行抗性筛选。根据两个菌株在同一培养体系中所占的比例, 可以用来表示两个菌株在该体系中所占的比例。本项目拟以两种方式进行:(1)利用柱状图直观地显示两个菌株在不同世代间的生长速率;(2)引入竞争因子$\mu$ ,绘制曲线图,直观地显示两个菌株的适合度优势。
统计分析采用 Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) 检验。
$1 : 1\text{、}1 :{100}$两种不同配比的菌株,每隔 12 小时传 30 次, 将两种菌株在混合之前进行稀释,计算出最初的混合比,见 表 1
从统计数据来看, 这一次的实际混配比与理论计算值有很大的偏差, 但是仍然能够从扩增子测序的比例变化中看出两个菌株之间存在着竞争优势的差异。在此基础上, 本项目拟在前期工作的基础上,对其进行扩增,取初始混合菌液,在第$2\text{、}3\text{、}4$、 5、10、15 及 20 代的混合培养物中进行了基因组的提取和扩增子扩增及测序分析。研究发现 (见图 1), GTG 菌株与 TTG 菌株在两种不同比例下的初始菌落总数之比分别为$3 : 1$和$1 :{10}$, 说明扩增子所呈现的原始比例高于所获得的原始比例, 其原因可能与 PCR 的偏度有关, 但这种偏度不会引起数量级差异, 也不会对扩增子结果所反映的真实比例产生显著影响。结果表明, 两种比例的 TTG 菌株在原始混合菌群中都占有相当的比例, 但随着传代次数的增加, GTG 菌株很快就成了绝对优势, 到了第 5 代, TTG 菌株的比例已经接近于零。从竞争因子$\mu$的曲线图的结果也可知,按照$\mu$值的计算原则, GTG 菌株在数据点处于水平轴$\left({y = 0}\right)$之下时,表现出了具有竞争性的适应性。结果表明, GTG 菌株与 TTG 菌株相比,具有更显著的适应性。
在此基础上,分别进行在天门冬氨酸缺失、高盐 (200 mmol/L$\mathrm{{NaCl}}$)和弱酸性(pH 5.5)——这三种逆境下的连续传代竞争试验。 在混合之前, 将两种细菌的混合液分别进行稀释, 计算出最初的混合比例。在扩展子分析中, 从第 1 至第 5 、第 10、第 15 、 第 20 个世代的混合培养中分别提取其基因组并进行扩增,并对其进行测序。结果见图 2, 通过压力下的竞争试验, 发现两个菌株的初始比率非常接近 GTG 菌株:TTG 菌株 =1.5 : 1 , 但随传代时间增加,天门冬氨酸缺失时, GTG 菌株几乎达到 100%; 然而, 在低酸和高盐 TMH 中, GTG 菌株虽然在第 5 代 TTG 菌株中占有相当的比例, 但是到了 10 代, GTG 菌株仍然以明显的优势占主导地位。同时,由竞争因子$\mu$的折线图显示, GTG 品系在共同培养期间, 始终显示出较强的适应性。我们前期研究发现, GTG 菌株与 TTG 菌株在不同逆境(Asp 缺失、弱酸和高盐) 的共同培养下, 具有更显著的适应能力。
本项目研究中发现的两个菌株在不同压力条件下 (低温、 厌氧)条件下,分别进行两个菌株之间的竞争试验 (见图 3)。 在第$1\text{、}2\text{、}4\text{、}6\text{、}8\text{、}{10}\text{、}{12}\text{、}{14}$天时,对其进行序列测定, 并对其进行序列分析。
研究发现, 在静止状态下, GTG 菌株相较于 TTG 菌株并不具备竞争优势。特别是在${4}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$时,尽管$\mathrm{{GTG}}$菌株的存活率高于 TTG 菌株, 但其存活率优势在静止状态下并未得到充分体现。 然而, 在无氧条件下, GTG 菌株具有较强的竞争优势, 这一优势很可能与其存活能力有关。同时,静态竞争实验也间接地证明, GTG 菌株之所以能够在共培菌中取得优势, 是因为它们的生长优势。
本项目拟以巨噬细胞为研究对象, 通过在不同温度下培养 24 小时,在$5\%{\mathrm{{CO}}}_{2}$ 条件下,通过培养基中细菌的存活竞争试验, 对不同类型的胞内菌及培养基中的细菌进行扩增, 并对其进行扩增子测序。在扩增子分析中, 由于 DNA 提取品质的问题, 细胞内细菌样品丢失了 2 个, 所以只有 46 个细胞内竞争的结果。研究发现 (见图 4), 在不同浓度的细菌中, GTG 菌株与 TTG 菌株的比例并没有明显改变。据此,我们提出假说,两种细菌在巨噬细胞中的适合度并没有表现出来。
鼠疫菌在寄主中的存活和传播也是影响其适应性的一个重要方面。本项目拟采用两种不同配比的鼠源鼠尾静脉注射给$\mathrm{{Balb}}/\mathrm{C}$ 小鼠,考虑到小鼠体内的个体差异,以小鼠的死亡时间作为实验对象。由于毒性试验会生成小鼠存活曲线, 所以在进行扩增子分析时, 要记录其存活时间, 并画出存活曲线。总共记录了 5 组小鼠的存活曲线, 其中 GTG 菌株 : TTG 菌株的比例分别为$1 : 1\text{、}1 :{10}\text{、}1 :{100}\text{、}1 : 1\text{、}{100}: 1$ ,并对各组动物的存活时间进行了计算,并画出了图 5所示的存活曲线。
前期研究发现, GTG 菌株:TTG 菌株$={10}: 1$ 的小鼠死亡率明显低于其他两组, 但是, 上述两种小鼠的毒性没有明显差别, GTG 菌株: TTG 菌株 =100 : 1 的小鼠死亡率并没有明显变化,提示 GTG 菌株 : TTG 菌株 =10:1 的小鼠,在给药过程中, 平均给药剂量超过了理论值, 从而使小鼠提前死亡。
在此基础上, 本项目利用不同菌株在不同菌株间的生长优势, 利用不同菌种间的竞争能力, 构建不同菌株之间的竞争关系, 揭示 GTG 菌株在不同菌株之间竞争中的作用机制。但巨噬细胞的细胞内竞争和小鼠体内的竞争实验都没有发现两种细菌的适应性有显著的差别, 因此我们认为这两种细菌在体内的适应性并没有表现出来; 与大肠杆菌的竞争实验是补充鼠疫菌在 aspA 基因微演化历程假说的重要一环, 该部分结果显示的 TTG 菌株在于大肠杆菌竞争中体现的适应度优势, 在一定程度上能够解释为何在目前的自然界中, 丧失天门冬氨酸酶活性的 TTG 菌株虽然缺乏生长及各种抗胁迫优势,却仍在鼠疫菌自然种群中占据绝对比例。
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
CULYBA MJ, VAN TD. Bacterial evolution during human infection: Adapt or live or adapt and die[J]. PLoS Pathog, 2021, 17(09): e1009872 .
[2]
