Article(id=1156668070140695296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1156668069717070592, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753700757775, onlineDateStr=2025-07-28, pubDate=1730995200000, pubDateStr=2024-11-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753700757775, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753700757775, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753700757775, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1156668069717070592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, year='2024', volume='2', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='172', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=3, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1753700757674, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753750130111, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1156875152794411009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1156668069717070592, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1156875152798605314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1156668069717070592, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=7, endPage=11, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1156668070690149122, articleId=1156668070140695296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, language=EN, title=Rapid determination of benzo [a] pyrene in vegetable oil by liquid-liquid extraction-high performance liquid chromatography, columnId=1156641065621906129, journalTitle=Laboratory Testing, columnName=Innovative Applications, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To establish a rapid method for the determination of benzo [a] pyrene in vegetable oil by liquid-liquid extraction-high performance liquid chromatography. Methods The sample was extracted by acetonitrile oscillation, and after centrifugation, the supernatant was taken and passed through${0.22\mu }\mathrm{m}$filter membrane, and injected into high-performance liquid chromatograph for measurement. Results were quantified using matrix external standard method. Results Benzo [a] pyrene had a good correlation in the linear range of${0.5}- {20.0}\mathrm{{\mu g}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$, and the correlation coefficient${r}^{2}$was$\geq {0.9990}$. The recoveries at 0.5,2.0 and${10.0}\mathrm{{\mu g}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$were${87.0}\%\sim {111.2}\%$, and the relative standard deviations were${2.2}\%\sim {14.2}\%$. The limits of detection and quantitation were${0.2\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{kg}}$and${0.5\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{kg}}$, respectively. Conclusion The method is simple, rapid and accurate, and is suitable for the determination of benzo [a] pyrene in vegetable oil.

, correspAuthors=Fu QIN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*QIN Fu, Master, Engineer, Technical Center of Nanning Customs District, Nanning 530201, China. E-mail:
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目的 建立液液萃取-高效液相色谱法快速测定植物油中苯并[a]芘含量的方法。方法 试样经乙腈振荡萃取, 离心后取上清液过${0.22\mu }\mathrm{m}$滤膜,注入高效液相色谱仪进行测定,基质外标法定量。结果 苯并$\left\lbrack \mathrm{a}\right\rbrack$芘在质量浓度为${0.5}\sim {20.0}\mathrm{{\mu g}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$线性范围内相关性良好,相关系数${r}^{2}\geq {0.9990}$; 在${0.5}\text{、}{2.0}\text{、}{10.0}\mathrm{{\mu g}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$质量浓度水平的加标回收率为${87.0}\%\sim {111.2}\%$,相对标准偏差为${2.2}\%\sim {14.2}\%$; 方法检出限为${0.2\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{kg}}$,定量限为${0.5\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{kg}}$。结论 本方法简单、 快速、准确,适用于植物油中苯并$\left\lbrack \mathrm{a}\right\rbrack$芘含量的测定。

, correspAuthors=秦富, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*秦富,硕士,工程师,研究方向为食品安全检测与研究。E-mail:
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徐艺溶,助理工程师,主要研究方向为食品安全检测与研究。

