Article(id=1149789753446457425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1149789743237525714, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=null, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752060839282, onlineDateStr=2025-07-09, pubDate=1744041600000, pubDateStr=2025-04-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752060839282, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752060839282, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752060839282, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1149789743237525714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, year='2025', volume='3', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='160', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1752060836848, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753700577901, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1156667315723821648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1149789743237525714, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1156667315723821649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, issueId=1149789743237525714, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=152, endPage=154, ext={CN=ArticleExt(id=1152194719628014374, articleId=1149789753446457425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, language=CN, title=基于盆栽培养实验与实验室检测探究水分添加对根际土壤微生物残体碳的影响, columnId=1152194691782505406, journalTitle=实验室检测, columnName=评价与分析, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 探究水分添加对植物根际土壤微生物残体碳(MRC)的影响。方法 选择抗旱性不同的羊草(Leymus chinensis)和燕麦(Avena sativa)进行室內盆栽培养试验,使用重铬酸钾氧化外加热法测定土壤有机碳(SOC)含量,使用高效液相色谱法测定 MRC含量,使用荧光标记底物法测定土壤中碳降解酶活性。结果 水分添加使羊草根际 SOC、细菌残体碳(BRC)、真菌残体碳(FRC)和MRC含量分别增加了5.9%、13.74%、9.48%和16.29%,而使燕麦根际土壤中四者分别降低了7.4%、19.98%、10.95%和13.41%。水分添加使羊草根际土壤中 β−1,4– 葡萄糖苷酶(BG)活性提高了37.4%,使燕麦根际土壤中?G 活性和β1,4N乙酰氨基葡糖氨糖苷酶(NAG)活性分别提高了64.0%和36.5%。结论 水分添加对抗旱性不同的植物根际土壤MRC含量的影响显著不同,研究土壤水分对MRC 在土壤碳固存中的作用时需要考虑物种差异。

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*杨洋,博士,讲师,研究方向为土壤生态学。E-mail:
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孙经好,硕士,研究方向为土壤生态学。

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Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2002, 34 . 1309-1315., articleTitle=The effects of long term nitrogen deposition on extracellular enzyme activity in an Acer saccharum forest soil, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1154352502226014780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1149789753446457425, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154352502234403389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1149789753446457425, companyId=1154352502226014780, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 河北建筑工程学院 张家口 075000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1154352503014543934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1149789753446457425, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1154352503018738239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1149789753446457425, companyId=1154352503014543934, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 河北省水质工程与水资源综合利用重点实验室 张家口 075000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1154352509058536071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1149789753446457425, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=x3EkwpmUlX1NJmfrNPVVdg==, figureFileBig=lq3ALSjaG9s8bh2ZEfFFzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154352509125644937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1149789753446457425, language=CN, label=图 1, caption=微生物残体碳与碳降解酶活性的线性回归分析, figureFileSmall=x3EkwpmUlX1NJmfrNPVVdg==, figureFileBig=lq3ALSjaG9s8bh2ZEfFFzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1154352509196948107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1149789753446457425, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
