Article(id=1152987121703965573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1152987119267078751, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752823151278, onlineDateStr=2025-07-18, pubDate=1737561600000, pubDateStr=2025-01-23, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752823151278, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752823151278, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752823151278, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1152987119267078751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, year='2025', volume='3', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='160', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1752823150696, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753700669186, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1156667698588275453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1152987119267078751, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1156667698588275454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1152987119267078751, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=6, endPage=9, ext={CN=ArticleExt(id=1152987146295169597, articleId=1152987121703965573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, language=CN, title=基于二甲基硅油封装的LPFG 增敏型温度传感器的研究, columnId=1151957373175820401, journalTitle=实验室检测, columnName=创新应用, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 针对工业生产上对高灵敏度光纤光栅温度传感器的需求,本文将长周期光纤光栅(LongPeriod fiber grating,LPFG)和热敏材料二甲基硅油(Dimethyl silicone oil, DSO)结合起来设计并测试了一款高灵敏度光纤光栅温度传感器。方法 先利用高频 CO2 激光器在单模光纤上刻写一个LPFG,然后将 DSO 包裹在LPFG 的外表面构成一个温度传感器,通过恒温箱和光谱分析仪对传感器的温度特性进行评估,最后进行了稳定性实验和重复性实验。结果 实验发现在包裹 DSO前后LPFG 透射谱谐振峰不变,但谐振峰波长随温度发生显著漂移,通过解调谐振峰波长与温度的变化关系,获得测量的温度值。实验结果显示该传感器的温度灵敏度达到109 pm/°C,而没有包裹DSO的LPFG 温度灵敏度仅为59.6 pm/°C,传感器灵敏度是原来的约1.8倍。结论 该传感器具有结构简单、制作容易、造价低廉、灵敏度高和测量范围大等优点,在工业温度测量上具有一定的应用价值。

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*江超,博士,教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为光纤传感技术和飞秒激光微加工技术。E-mail:
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陈婧婷,硕士,中教一级,研究方向为中学物理与传感器的教学和科研。

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基于二甲基硅油封装的LPFG 增敏型温度传感器的研究
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陈婧婷 1 , 江超 2, *
实验室检测 | 创新应用 2025,3(2): 6-9
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实验室检测 | 创新应用 2025, 3(2): 6-9
基于二甲基硅油封装的LPFG 增敏型温度传感器的研究
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陈婧婷1, 江超2, *
作者信息
  • 1 湖北师范大学附属中学 黄石 435000
  • 2 湖北师范大学 物理与电子科学学院 黄石 435002
  • 陈婧婷,硕士,中教一级,研究方向为中学物理与传感器的教学和科研。

通讯作者:

*江超,博士,教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为光纤传感技术和飞秒激光微加工技术。E-mail:

目的 针对工业生产上对高灵敏度光纤光栅温度传感器的需求,本文将长周期光纤光栅(LongPeriod fiber grating,LPFG)和热敏材料二甲基硅油(Dimethyl silicone oil, DSO)结合起来设计并测试了一款高灵敏度光纤光栅温度传感器。方法 先利用高频 CO2 激光器在单模光纤上刻写一个LPFG,然后将 DSO 包裹在LPFG 的外表面构成一个温度传感器,通过恒温箱和光谱分析仪对传感器的温度特性进行评估,最后进行了稳定性实验和重复性实验。结果 实验发现在包裹 DSO前后LPFG 透射谱谐振峰不变,但谐振峰波长随温度发生显著漂移,通过解调谐振峰波长与温度的变化关系,获得测量的温度值。实验结果显示该传感器的温度灵敏度达到109 pm/°C,而没有包裹DSO的LPFG 温度灵敏度仅为59.6 pm/°C,传感器灵敏度是原来的约1.8倍。结论 该传感器具有结构简单、制作容易、造价低廉、灵敏度高和测量范围大等优点,在工业温度测量上具有一定的应用价值。