作者简介

秦富,硕士,工程师,主要研究方向为食品安全检测与研究。

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徐艺溶,助理工程师,主要研究方向为食品安全检测与研究。

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徐艺溶,助理工程师,主要研究方向为食品安全检测与研究。

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作者简介

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作者简介

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秦富,硕士,工程师,主要研究方向为食品安全检测与研究。

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秦富,硕士,工程师,主要研究方向为食品安全检测与研究。

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表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)快速检测食用油中的苯并[a]芘[J]. 现代食品科技, 2017, 33(09): 271-275., articleTitle=表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)快速检测食用油中的苯并[a]芘, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1156668128126948148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668070140695296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=01, pageStart=72, pageEnd=80, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=袁国文, 沈海波, 方剑儒, journalName=中国食品添加剂, refType=null, unstructuredReference=袁国文, 沈海波, 方剑儒, 等. 液-液萃取液相色谱荧光检测油脂中苯并[a]芘的测量不确定度评定[J]. 中国食品添加剂, 2021, (01): 72-80., articleTitle=液-液萃取液相色谱荧光检测油脂中苯并[a]芘的测量不确定度评定, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1156668128194057014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668070140695296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=55, issue=06, pageStart=127, pageEnd=129, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=张艳燕, 温建荣, 钟坚海, journalName=食品与发酵科技, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张艳燕, 温建荣, 钟坚海, 等. 高效液相色谱法快速测定食用植物油中苯并[a]芘的研究[J]. 食品与发酵科技, 2019, 55(06): 127-129., articleTitle=高效液相色谱法快速测定食用植物油中苯并[a]芘的研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1156668128294720313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668070140695296, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=26, issue=02, pageStart=14, pageEnd=18, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=许百环, journalName=福建分析测试, refType=null, unstructuredReference=许百环. 固相萃取—高效液相色谱法同时测定水中甲萘威、阿特拉津和苯并[a]芘[J]. 福建分析测试, 2017, 26(02): 14-18., articleTitle=固相萃取—高效液相色谱法同时测定水中甲萘威、阿特拉津和苯并[a]芘, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1156668127044817695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668070140695296, awardId=20212148, language=EN, fundingSource=Supported by the Nanning Science Research and Technology Development Plan Project(20212148), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1156668127099343648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, 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植物油(g) 乙腈(mL) 萃取率(%) 仪器检出限(ng/mL) 理论方法检出限 $\left({\mu \mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{kg}}}\right)$ 仪器定量限(ng/mL) 理论方法定量限 $\left({\mu \mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{kg}}}\right)$
1 5 38.3 0.01 0.13 0.025 0.33
1 10 55.3 0.01 0.18 0.025 0.45
1 15 62.4 0.01 0.24 0.025 0.60
1 20 69.6 0.01 0.29 0.025 0.72
1 25 75.9 0.01 0.33 0.025 0.82
1 30 87.0 0.01 0.34 0.025 0.86
), ArticleFig(id=1156668126470198040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668070140695296, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=不同体积提取的理论方法检出限和定量限, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
植物油(g) 乙腈(mL) 萃取率(%) 仪器检出限(ng/mL) 理论方法检出限 $\left({\mu \mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{kg}}}\right)$ 仪器定量限(ng/mL) 理论方法定量限 $\left({\mu \mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{kg}}}\right)$
1 5 38.3 0.01 0.13 0.025 0.33
1 10 55.3 0.01 0.18 0.025 0.45
1 15 62.4 0.01 0.24 0.025 0.60
1 20 69.6 0.01 0.29 0.025 0.72
1 25 75.9 0.01 0.33 0.025 0.82
1 30 87.0 0.01 0.34 0.025 0.86