植物 处理 SOC/(g/kg) MRC/(g/kg) BRC/(g/kg) FRC/(g/kg) NAG [ nmol/(g·h) ]
羊草 CK ${6.22} \pm {0.04}\mathrm{\;{Bb}}$ ${1.73} \pm {0.05}\mathrm{\;{Bb}}$ ${0.49} \pm {0.01}\mathrm{\;{Bb}}$ ${1.33} \pm {0.02}\mathrm{\;{Bb}}$ ${13.09} \pm {0.70}\mathrm{\;{Ab}}$ ${3.74} \pm {0.13}\mathrm{\;{Ba}}$
WD ${7.21} \pm {0.06}\mathrm{{Aa}}$ ${2.01} \pm {0.03}\mathrm{{Aa}}$ ${0.56} \pm {0.01}\mathrm{{Aa}}$ ${1.45} \pm {0.01}\mathrm{{Aa}}$ ${17.99} \pm {0.10}\mathrm{{Aa}}$ ${3.43} \pm {0.06}\mathrm{\;{Ba}}$
燕麦 CK ${7.20} \pm {0.02}\mathrm{{Aa}}$ ${7.20} \pm {0.02}\mathrm{{Aa}}$ ${0.69} \pm {0.00}\mathrm{{Aa}}$ ${1.43} \pm {0.01}\mathrm{{Aa}}$ ${9.94} \pm {0.30}\mathrm{\;{Ab}}$ ${8.41} \pm {0.05}\mathrm{{Ab}}$
WD ${6.67} \pm {0.02}\mathrm{\;{Bb}}$ ${6.67} \pm {0.02}\mathrm{\;{Bb}}$ ${0.55} \pm {0.01}\mathrm{\;{Ab}}$ ${1.27} \pm {0.01}\mathrm{\;{Bb}}$ ${16.31} \pm {0.52}\mathrm{{Aa}}$ ${11.49} \pm {0.43}\mathrm{{Aa}}$
), ArticleFig(id=1154352509264056973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1146119944283992078, articleId=1149789753446457425, language=CN, label=表 1, caption=土壤微生物残体碳含量和碳降解酶活性, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
植物 处理 SOC/(g/kg) MRC/(g/kg) BRC/(g/kg) FRC/(g/kg) NAG [ nmol/(g·h) ]
羊草 CK ${6.22} \pm {0.04}\mathrm{\;{Bb}}$ ${1.73} \pm {0.05}\mathrm{\;{Bb}}$ ${0.49} \pm {0.01}\mathrm{\;{Bb}}$ ${1.33} \pm {0.02}\mathrm{\;{Bb}}$ ${13.09} \pm {0.70}\mathrm{\;{Ab}}$ ${3.74} \pm {0.13}\mathrm{\;{Ba}}$
WD ${7.21} \pm {0.06}\mathrm{{Aa}}$ ${2.01} \pm {0.03}\mathrm{{Aa}}$ ${0.56} \pm {0.01}\mathrm{{Aa}}$ ${1.45} \pm {0.01}\mathrm{{Aa}}$ ${17.99} \pm {0.10}\mathrm{{Aa}}$ ${3.43} \pm {0.06}\mathrm{\;{Ba}}$
燕麦 CK ${7.20} \pm {0.02}\mathrm{{Aa}}$ ${7.20} \pm {0.02}\mathrm{{Aa}}$ ${0.69} \pm {0.00}\mathrm{{Aa}}$ ${1.43} \pm {0.01}\mathrm{{Aa}}$ ${9.94} \pm {0.30}\mathrm{\;{Ab}}$ ${8.41} \pm {0.05}\mathrm{{Ab}}$
WD ${6.67} \pm {0.02}\mathrm{\;{Bb}}$ ${6.67} \pm {0.02}\mathrm{\;{Bb}}$ ${0.55} \pm {0.01}\mathrm{\;{Ab}}$ ${1.27} \pm {0.01}\mathrm{\;{Bb}}$ ${16.31} \pm {0.52}\mathrm{{Aa}}$ ${11.49} \pm {0.43}\mathrm{{Aa}}$
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基于盆栽培养实验与实验室检测探究水分添加对根际土壤微生物残体碳的影响
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孙经好 1 , 代学民 1, 2 , 刘兵 1 , 杨金晨 1 , 仝玉策 1 , 杨洋 1, 2, *
实验室检测 | 评价与分析 2025,3(7): 152-154
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实验室检测 | 评价与分析 2025, 3(7): 152-154
基于盆栽培养实验与实验室检测探究水分添加对根际土壤微生物残体碳的影响
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孙经好1, 代学民1, 2, 刘兵1, 杨金晨1, 仝玉策1, 杨洋1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1 河北建筑工程学院 张家口 075000
  • 2 河北省水质工程与水资源综合利用重点实验室 张家口 075000
  • 孙经好,硕士,研究方向为土壤生态学。

通讯作者:

*杨洋,博士,讲师,研究方向为土壤生态学。E-mail:
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出版时间: 2025-04-08
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目的 探究水分添加对植物根际土壤微生物残体碳(MRC)的影响。方法 选择抗旱性不同的羊草(Leymus chinensis)和燕麦(Avena sativa)进行室內盆栽培养试验,使用重铬酸钾氧化外加热法测定土壤有机碳(SOC)含量,使用高效液相色谱法测定 MRC含量,使用荧光标记底物法测定土壤中碳降解酶活性。结果 水分添加使羊草根际 SOC、细菌残体碳(BRC)、真菌残体碳(FRC)和MRC含量分别增加了5.9%、13.74%、9.48%和16.29%,而使燕麦根际土壤中四者分别降低了7.4%、19.98%、10.95%和13.41%。水分添加使羊草根际土壤中 β−1,4– 葡萄糖苷酶(BG)活性提高了37.4%,使燕麦根际土壤中?G 活性和β1,4N乙酰氨基葡糖氨糖苷酶(NAG)活性分别提高了64.0%和36.5%。结论 水分添加对抗旱性不同的植物根际土壤MRC含量的影响显著不同,研究土壤水分对MRC 在土壤碳固存中的作用时需要考虑物种差异。

微生物残体碳  /  土壤有机碳  /  水分添加
孙经好, 代学民, 刘兵, 杨金晨, 仝玉策, 杨洋. 基于盆栽培养实验与实验室检测探究水分添加对根际土壤微生物残体碳的影响. 实验室检测, 2025 , 3 (7) : 152 -154 .
