Objective This study aims to scientifically delineate land use functional zones in Anhui Province， identify the key driving factors of landscape ecological risk， and reveal the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and spatial conflict patterns of ecological risk， providing scientific support for regional ecological security and territorial space planning. Methods Taking Anhui Province as the study area， a land use functional zoning scheme was developed by integrating the morphological spatial pattern analysis （MSPA）， Conefor， and minimum cumulative resistance （MCR） models and applying the resistance threshold method. On this basis， This study combines the XGBoost model with the SHAP interpretation method to quantitatively analyze the effects of topographic conditions， climatic factors， and socio-economic factors on landscape ecological risks. Results 1）According to land use functions， Anhui Province can be divided into three core areas， among which the ecological protection core area accounts for 30.96%， the agricultural production core area accounts for 35.52%， and the construction and development core area accounts for 33.52%. Spatially， the three areas are respectively concentrated in the southern Anhui region， the northern Anhui region， and the urban agglomeration in central Anhui. 2） From 2000 to 2020， the overall landscape ecological risk in the region has been continuously intensifying， with the proportion of areas with high and very high risks increasing from 16.95% to 32.81%. In terms of spatial distribution， low-risk zones largely coincided with ecological protection zones， while high-risk zones were concentrated in construction development zones. 3） The analysis of influencing factors showed that topographic factors exerted the greatest influence on the provincial risk pattern. Climatic factors were the dominant factors in ecological protection and construction development zones， whereas socio-economic factors had the most significant influence on risk in agricultural production zones. 4） Ecological risk conflicts within the province were significant， with relatively high- and high-conflict zones accounting for 30.78%， mainly distributed in cities such as Anqing and Hefei. Conclusion Landscape ecological risk in Anhui Province shows an intensifying trend. The province is influenced by topographic factors， while different zones are driven by climatic and socio-economic factors， and high-risk zones are concentrated in construction development core zones. It is recommended to implement differentiated management strategies based on functional zoning， focusing on mitigating spatial conflicts in areas such as Anqing and Hefei to improve regional ecological security. The findings provide a scientific basis for the synergistic governance of territorial space planning and ecological risk.