), ArticleFig(id=1156668126549889817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668070140695296, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Scaled linear equations and correlation coefficients, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试样名称 线性范围 $\left({\mu \mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{kg}}}\right)$ 线性方程 ${r}^{2}$
花生油 0.5~20 $Y ={1.73}\times {10}^{4}X -{1.02}\times {10}^{3}$ 0.9995
玉米油 0.5~20 $Y ={1.67}\times {10}^{4}X +{6.78}\times {10}^{3}$ 0.9995
大豆油 0.5~20 $Y ={1.62}\times {10}^{4}X +{5.12}\times {10}^{3}$ 0.9990
), ArticleFig(id=1156668126621192986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668070140695296, language=CN, label=表 2, caption=加标线性方程和相关系数, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试样名称 线性范围 $\left({\mu \mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{kg}}}\right)$ 线性方程 ${r}^{2}$
花生油 0.5~20 $Y ={1.73}\times {10}^{4}X -{1.02}\times {10}^{3}$ 0.9995
玉米油 0.5~20 $Y ={1.67}\times {10}^{4}X +{6.78}\times {10}^{3}$ 0.9995
大豆油 0.5~20 $Y ={1.62}\times {10}^{4}X +{5.12}\times {10}^{3}$ 0.9990
), ArticleFig(id=1156668126684107547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668070140695296, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=Recovery rates and relative standard deviations of the labeling test $\left({n = 6}\right)$, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试样名称 加标量 $\left({\mu \mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{kg}}}\right)$ 花生油基质定量 玉米油基质定量 大豆油基质定量
平均回收率(%) RSD(%) 平均回收率(%) RSD(%) 平均回收率(%) RSD(%)
花生油 0.5 96.5 12.1 105.2 9.0 91.6 6.0
2.0 101.1 4.4 100.5 4.1 90.0 5.1
10.0 99.2 2.6 101.2 2.2 102.7 2.7
玉米油 0.5 110.5 4.4 87.0 14.2 95.9 11.7
2.0 111.2 2.2 98.3 4.2 97.5 3.9
10.0 102.1 4.5 101.5 4.5 106.6 4.5
大豆油 0.5 106.9 11.0 98.9 7.9 96.3 10.8
2.0 96.8 11.6 100.3 3.0 91.4 6.2
10.0 99.5 6.4 99.3 6.3 103.1 6.6
), ArticleFig(id=1156668126755410716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668070140695296, language=CN, label=表 3, caption=加标试验的回收率和相对标准偏差 $\left({n = 6}\right)$, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试样名称 加标量 $\left({\mu \mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{kg}}}\right)$ 花生油基质定量 玉米油基质定量 大豆油基质定量
平均回收率(%) RSD(%) 平均回收率(%) RSD(%) 平均回收率(%) RSD(%)
花生油 0.5 96.5 12.1 105.2 9.0 91.6 6.0
2.0 101.1 4.4 100.5 4.1 90.0 5.1
10.0 99.2 2.6 101.2 2.2 102.7 2.7
玉米油 0.5 110.5 4.4 87.0 14.2 95.9 11.7
2.0 111.2 2.2 98.3 4.2 97.5 3.9
10.0 102.1 4.5 101.5 4.5 106.6 4.5
大豆油 0.5 106.9 11.0 98.9 7.9 96.3 10.8
2.0 96.8 11.6 100.3 3.0 91.4 6.2
10.0 99.5 6.4 99.3 6.3 103.1 6.6
), ArticleFig(id=1156668126818325277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668070140695296, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=Test results of benzo [a] pyrene content in 3 vegetable oils, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 检测样品数 (个) 阳性样品数 (个) 检出率(%) 含量(μg/kg)
花生油 70 27 38.6 ${2.0}\sim {4.3}$
玉米油 62 17 27.4 ${2.0}\sim {5.8}$
大豆油 20 0 0 -
橄榄油 15 0 0 -
总计 167 44 26.3 ${2.0}\sim {5.8}$
), ArticleFig(id=1156668126889628446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1156668070140695296, language=CN, label=表 4, caption=3 种植物油中苯并 [a] 芘含量的检测结果, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 检测样品数 (个) 阳性样品数 (个) 检出率(%) 含量(μg/kg)
花生油 70 27 38.6 ${2.0}\sim {4.3}$
玉米油 62 17 27.4 ${2.0}\sim {5.8}$
大豆油 20 0 0 -
橄榄油 15 0 0 -
总计 167 44 26.3 ${2.0}\sim {5.8}$
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液液萃取-高效液相色谱法快速测定植物油中的苯并[a]芘含量
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徐艺溶 1 , 利东玲 2 , 杨昆 1 , 梁宇 1 , 谭春翠 1 , 吴文静 1 , 秦富 1, *
实验室检测 | 创新应用 2024,2(11): 7-11
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实验室检测 | 创新应用 2024, 2(11): 7-11
液液萃取-高效液相色谱法快速测定植物油中的苯并[a]芘含量
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徐艺溶1, 利东玲2, 杨昆1, 梁宇1, 谭春翠1, 吴文静1, 秦富1, *
作者信息
  • 1 南宁海关技术中心 南宁 530201
  • 2 南宁师范大学 化学与材料学院 南宁 530100
  • 徐艺溶,助理工程师,主要研究方向为食品安全检测与研究。