21 世纪以来, 全球变暖导致降水格局发生显著改变, 降水量的变化会通过改变土壤水分影响有机碳矿化, 进而对土壤碳循环及碳储存过程造成影响[1]。土壤有机碳 (SOC)是土壤碳库的重要组成部分, 是评价土壤质量和生产力的重要指标,微生物残体碳 (MRC) 在 SOC 中占比可达 80%,对调节土壤碳库的形成和稳定性至关重要[2]。 气候变化导致的土壤湿度等外部因素的改变会通过影响微生物生理特征, 来影响 MRC 的形成和稳定性, 然后间接影响土壤碳循环过程[3]。水分增加会促进植物生长,增强凋落物向土壤中的输入, 从而促进微生物生长及 MRC 的形成,这一过程促进了 MRC 的积累[4]。但过高的土壤水分会导致氧气减少, 降低微生物对营养物质的利用效率,从而减少 MRC 的积累[5]。不同植物由于根系分泌物的差异, 会通过改变根际土壤微生物种群和群落结构影响 MRC 的积累[6]。水分添加如何影响根际土壤 MRC 的积累还需要进一步研究。重铬酸钾氧化 - 外加热法测定有机碳含量是利用油浴加热消煮的方法加速有机碳的氧化,从而计算有机碳含量[7]。氨基糖具有异源性,可作为微生物残留物标识物用于评估土壤中不同微生物死亡残体有机碳的含量[8]
该研究选取抗旱性不同的两种植物——羊草(Leymus chinensis) 和燕麦 (Avena sativa) 进行室内盆栽培养试验, 分析水分添加对植物根际土壤中 MRC 的影响。本研究假设:土壤水分的增加可能通过促进植物生长和微生物生长及微生物残体的形成, 从而增加 MRC 的含量。该研究旨在分析不同水分条件下 MRC 的变化, 对探究降水格局变化下土壤碳固存及碳循环具有重要意义。
供试土壤取自河北省张家口市康保县, 年平均气温和年平均降水量分别约为${2.0}^{ \circ }\mathrm{C}$ 和${350}\mathrm{\;{mm}}{}^{\left\lbrack 9\right\rbrack }$ 。2022 年 6 月末,在农田采集深度为$0 \sim {20}\mathrm{\;{cm}}$ 的土壤,土壤样品经风干后过孔径$2\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 筛备用。供试土壤基本理化性质:$\mathrm{{pH}}$ 8.27,总碳含量${6.41}\mathrm{\;g}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ ,总氮含量${0.61}\mathrm{\;g}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ ,总磷含量${40}\mathrm{{mg}}/\mathrm{{kg}}$ 。
2023 年 4 月 1 日,选取羊草和燕麦两种植物进行室内盆栽培养实验。每种植物设置 2 种处理:对照组 (30% 田间持水量) 和水分添加 (60% 田间持水量)。每个处理设置 5 个重复。种植前, 将种子用超纯水浸透的滤纸包裹。在${20}^{ \circ }\mathrm{C}$ 培养箱中育苗${72}\mathrm{\;h}$ 后,将发芽的种子种在花盆中。 培养过程中,每天使用静置$1\mathrm{\;d}$ 后的自来水进行浇水,通过称重的方式维持土壤含水量。将所有花盆置于培养室内并在自然光下照射。培养三个月后, 利用 “抖土法” 采集根际土壤,将土壤过孔径$2\mathrm{\;{mm}}$ 筛后备用。
SOC 含量使用重铬酸钾氧化法测定。具体而言, 称取${0.10} \sim {0.50}\mathrm{\;g}$ 土壤样品于大试管中,用移液管加入${5.0}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ ${0.8000}\mathrm{\;{mol}}/\mathrm{L}$ 的$1/6{\mathrm{\;K}}_{2}{\mathrm{{Cr}}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ 标准溶液,然后加入$5\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 浓硫酸,旋转摇匀。