HEILBRONNER S, KRISMER B, BROTZ-OESTERHELT H, et al. The microbiome-shaping roles of bacteriocins[J]. Nat Rev Microbiol, 2021, 19(11): 726-39.
[3]
KLEIN TA, AHMAD S, WHITNEY JC. Contact-Dependent Interbacterial Antagonism Mediated by Protein Secretion Machines[J]. Trends Microbiol, 2020, 28(05): 387-400.
[4]
SOLTANI S, HAMMAMIR , COTTER PD, et al. Bacteriocins as a new generation of antimicrobials: toxicity aspects and regulations[J]. FEMS Microbiol Rev, 2021, 45(01 ):
[5]
BARBIERI R, SIGNOLI M, CHEVE D, et al. Yersinia pestis: the Natural History of Plague[J]. Clin Microbiol Rev, 2020, 34(01 ):
[6]
ZHOU Z, ALIKHAN NF, MOHAMED K, et al. The Entero Base user's guide, with case studies on Salmonella transmissions, Yersinia pestis phylogeny, and Escherichia core genomic diversity[J]. Genome Res, 2020, 30(01): 138-52.
[7]
SEGUIN-ORLANDO A, COSTEDOAT C, DER SARKISSIAN C, et al. No particular genomic features underpin the dramatic economic consequences of 17th century plague epidemics in Italy[J]. iScience, 2021, 24(04): 102383 .
[8]
MIARINJARA A, BLAND DM, BELTHOFF JR, et al. Poor vector competence of the human flea, Pulexirritans, to transmit Yersinia pestis[J]. Parasit Vectors, 2021, 14(01): 317 .
[9]
IMMEL A, KEY FM, SZOLEK A, et al. Analysis of Genomic DNA from Medieval Plague Victims Suggests Long-Term Effect of Yersinia pestis on Human Immunity Genes[J]. Mol Biol Evol, 2021, 38(10): 4059-76.
[10]
BARBIERI R, DRANCOURT M, RAOULT D. The role of louse-transmitted diseases in historical plague pandemics[J]. Lancet Infect Dis, 2021, 21(02): e17-e25.
[11]
SUSAT J, BONCZAROWSKA JH, PETERSONE-GORDINA E, et al. Yersinia pestis strains from Latvia show depletion of the pla virulence gene at the end of the second plague pandemic[J]. Sci Rep, 2020, 10(01): 14628 .
[12]
PARK YH, REMMERS EF, LEE W, et al. Ancient familial Mediterranean fever mutations in human pyrin and resistance to Yersinia pestis[J]. Nat Immunol, 2020, 21(08): 857-67.
[13]
NILSSON P, SOLBAKKEN MH, SCHMID BV, et al. The Genome of the Great Gerbil Reveals Species-Specific Duplication of an MHCII Gene[J]. Genome Biol Evol, 2020, 12(02): 3832-49.
[14]
MOROZOVA I, KASIANOV A, BRUSKIN S, et al. New ancient Eastern European Yersinia pestis genomes illuminate the dispersal of plague in Europe[J]. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 2020, 375(1812): 20190569 .
[15]
GUELLIL M, KERSTEN O, NAMOUCHI A, et al. A genomic and historical synthesis of plague in 18th century Eurasia[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2020, 117(45): 28328-28335.
2024年第2卷第11期
PDF下载
16
5
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
  • 首发时间:2025-07-28
  • 出版时间:2024-11-08
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
基金
作者信息
    巴林左旗疾病预防控制中心 鼠防科 赤峰 025450

通讯作者:

*廖春瑞,主管检验师,研究方向为鼠疫病原学相关微生物检验。E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/sysjc/CN/1156668071151526748
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