    作者简介

    秦富,硕士,工程师,主要研究方向为食品安全检测与研究。

通讯作者:

*秦富,硕士,工程师,研究方向为食品安全检测与研究。E-mail:
Rapid determination of benzo [a] pyrene in vegetable oil by liquid-liquid extraction-high performance liquid chromatography
Yi-Rong XU1, Dong-Ling LI2, Kun YANG1, Yu LIANG1, Chun-Cui TAN1, Wen-Jing WU1, Fu QIN1, *
Affiliations
  • 1 Technical Center of Nanning Customs District Nanning 530201 China
  • 2 School of Chemistry and Materials Nanning Normal University Nanning 530100 China
出版时间: 2024-11-08
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目的 建立液液萃取-高效液相色谱法快速测定植物油中苯并[a]芘含量的方法。方法 试样经乙腈振荡萃取, 离心后取上清液过${0.22\mu }\mathrm{m}$滤膜,注入高效液相色谱仪进行测定,基质外标法定量。结果 苯并$\left\lbrack \mathrm{a}\right\rbrack$芘在质量浓度为${0.5}\sim {20.0}\mathrm{{\mu g}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$线性范围内相关性良好,相关系数${r}^{2}\geq {0.9990}$; 在${0.5}\text{、}{2.0}\text{、}{10.0}\mathrm{{\mu g}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$质量浓度水平的加标回收率为${87.0}\%\sim {111.2}\%$,相对标准偏差为${2.2}\%\sim {14.2}\%$; 方法检出限为${0.2\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{kg}}$,定量限为${0.5\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{kg}}$。结论 本方法简单、 快速、准确,适用于植物油中苯并$\left\lbrack \mathrm{a}\right\rbrack$芘含量的测定。

