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Outline
Objective This study aims to systematically review the history of soil erosion mapping at the national and global scales prior to the widespread application of remote sensing and GIS， clarify its scientific achievements and historical contributions， explore its practical implications for contemporary digital soil erosion mapping， and promote further advancement in this field. Methods Classic maps and related literature from the mid-1920s to the late 1990s， both in China and worldwide， were systematically collected and analyzed. By examining the historical development trajectory and technical methods employed， this study assesses their scientific achievements and historical value， providing key insights for modern digital soil erosion mapping. Results Soil erosion mapping at national， major geographical unit， and global scales was systematically conducted during this period. Representative outputs include soil erosion maps of the United States， the former Soviet Union， and China， soil erosion maps of severely eroded regions such as the Loess Plateau， and the global soil erosion map. These maps were primarily compiled based on the degree of damage observed in soil profiles or used river sediment transport rate as a proxy indicator to evaluate erosion intensity， and spatial representation of soil erosion was achieved through manual cartographic methods. Conclusions The nearly 80 years of regional soil erosion mapping worldwide have achieved systematic foundational outcomes. Theoretically， it established soil erosion classification systems and an ontological framework， provided historical baseline data， and formed classic paradigms. Practically， it promoted soil and water conservation legislation and the establishment of soil conservation institutions in multiple countries， laying the foundation for global monitoring networks. Its scientific concepts and legacy data provide four insights for contemporary digital mapping， including focusing on erosion-specific themes， integrating classical cartographic theories， deeply utilizing historical data， and constructing a new paradigm of soil erosion mapping in the digital era.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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