光纤温度传感器  /  长周期光纤光栅  /  二甲基硅油  /  温度
陈婧婷, 江超. 基于二甲基硅油封装的LPFG 增敏型温度传感器的研究. 实验室检测, 2025 , 3 (2) : 6 -9 .
光纤温度传感器因其体积小、制作方便、可远距离传感、 抗电磁干扰等优点而受到广泛关注。光纤温度传感器已广泛应用于工业生产和科学研究的各个方面。传统在线光纤温度传感器主要有两种类型:光纤光栅型[1-2]和光纤干涉仪型[3-6]。其中, 光纤光栅主要包括光纤布拉格光栅(Fiber Bragg Grating, FBG)和长周期光纤光栅(Long Period Fiber Grating, LPFG)两种。尤其是 LPFG, 它表现出良好的稳定性与线性度, 在光纤传感领域得到了广泛应用,但仍然存在灵敏度较低的缺陷[7-8],这是由于光纤光栅具有的较低的热膨胀系数与热光系数决定了它的温度灵敏度通常较低, 进而限制了其在高灵敏度场合中的应用。因此, 如何提高光纤温度传感器的灵敏度是研究热点之一。
研究表明, 提高光纤温度传感器灵敏度最常用的方法就是利用热敏材料来制备光纤传感器。首先,聚二甲基硅氧烷 (Polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS)是一种热敏感性很好的光橡胶材料,常被用于光纤温度传感器中[9-12]。例如,王琪等[13]在长周期光纤光栅表面涂覆 PDMS 热敏材料,获得${255.4}\mathrm{{pm}}/{}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$的高灵敏度。Park 等[14]在布拉格光栅表面涂覆 PDMS 热敏材料, 获得${42}\mathrm{{pm}}/{}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$的灵敏度,比涂覆前提高了 4.2 倍。但 PDMS 材料比较昂贵, PDMS 溶液的配制与涂覆工序比较复杂, 制作传感器难度大。
二甲基硅油(Dimethyl Silicone Oil, DSO)作为 PDMS 的一种同类替代品, 也被人们用来作为传感器的热敏材料。DSO 是一种无色透明液体, 无味无毒, 具有生理惰性、良好的化学稳定性、电绝缘和耐候性, 粘度范围广, 凝固点低, 闪点高, 疏水性能好,并具有很高的抗剪能力。它可在${50}\sim {180}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$温度内长期使用, 广泛用做绝缘、润滑、防震、防尘油、介电液和热载体。DSO 作为一种良好透光性的液体, 具有高的热膨胀系数和热光系数。DSO 的成本远远低于 PDMS,在商业应用时具有很好的性价比,已经被广泛应用于光纤温度传感器中[15]。 有研究表明[16-17],利用 DSO 与各种光纤干涉仪相结合,能够极大地提高传感器的温度灵敏度, 但温度测量范围相对较小。然而,利用 DSO 与光纤光栅相结合的光纤温度传感器报道较少。
本文利用 LPFG 良好的稳定性与线性度, 以及 DSO 优良的热敏性, 设计了一款新型高灵敏度温度传感器。该传感器的特点是将热敏材料 DSO 包裹在 LPFG 外表面, 利用 DSO 的热敏性来提高 LPFG 对温度的响应度和敏感度。提出的传感器结构能够为高灵敏度温度传感器的设计与开发提供一种潜在的候选和参考。
图 1 为传感器的结构示意图。传感器使用的 DSO 为中国上海生产,型号为$\mathrm{H}{201}- {50}$,粘度为${50}{\mathrm{\;{mm}}}^{2}/\mathrm{s}$,折射率$\mathrm{{RI}}\approx {1.400}$, 为一种透明状的液体。单模光纤为武汉长飞光纤光缆公司生产的标准单模光纤。传感器的制备过程简单描述如下: 第一,利用高频${\mathrm{{CO}}}_{2}$激光器在单模光纤上刻写一段 LPFG,然后${150}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$下对$\mathrm{{LPFG}}$退火$2\mathrm{\;h}$;第二,把$\mathrm{{LPFG}}$套到一段内径为${0.5}\mathrm{\;{mm}}$玻璃管中, 然后将它们一端浸入 DSO 溶液中, 由于毛细管效应, DSO 被吸入玻璃管中;第三,当玻璃管中充满 DSO 后,用 AB 胶把玻璃管两边封装起来, 完成传感器结构的制作。图 2 为制作的传感器实物图和所用的二甲基硅油液体,图 3 为制作的传感器透射谱。经过对比发现 LPFG 填充 DSO 前后透射谱几乎没有变化, 从图 3 中可以看到 LPFG 有两个谐振峰 Dip 1 和 Dip 2,对应的谐振峰值波长分别为${\lambda }_{1}= {1492}\mathrm{\;{nm}},{\lambda }_{2}= {1576.6}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$。在温度实验中, 选择处于光纤通信波段的谐振峰波谷 Dip 2 来测量环境温度。
在 LPFG 中, 当满足模式耦合条件时, 在光栅处将纤芯中传播的部分光耦合到包层中形成包层模。损耗带的谐振波长${\lambda }_{res}$由式 (1) 给出,其中${n}_{eff}^{core}$和${n}_{eff}^{{clad}, m}$分别是纤芯模和第$m$阶包层模的有效折射率,$\Lambda$是 LPFG 的光栅周期。
\[{\lambda }_{\text{res }}= \left({{n}_{\text{eff }}^{\text{core }}- {n}_{\text{eff }}^{\text{clad }, m}}\right)\Lambda \]