植物油  /  苯并[a]芘  /  液液萃取  /  高效液相色谱法

Objective To establish a rapid method for the determination of benzo [a] pyrene in vegetable oil by liquid-liquid extraction-high performance liquid chromatography. Methods The sample was extracted by acetonitrile oscillation, and after centrifugation, the supernatant was taken and passed through${0.22\mu }\mathrm{m}$filter membrane, and injected into high-performance liquid chromatograph for measurement. Results were quantified using matrix external standard method. Results Benzo [a] pyrene had a good correlation in the linear range of${0.5}- {20.0}\mathrm{{\mu g}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$, and the correlation coefficient${r}^{2}$was$\geq {0.9990}$. The recoveries at 0.5,2.0 and${10.0}\mathrm{{\mu g}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$were${87.0}\%\sim {111.2}\%$, and the relative standard deviations were${2.2}\%\sim {14.2}\%$. The limits of detection and quantitation were${0.2\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{kg}}$and${0.5\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{kg}}$, respectively. Conclusion The method is simple, rapid and accurate, and is suitable for the determination of benzo [a] pyrene in vegetable oil.

vegetable oil  /  benzo [a] pyrene  /  liquid-liquid extraction  /  high performance liquid chromatography
徐艺溶, 利东玲, 杨昆, 梁宇, 谭春翠, 吴文静, 秦富. 液液萃取-高效液相色谱法快速测定植物油中的苯并[a]芘含量. 实验室检测, 2024 , 2 (11) : 7 -11 .
Yi-Rong XU, Dong-Ling LI, Kun YANG, Yu LIANG, Chun-Cui TAN, Wen-Jing WU, Fu QIN. Rapid determination of benzo [a] pyrene in vegetable oil by liquid-liquid extraction-high performance liquid chromatography[J]. Laboratory Testing, 2024 , 2 (11) : 7 -11 .
食用植物油富含脂肪,且含有多酚、维生素E、角鲨烯、 类胡萝卜素和植物甾醇等营养成分,是人类重要的营养和能量来源。常见的植物油包括豆油、花生油、亚麻油、菜籽油、棕榈油等, 主要从植物的种子、胚芽和果实中提取得到, 是国际市场上重要的商品之一。食用植物油的消费量是衡量一个国家经济水平的重要标志, 在国家食品安全中占有重要地位, 因此保障食用植物油的供给和质量安全具有重要意义。食用植物油的质量安全风险因素包括:酸值、过氧化值、黄曲霉毒素 B1、 非法添加物、溶剂残留以及苯并$\left\lbrack \mathrm{a}\right\rbrack$芘等[1-2]。植物油受苯并 [a] 芘污染是其中较为普遍的食用油质量安全问题之一。苯并芘是一种具有稠环结构的多环芳烃类物质, 根据苯环的稠合位置不同分为苯并 [a] 芘和苯并 [e] 芘。其中苯并 [a] 芘较为常见,广泛存在自然界中,并且具有强致癌性、致畸性和诱变性[3-5],对人体健康具有较大危害。因此,世界各国均对食品中的苯并$\left\lbrack \mathrm{a}\right\rbrack$芘含量制定了严格的最大允许含量标准,其中$\mathrm{{GB}}$2762-2022《食品安全国家标准 食品中污染物限量》规定食用植物油的苯并$\left\lbrack \mathrm{a}\right\rbrack$芘含量不得超过${10\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{kg}}$,欧盟法规[6]则要求不得超过${2\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{kg}}$。
目前检测食品中苯并$\left\lbrack \mathrm{a}\right\rbrack$芘含量的方法主要包括: 酶联免疫吸附法[7]、液相色谱 - 荧光法[8-9]、气相色谱 - 质谱法[10]、液相色谱 - 质谱法[11]和拉曼光谱检测法[12]等。其中,高效液相色谱 - 荧光法是最经典的检测方法,该方法利用苯并$\left\lbrack \mathrm{a}\right\rbrack$芘在有机溶液中呈蓝色荧光的特性进行检测,其灵敏度和特异性均较高。 而苯并$\left\lbrack \mathrm{a}\right\rbrack$芘检测的前处理方法根据样品类型不同而有所不同, 最常见的方法是液-液萃取[13]、固相萃取[8]、凝胶渗透色谱法[9]等。其中, GB 5009.27-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中苯并 [ a ] 芘的测定》采用的是固相萃取方法, 首先用正己烷提取, 然后用苯并$\left\lbrack \mathrm{a}\right\rbrack$芘分子印迹柱或中性氧化铝柱进行净化。尽管该方法的灵敏度高, 回收率和精密度均可满足相关标准的要求, 但是由于前处理步骤需要过柱和氮吹浓缩, 导致方法不仅操作烦琐、 耗时耗力,而且检测成本较高。张艳燕等人[14]采用$2\mathrm{\;{mL}}$乙腈对$1\mathrm{\;g}$植物样品进行多次萃取,然后用$\mathrm{{PSA}}\text{、}\mathrm{C}{18}$吸附剂对提取液进行净化,建立了高效液相色谱法检测植物油中苯并$\left\lbrack \mathrm{a}\right\rbrack$芘。 该方法不仅萃取效率较差, 而且需要多次转移提取液, 以及后续净化、氮吹、复溶等耗时耗力的前处理步骤。
鉴于此,本研究采用乙腈直接萃取植物油中苯并 [a] 芘而无需净化的前处理方法, 通过液相色谱 - 荧光检测法测定植物油中苯并 [a] 芘,为苯并 [a] 芘含量的快速检测提供参考依据。