将装有土壤样品的大试管放入大试管架中,进行油浴锅加热,控制油浴温度在${170} \sim {180}^{ \circ }\mathrm{C}$ , 使溶液保持沸腾 5 min,此时溶液呈为橙黄色或黄绿色。 然后取出试管架, 冷却后擦净试管外部的油液。将试管内的混合物洗入${250}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 锥形瓶中,将锥形瓶内溶液的体积保持在${60} \sim {80}\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 。加入$3 \sim 4$ 滴邻啡啰啉指示剂后,用${0.2}\mathrm{\;{mol}}/\mathrm{L}$ 硫酸亚铁溶液滴定,溶液颜色由橙黄经蓝绿到棕红色为止。同时,使用石英砂代替土壤样品进行空白实验, 其它步骤与测定土壤样品时相同。SOC 含量的计算方法参考双龙等的做法[7]
用氨基糖 [ 胞壁酸 (MurN)和氨基葡萄糖 (GluN) ] 作为细菌残体碳(BRC)和真菌残体碳(RFC)的标志物。土壤氨基糖的提取方法参考 Appuhn 等[10]。称取$1\mathrm{\;g}$ 鲜土于水解管中,加入${10}\mathrm{\;{mL}}6\mathrm{\;{mol}}/\mathrm{L}$ 盐酸,在烘箱中${105}^{ \circ }\mathrm{C}$ 水解$6\mathrm{\;h}$ 。待水解液冷却至室温后,摇匀溶液静置过夜。 取$1\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 上清液于粗玻璃管中,在氮吹仪 (N-Evap-112, Organomation, USA)中氮气水浴${30}^{ \circ }\mathrm{C}$ 吹干,加入$1\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 超纯水,氮气水浴再次吹干。加入$2\mathrm{\;{mL}}$ 超纯水,混匀后过${0.45\mu }\mathrm{m}$ 滤膜,土壤氨基糖提取液于$4{}^{ \circ }\mathrm{C}$ 保存。氨基糖含量用高效液相色谱仪 (Ultimate 3000, Thermo fisher, USA)测定,计算方法参考 Appuhn 等[11]
土壤中$\beta - 1,4 -$ 葡萄糖苷酶$\left( {\beta \mathrm{G}}\right)$ 和$\beta - 1,4 - N - {乙酰氨}$ 基葡糖氨糖苷酶(NAG)活性的测定方法参考 Saiya-Cork 等的做法[12]。将$1\mathrm{\;g}$ 新鲜土壤加入${125}\mathrm{\;{mL}}{50}\mathrm{\;{mmol}}/\mathrm{L}$ 的 Tris-HCl 缓冲液$\left( {\mathrm{{pH}} = 8}\right)$ 中制备土壤悬浮液。在 96 微孔板中,加入${200\mu }\mathrm{L}$ 土壤悬浮液和${50\mu }\mathrm{L}$ 底物溶液$\left( {{200\mu }\mathrm{{mol}}/\mathrm{L}}\right)$ 。用 4-甲基伞形酮做标准曲线。每个样品 8 个重复。将微孔板置于${20}^{ \circ }\mathrm{C}$ 黑暗条件下培养$4\mathrm{\;h}$ 。随后每个孔中加入${10\mu }\mathrm{L}1\mathrm{{mol}}/\mathrm{L}\mathrm{{NaOH}}$ 溶液。静置$1\mathrm{\;{min}}$ 后, 用多功能酶标仪 (SynergyH4, BioTek) 在${365}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ 下激发、${450}\mathrm{\;{nm}}$ 下检测荧光值。
数据处理及统计分析采用Excel 和 IBM SPSS Statistics 25 软件进行。采用单样本 Kolmogorov-Smirnov 检验来检验数据的正态分布。采用独立样本$t$ - 检验比较不同处理或不同植物间 MRC 含量及碳降解酶活性的差异, 采用线性回归曲线分析 BRC 和 FRC 与碳降解酶活性的相关性,显著性水平为$P < {0.05}$ 。利用软件 Origin 2018 进行绘图。