当环境温度变化时, 二甲基硅油发生热膨胀, 且折射率发生变化,导致 LPFG 的谐振波长发生漂移。通过监测 LPFG 谐振峰波长漂移进行环境温度测量。传感器的温度灵敏度, 由式 (2)给出。
\[{S}_{T}= \frac{\Delta {\lambda }_{res}}{\Delta T}= {\lambda }_{res}\left({\frac{\mathrm{d}\Lambda }{\Lambda \mathrm{d}T}+ \frac{\mathrm{d}\Delta {n}_{eff}}{\Delta {n}_{eff}\mathrm{\;d}T}}\right),\left({m = 1,2,3,\ldots }\right)\]
这里$T$是环境温度,$\Delta {n}_{eff}= {n}_{eff}^{core}- {n}_{eff}^{{clad}, m},\frac{\mathrm{d}\Lambda }{\Lambda \mathrm{d}T}$是 DSO 与石英光纤的热膨胀系数之和,$\frac{\mathrm{d}\Delta {n}_{eff}}{\Delta {n}_{eff}\mathrm{\;d}T}$是 DSO 与石英光纤的热光系数之和, 因为 DSO 的热膨胀系数与热光系数均很大, 所以传感器的温度灵敏度很高。因为使用的二甲基硅油成分较复杂, 其热膨胀系数与热光系数没有具体数字,所以这里不做定量分析。
传感器的温度实验装置如图 4 所示。实验中采用具有${400}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$带宽$\left({{1250}\sim {1650}\mathrm{\;{nm}}}\right)$的低偏振超宽带光源 (BBS, FL-ASE, 中国北京康冠光电有限公司)作为光源; 利用恒温箱 (WHTH-80L, 中国东莞炜煌科技有限公司) 来评估传感器的温度特性,温度精度为$\pm {0.2}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$; 利用光谱分析仪 (OSA, AQ6370D, 日本横河机电公司) 来记录传感器的透射谱, 光谱仪的分辨率设置为${0.06}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$。在温度实验时,光从$\mathrm{{BBS}}$发出, 经过光纤传输到传感器中, 然后经过传感器的透射光被 OSA 收集。传感器的温度测量范围设置为${40}\sim {75}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$,每次温度变化步长为${5}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$。为了保证测量数据的准确性,在每个温度测量点, 保持稳定态${15}\mathrm{\;{min}}$,再记录实验数据。
图 5 显示了传感器透射谱波谷 Dip 2 随着温度上升时的漂移情况。从图中可以发现,当温度从${40}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$升到${75}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$时, Dip 2 朝着长波长方向漂移 (红移)。对变化数据进行线性拟合, 得到线性拟合度为 0.9988,传感器的温度灵敏度为${97.1}\mathrm{{pm}}/{}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$。当温度从${75}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$下降到${40}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$时,传感器透射谱波谷$\mathrm{{Dip}}2$的变化过程与升温时相反,拟合得到温度下降时传感器的温度灵敏度为${109}\mathrm{{pm}}/{}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$,线性拟合度为 0.9925。传感器的升降温灵敏度有一点偏差, 虽然传感器具有一定的回程误差, 但可逆性还是比较好的。
为了评估 LPFG 填充 DSO 后灵敏度的变化情况, 实验中测量了 LPFG 没有填充 DSO 时的温度特性, 仍然选择 LPFG 透射谱中谐振峰波谷 Dip 2 来考察温度的变化情况。 图 6 显示了 LPFG 透射谱谐振峰波谷 Dip 2 随着温度上升时的变化情况。从图中可以发现, 当温度上升时, Dip 2 向长波长方向漂移 (红移)。对变化数据进行线性拟合, 得到的温度灵敏度为 59.6$\mathrm{{pm}}/{}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$,线性拟合度为 0.9674。通过与填充了 DSO 的 LPFG 结构温度实验对比发现, 两种情况下波谷 Dip 2 漂移的方向一样, 但漂移的大小不一样。经过计算发现, LPFG 填充 DSO 后, 温度灵敏度提高到改性前的 1.8 倍 (109/59.6=1.8)。这说明在 LPFG 表面填充 DSO 是提高 LPFG 灵敏度的一种有效方法。