食用油 (购自南宁某农贸市场)。
乙腈、甲醇、正己烷、二氯甲烷 (色谱纯,美国 Tedia 公司); 苯并[a]芘标准品(纯度为99.0%,购自德国Dr.Ehrenstorfer公司)。
E2695 高效液相色谱仪(美国 Waters 公司);ML204 万分之一电子天平 (瑞士 Mettler-Toledo 公司); Vortex-Genie2 多功能涡旋混合器(美国 Scientific Industries 公司);SA300 多功能振荡器(日本 Yamato 公司);湘仪 L-420 普通台式离心机(中国湖南湘仪实验仪器开发有限公司);KL512J 氮气浓缩装置(中国北京康林科技有限公司);Milli-O Integral 10 超纯水机(美国 Millipore 公司); 苯并 [ a ] 专用 SPE 小柱 (500 mg,$6\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ , 中国上海安谱实验科技公司)、SunFire C18(${4.6}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times {150}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ ,${5\mu }\mathrm{m}$ ,美国 Waster 公司)。
将植物油样品充分混匀后,准确称取${1.00}\mathrm{\;g}$于${50}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$离心管中,加入${10}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$乙腈,涡旋混合${30}\mathrm{\;s}$,于振荡器上振荡提取${10}\mathrm{\;{min}}$,以${4000}\mathrm{r}/\mathrm{{min}}$离心 5 min。取上清液$1\mathrm{\;{mL}}$过${0.22\mu }\mathrm{m}$疏水性针式滤膜后供液相色谱测定。
色谱柱为 SunFire C18 (${4.6}\mathrm{\;{mm}}\times {150}\mathrm{\;{mm}},{5\mu }\mathrm{m}$); 柱温${35}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$; 进样量为${10\mu }\mathrm{L}$; 流动相为乙腈 - 水$({90}: {10}, V : V$,下同), 等度洗脱; 流速为${1.0}\mathrm{\;{mL}}/\mathrm{{min}}$。检测器为荧光检测器,激发波长 (excitation wavelength, Ex) 为${290}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$,发射波长 (emission wavelength,$\mathrm{{Em}}$) 为${410}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$。
选择空白植物油基质,准确称取 6 份,每份$1\mathrm{\;g}$,分别添加${0.5}\text{、}{1.0}\text{、}{2.0}\text{、}{5.0}\text{、}{10.0}\text{、}{20.0\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{kg}}$苯并 [ a ] 芘,涡旋混匀$1\mathrm{\;{min}}$,然后与其他样品一同前处理后上机测定,以测得目标峰面积为纵坐标、对应的加标浓度为横坐标, 绘制空白样品加标曲线, 用于定量测定。
实验重复 3 次测定, 采用仪器软件 Empower 对检测数据进行定量分析,采用 Excel 2007 和 Origin 9.0 软件进行绘图。
常用于检测苯并$\left\lbrack \text{ a }\right\rbrack$ 芘的流动相有甲醇 - 水和乙腈 - 水。 本研究对比了这两组流动相的分离情况。选择甲醇 - 水作为流动相时, 峰高较低, 峰宽较大, 不利于与基质干扰峰相分离, 且保留时间长;采用乙腈 - 水做流动相,不仅峰形锐利,响应高,且保留时间短。因此本研究选择乙腈 - 水作为流动相。分别将乙腈-水的比例设置为${70}: {30}\text{、}{75}: {25}\text{、}{80}: {20}\text{、}{90}: {10}$ 和${95}: 5$ 进行梯度洗脱以分析不同流动相比例的分离效果,结果显示随着乙腈的比例增大, 苯并芘的保留时间逐渐减小, 保留时间分别为${19.6}\text{、}{14.5}\text{、}{10.5}\text{、}{6.3}\text{、}{4.6}\mathrm{\;{min}}$ 。由于苯并芘极性较弱,在${\mathrm{C}}_{18}$ 色谱柱上的保留效果较好,因此需要较高比例有机相将其快速洗脱, 以提高检测效率, 但如果极限增大有机相的比例到 95% 时不利于目标物和杂质之间的分离, 因此选择体积比为${90}: {10}$ 的乙腈 - 水作为流动相洗脱比例。典型的阴性样品和阴性加标样品的色谱图如图 1 所示。
检测苯并$\left\lbrack \mathrm{a}\right\rbrack$ 芘需要选择合适的荧光激发波长和发射波长, GB 5009.27-2016 选择${384}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ 和${406}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ 为激发波长和发射波长,而李文廷等人[9]的试验方法选择${365}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ 和${410}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ 为激发波长和发射波长,许百环[15]则选择${290}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ 和${430}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ 。为了找到最佳的适合本方法的检测波长, 本研究分析了发射波长为${406}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ ,激发波长分别为${384}\text{、}{365}\text{、}{290}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ ; 以及激发波长为${290}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ ,发射波长分别为${406}\text{、}{410}\text{、}{430}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ 条件下测定${10}\mathrm{{ng}}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 苯并 [ a ] 芘的响应值,以峰面积相对比$({384}\sim {406}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ 组的峰面积为 1) 表示。结果如图 2所示, 苯并 [ a ] 芘在不同检测波长下的峰面积有较大的差异,其中在${E}_{\mathrm{x}}= {290}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ 和${E}_{\mathrm{m}}= {410}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ 的条件下峰面积最高,因此选择该组波长作为苯并 [ a ] 芘的检测波长。
