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This study employed high-speed camera technology to observe the kinetic behaviour of micrometre-sized Fe3O4 particles traversing the oil–water interface under the influence of a non-uniform magnetic field. The experimental results show that the mass fraction of Span 80 surfactant alters interfacial properties (interfacial tension, viscosity, and oil–water–solid contact angle). As Span 80 mass fraction increases, the Ohnesorge number (Oh) rises while the magnetic Bond number (Bom) decreases. Particles exhibit five distinct motion modes at the interface: encapsulation and detachment, interfacial jet formation, cluster ejection, suspension ejection, and steady-state stretching. At low mass fractions (＜ 0.42%), the Marangoni effect predominates, enveloping particles within the oil phase to form magnetic emulsions; near the critical micelle concentration (
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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