为了评估传感器测量温度时的稳定性, 还对传感器进行了稳定性实验。将温度箱的温度分别设置为固定的${40}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$和${60}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$, 然后将传感器放置到温度箱中。先保持温度稳定${30}\mathrm{\;{min}}$,然后每隔${10}\mathrm{\;{min}}$测量一次 Dip 2 的峰值波长,在${80}\mathrm{\;{min}}$内测量得到的 Dip 2 波长变化情况如图 7 所示。由图 7 可知,在${40}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$下${80}\mathrm{\;{min}}$内, Dip 2 波长变化值与理论值 (1576.418 nm) 的最大偏差约为${0.069}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$; 在${60}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$下${80}\mathrm{\;{min}}$内, Dip 2 波长变化值与理论值(1578.393nm)的最大偏差约为${0.044}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$。依据前面测得传感器在 Dip 2 的温度灵敏度为${109}\mathrm{{pm}}/{}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$,计算得到传感器在${40}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$时的测量误差约为${0.6}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}\left({{0.069}/{0.097}\approx {0.6}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}}\right)$,在${60}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$时的测量误差约为${0.4}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}\left({{0.044}/{0.097}\approx {0.4}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}}\right)$。实验结果表明传感器测量温度时误差较小, 符合要求, 传感器的稳定性较好。为了检验传感器在不同时间测量温度时的一致性, 对传感器进行了三次重复性实验。在相同条件下每隔一个月利用传感器测量一次温度, 检验传感器的重复性。
图 8 显示了在相同条件下传感器在 Dip 2 处三次测量温度得到的测量误差变化范围。可以观察到, 在低温段存在一定的测量误差, 在高温段误差较小, 其主要原因可能是温度箱在低温段提供的温度不太准确造成的。总体来看, 传感器具有较好的重复性, 获得的平均拟合灵敏度为${105}\mathrm{{pm}}/{}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$,线性拟合度为 0.9996。
利用制备的传感器进行了详细的温度实验研究, 主要研究了传感器的升温和降温敏感性实验, 恒定温度下的稳定性实验, 以及在相同条件下多次温度实验。实验结果证明, 在 LPFG 表面包裹 DSO 能够有效提高 LPFG 对温度的灵敏度, 这与理论分析结果是一致的。同时, 实验还证实了传感器具有较好的可逆性,最大回程误差为${11.9}\mathrm{{pm}}/{}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}\left({{109}- {97.1}= {11.9}}\right)$,为可接受范围。此外, 传感器的三次升温实验获得的数据基本一致,平均灵敏度为${105}\mathrm{{pm}}/{}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$,误差棒较小。最后,从传感器的稳定性实验,可以初步估算传感器的测量误差为${0.4}^{\circ }\mathrm{C}$,较小, 能够满足要求。
本文基于 LPFG 与 DSO 的优良性能, 设计了一款由 LPFG 与 DSO 相结合的温度传感器。该传感器将 LPFG 的温度灵敏度提高为原来的 1.8 倍, 在一定程度改善了 LPFG 的温度灵敏度偏低的缺陷。该传感器不仅具有结构简单、制作容易、造价低廉和操作方便等优点, 而且具有一定的实际应用前景。
  • 湖北省自然科学基金创新发展联合基金项目(2024AFD001)
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2025年第3卷第2期
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  • 首发时间:2025-07-18
  • 出版时间:2025-01-23
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湖北省自然科学基金创新发展联合基金项目(2024AFD001)
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    1 湖北师范大学附属中学 黄石 435000
    2 湖北师范大学 物理与电子科学学院 黄石 435002

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*江超,博士,教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为光纤传感技术和飞秒激光微加工技术。E-mail:
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