由于苯并$\left\lbrack \mathrm{a}\right\rbrack$ 芘的极性较弱完全溶解在植物油中,大多数检测方法均采用弱极性的正己烷来提取, 虽然提取效率很高, 但是会同时提取到油脂和其他弱极性物质, 所以后续需要进一步净化。GB 5009.27-2016 提供了两种净化方法: 中性氧化铝柱净化和苯并 [a] 芘分子印迹柱净化。由于中性氧化铝柱只能吸附极性相对较强的化合物, 无法去除油脂和弱极性物质, 所以并不适合用于油脂类样品的检测。苯并$\left\lbrack \mathrm{a}\right\rbrack$ 芘分子印迹柱可以特异性吸附苯并$\left\lbrack \mathrm{a}\right\rbrack$ 芘,净化效果较好,但是实验操作较复杂且成本较高, 在大批量样品检测中存在较大劣势。本研究选择采用乙腈直接从植物油中萃取苯并芘,并根据苯并$\left\lbrack \mathrm{a}\right\rbrack$ 芘在植物油和乙腈中的稳定分配比,采用空白样品加标曲线法对结果进行准确定量。在相同溶剂体积条件下, 苯并 [ a ] 芘在植物油中的分配比要高于在乙腈中的分配比, 因此要从植物油中萃取到更多的苯并$\left\lbrack \mathrm{a}\right\rbrack$ 芘则需要大体积乙腈萃取。本研究分析了不同萃取体积(5、10、15、20、25、30 mL 乙腈)萃取$1\mathrm{\;g}$ 植物油中的苯并$\left\lbrack \mathrm{a}\right\rbrack$ 芘$\left({{10}\mathrm{{ng}}/\mathrm{g}}\right)$ 的萃取率情况。提取液中苯并$\left\lbrack \mathrm{a}\right\rbrack$ 芘的浓度用溶剂外标曲线定量获得。结果如图 3所示, 随着乙腈体积从$5\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 增加到${30}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ ,苯并$\left\lbrack \mathrm{a}\right\rbrack$ 芘的萃取率从${38.3}\%$ 提高到了 87.0%。但是, 提取体积成倍增加时, 萃取率并没有成倍地增加, 反而是增加了样品的稀释倍数, 导致方法检出限增大, 灵敏度下降。因此, 乙腈与植物油的最佳萃取比例需要根据样品中苯并$\left\lbrack \mathrm{a}\right\rbrack$ 芘的含量以及方法灵敏度的要求来进行选择。
方法的灵敏度一般以方法检出限和定量限表示, 本方法的理论检出限和定量限可由仪器检出限、定量限、前处理稀释倍数和萃取率推导获得,理论方法检出限$\left(\text{定量限}\right)=$ 仪器检出限(定量限)×乙腈体积/称样量/萃取率。在优化后的仪器条件下测定一系列低浓度的苯并$\left\lbrack \mathrm{a}\right\rbrack$ 芘标准溶液,分析各个浓度点目标峰的信噪比$\left({\mathrm{S}/\mathrm{N}}\right)$ ,以分别满足$\mathrm{S}/$ $\mathrm{N}\geq 3$ 和$\mathrm{S}/\mathrm{N}\geq {10}$ 的最低浓度点确定为苯并$\left\lbrack \mathrm{a}\right\rbrack$ 芘的仪器检出限和定量限。分析结果显示, 苯并 [ a ] 芘的仪器检出限为${0.01}\mathrm{{ng}}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ ,定量限为${0.025}\mathrm{{ng}}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ ,通过计算可得到理论方法检出限和定量限,如表 1所示。随着乙腈体积的逐渐增加, 苯并 [ a ] 芘的萃取率随之增加, 但是由于稀释倍数 (即乙腈体积与称样量之比) 增加幅度更大, 导致理论方法检出限和定量限随之增加。在仪器定量限为${0.025}\mathrm{{ng}}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ 的情况下,当乙腈体积为$5\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 时,萃取率只有 38.3%,但理论方法定量限可以达到${0.33\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ ;当乙腈体积增加到${30}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 时, 萃取率可达${87}\%$ ,但理论检出限只有${0.86\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ ,达不到现行标准 GB 5009.27-2016 的要求。因此,当待测样品中苯并 [ a ] 芘含量较高 (高于${0.86\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ ) 时,或者仪器的定量限较低 (低于${0.025}\mathrm{{ng}}/\mathrm{{mL}}$ ) 时,可以选择用${30}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 乙腈萃取的方法,因其萃取率高, 此时用溶剂外标法定量即可满足要求。当待测样品中苯并 [ a ] 芘的含量较低或者未知时, 则需要选择少量乙腈来提取, 由于此时萃取率较低, 所以需要用空白样品加标曲线进行校正定量。本研究选择每$1\mathrm{\;g}$ 植物油用${10}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 乙腈来提取, 然后用空白样品加标曲线定量,可同时满足苯并$\left\lbrack \mathrm{a}\right\rbrack$ 芘在国家标准方法定量限$\left({{0.5\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{kg}}}\right)$ 和欧盟标准限量$\left({{2.0\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{kg}}}\right)$ 的要求。