与对照处理相比, 水分添加处理使羊草根际土壤中的 SOC、BRC、FRC、MRC 含量分别提高了 5.9%、${13.74}\%$ 、${9.48}\%$ 和${16.29}\% \left( {P < {0.05}}\right)$ ;使燕麦根际土壤中的 SOC、BRC、FRC、MRC 分别降低了 7.4%、19.98%、${10.95}\%$ 和${13.41}\% \left( {P < {0.05}}\right)$ 。水分添加处理使羊草根际土壤中的$\beta \mathrm{G}$ 活性提高了${37.4}\% \left( {P < {0.05}}\right)$ ,但并不影响 NAG 活性$\left( {P > {0.05}}\right)$ ; 使燕麦根际土壤中的$\beta \mathrm{G}$ 和 NAG 活性分别提高了 64.0% 和 36.5%($P < {0.05}$ ),见表 1
BRC 含量与 NAG 活性呈正相关关系$\left( {P < {0.05}}\right)$ ,与$\beta \mathrm{G}$ 活性呈负相关关系$\left( {P < {0.05}}\right)$ 。FRC 含量与 NAG 活性呈负相关关系$\left( {P < {0.05}}\right)$ ,如图 1
检测结果表明, 水分添加增加了羊草根际土壤中 SOC、BRC、FRC 和 MRC 含量 (见表 1), 与研究假设一致, 以往研究也发现植物源碳的输入会促进微生物生长和 MRC 的积累[5]。水分添加增加了植物可利用的水分,同时使植物向土壤输入更多的有机碳, 促进了微生物的生长和 MRC 的积累, 这可能是羊草根际土壤中 SOC、BRC、 FRC 和 MRC 含量升高的主要原因。水分添加相反降低了燕麦根际土壤中的 SOC、BRC、FRC 和 MRC 含量, 可能是因为水分增加提高了碳降解酶活性和扩散速率, 加快了 MRC 的分解。碳降解酶活性与 MRC 之间的负相关关系证实了这一点 (图 1)。MRC 在 SOC 中的占比仅为 27%~30%,这表明了植物源碳是植物生长前期根际土壤 SOC 的主要来源。FRC 随着土壤水分的增加在羊草根际土壤中呈现出 “增加慢”,而在燕麦根际土壤中出现 “降低快”的现象。这可能是因为羊草和燕麦根际土壤中真菌群落结构的差异。这一现象揭示了植物种类通过调控根际环境和真菌功能群特性, 显著影响 FRC 的动态。
本研究通过水分添加室内盆栽培养试验来探究水分添加对根际土壤 MRC 的影响。研究结果表明: 水分添加对 MRC 含量的影响因植物种类而异。水分添加使羊草根际 BRC 和 FRC 含量增加, 可能是因为水分促进了细菌和真菌的生长。而对于燕麦根际中结果相反,可能是因为水分提高了碳降解酶活性, 促进微生物残体的分解。水分添加使燕麦根际土壤中 MRC 的含量降低, 可能是因为植物向根际中输入更多的活性碳组分, 提高了碳降解酶活性, 加快了对 MRC 的分解。该研究揭示了水分添加对羊草和燕麦根际土壤中 MRC 含量的不同影响, 结果表现出明显的物种间差异。在气候变化的大背景下, 探究土壤水分对 MRC 在土壤碳固存中的作用时, 需要考虑物种的影响。
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2025年第3卷第7期
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  • 首发时间:2025-07-09
  • 出版时间:2025-04-08
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    1 河北建筑工程学院 张家口 075000
    2 河北省水质工程与水资源综合利用重点实验室 张家口 075000

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*杨洋,博士,讲师,研究方向为土壤生态学。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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