通过分析比较单次萃取和多次重复萃取的萃取率来确定最佳萃取方式。结果如图 4所示,${10}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 乙腈 1 次性萃取$1\mathrm{\;g}$ 植物油时萃取率为 55.3%,分两次重复萃取时萃取率为 60.8%, 萃取率增加${9.8}\%;{15}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 乙腈 1 次性萃取$1\mathrm{\;g}$ 植物时萃取率为 62.4%,分 3 次重复萃取时萃取率为 73.0%,萃取率增加 8.1%。 结果表明, 多次重复萃取可以略微提升方法的萃取率, 而方法的操作复杂程度和试剂消耗量却显著增加,因此本方法选择单次萃取的方式进行实验。
为了验证本方法的检出限和定量限满足相关标准要求, 本研究在阴性植物油样品中添加一系列低浓度水平的苯并$\left\lbrack \mathrm{a}\right\rbrack$芘标准溶液后按照本方法进行前处理, 上机测定, 以目标峰满足信噪比$\mathrm{S}/\mathrm{N}\geq 3$和$\mathrm{S}/\mathrm{N}\geq {10}$的最低质量浓度作为该方法的检出限和定量限,经过分析最终获得苯并$\left\lbrack \mathrm{a}\right\rbrack$芘的方法检出限为${0.2\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{kg}}$,定量限为${0.5\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{kg}}$,与理论方法检出限和定量限一致。
选择阴性花生油、玉米油和大豆油为样本,分别按照 0.5 、${1.0}\text{、}{2.0}\text{、}{5.0}\text{、}{10.0}\text{、}{20.0\mu g}/\mathrm{{kg}}$浓度水平添加标准物质,经过样品处理、上机后建立花生油、玉米油和大豆油 3 组基质加标曲线,考察方法的线性范围。同时根据 GB/T 27404-2008《实验室质量控制规范 食品理化检测》要求, 选择苯并 [ a ] 芘的定量限${0.5\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{kg}}$、最大允许限量${10\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{kg}}$和中间浓度点${2.0\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{kg}}$进行 3 水平 6 平行加标实验, 考察方法的回收率和精密度。 结果如表 2所示, 3 种植物油在 0.5、1.0、2.0、5.0、10.0、${20.0\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{kg}}$的加标范围内均具有良好的线性相关性,相关系数${r}^{2}\geq {0.9990}$,而且其线性方程的斜率均较为接近。这是因为不同植物油的主要成分均是甘油三酯, 苯并 [ a ] 芘在其中的溶解性相同, 相同条件下被乙腈萃取的比例相同, 所以萃取率相近, 线性斜率相近。因此, 本方法的空白基质加标曲线具有通用性, 即不同植物油样品的定量, 只需选择其中一种植物油做空白加标曲线即可。加标试验结果如表 3所示, 采用花生油基质加标曲线定量, 花生油、玉米油、大豆油中各浓度水平的平均回收率为 96.5%~111.2%,相对标准偏差 (relative standard deviation, RSD) 为 2.2%~12.1%;采用玉米油基质加标曲线定量,花生油、 玉米油、大豆油中各浓度水平的平均回收率为 87.0%~105.2%, RSD 为 2.2%~14.2%;采用大豆油基质加标曲线定量,花生油、 玉米油、大豆油中各浓度水平的平均回收率为 90.0%~106.6%, RSD 为 2.7%~11.7%。该结果表明本方法回收率、精密度等均满足相关标准的要求, 同时也证明了本方法中基质加标曲线具有通用性。
称取${40}\mathrm{\;g}$ 阴性花生油样品,按${10\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ 浓度加入苯并$\left\lbrack \mathrm{a}\right\rbrack$ 芘标准溶液, 充分混匀后作为模拟样品, 然后分别采用本方法和 GB 5009.27-2016 (苯并 [ a ] 芘分子印迹柱净化法) 对该样品进行检测,每种方法重复 3 次。结果本方法测得${9.62\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ , 准确度为 96.2%,精密度为 0.37%;GB 5009.27-2016 测得${8.28\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ ,准确度为${82.8}\%$ ,精密度为${2.35}\%$ ,结果表明本方法的准确度和精密度均优于 GB 5009.27-2016。采用本方法对市售的花生油、玉米油、大豆油和橄榄油共 167 份植物油样品进行检测。结果如 表 4所示, 167 份样品中, 有 44 份样品检出苯并 [ a ] 芘,检出率为${26.3}\%$ ,含量为${2.0}\sim {5.8\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ 。其中, 花生油的检出率为 38.6%,玉米油的检出率为 27.4%,大豆油和橄榄油的检出率为 0。按照我国现行标准 GB 2762-2022 限量$\left({{10\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{{kg}}}\right)$ 要求,所有样品均未超标。
本研究以食用植物油为样本,根据苯并$\left\lbrack \mathrm{a}\right\rbrack$芘在植物油和乙腈中的稳定分配比原理, 优化样品前处理、荧光检测波长、 流动相体系等方法内容, 建立了液液萃取法快速测定植物油中苯并 [ a ] 芘含量的方法。与 GB 5009.27-2016 相比, 本方法更简单、快速、准确,适用于植物油中苯并$\left\lbrack \mathrm{a}\right\rbrack$芘的大批量分析检测。
  • 南宁市科学研究与技术开发计划项目(20212148)
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2024年第2卷第11期
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  • 首发时间:2025-07-28
  • 出版时间:2024-11-08
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Supported by the Nanning Science Research and Technology Development Plan Project(20212148)
南宁市科学研究与技术开发计划项目(20212148)
作者信息
    1 南宁海关技术中心 南宁 530201
    2 南宁师范大学 化学与材料学院 南宁 530100

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*秦富,硕士,工程师,研究方向为食品安全检测与研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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